中考常考易错题总结一：易混动词1. 几个“花费”:spend,take,pay,cost(1) spend多用人作主语,后接金钱或时间spend...on sth/ (in)doing sth如:I spent 15 yuan on this new book.买这本新书我花了15元2) take常用于“It takes sb some time to do sth”句型中如:It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.我天天骑车去学校要花半小时3) pay常与for连用,表“付给……款”如:I paid 15 yuan for this new book.(4) cost常用物作主语,表“价值或花费多少钱”如: This new book costs me 15 yuan.2. 几个“看”:look,see,watch,read,find look看,表动作,look atsee看见,表结果;也可说看电影“see a film”watch观看比赛、表演、电视等read读书看报等文字材料3. 几个与“看”有关的词或词组:look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to look for寻找,表过程。
find发现,找到,表结果find out找出,查明look after, take care of 均表达“照看,照顾”look over检查、翻阅等look forward to盼望……,期待……4. 几个“说”:say, speak, talk, tell (1) say用作及物动词或不及物动词用作及物动词时,侧重说的内容;say用作不及物动词时,不涉及所说的内容如:Please say it in English.这个请用英语说It's hard to say.很难说Easier said than done.说起来容易,做起来难say之后通常跟直接引语、间接引语或宾语从句如:The teacher said,“Please look at me.” 老师说:“请看着我”Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.老师说地球围绕太阳运营具有say的固定搭配和常见的句型有:say to oneself自言自语;say“Hi/Hello”to sb.向某人问好; have nothing to say to对……无话可说;say a good word for sb.为某人说好话;They say... / It's said... (据说……);That is to say那就是说。
2) speak常指能说某种语言,打电话时常用它表达说话,也有“演讲”的意思,不强调说话的内容如:We can speak Chinese and English.我们可以说汉语和英语May I speak to Henry?我可以和亨利发言吗?He will speak at the meeting tonight.他将在今晚的会议上发言3) talk用作不及物动词,作“说话”讲时与speak可以互换使用作“交谈”讲时,通常与介词to / with连用如:The baby can't talk yet.那个婴儿还不会发言They often talk in English.他们经常用英语交谈I'd like to talk to her.我想和她谈一谈talk用作名词时,可以与动词have一起构成短语“have a talk with”,意思是“和……谈一谈”如:May I have a talk with you?我可以和你谈一谈吗?含talk的短语、固定搭配和句型常见有:talk to/with sb.和某人谈话;talk about谈论;have a talk with sb.和某人谈话/谈一谈; talk of谈到/讲到;talk out说完(4) tell用作及物动词,意思是“讲、说”,指说实话,说出事实的真相,讲故事等。
如:My mother often tells me stories.妈妈经常给我讲故事Please tell me the truth.请告诉我事实的真相The boy never tells lies.那个孩子从不说谎Nobody can tell how the Pyramids were built.没有人能说出金字塔是如何建成的tell表达命令时,作“叫、告诉”讲,常见的句型是“tell sb to do sth.”,意思是“叫/告诉某人做某事”如:Tell him to come to my office.叫/告诉他到我的办公室来Tell them not to look out of the window.叫他们不要向窗外望具有tell的短语、固定搭配和常用句型有: tell sb. a story给某人讲故事; tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事的情况;tell sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事;tell a lie说谎; tell the truth说实话5. 几个“穿,戴”:put on,wear,dress(up)put on指“穿上、戴上”,强调动作,代词放在中间。
wear指“穿着,戴着”,表达状态dress指“给某人穿衣服”,其宾语是人dress up 指“穿上盛装,打扮”6. 几个“到达”:reach,arrive in/at,get toreach是及物动词,它后面可以直接跟表达地点的名词作宾语arrive是不及物动词,后面接表达地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at(在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in,较小的地方或单位前用at)get to表达成达,多用于口语中注意:当表达成达here,there,home时,arrive或get后不要加介词7. 几个“带、拿”:bring,take,get,carry bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到”get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来carry不强调动作来去的方向,只说明动作方式,表达“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义8. 几个与“听”有关的词或词组:listen to,hear,hear of,hear fromlisten to 听……,表达听的动作hear听见,听到,表达结果hear of 听说……hear from收到某人的信息或来信。
9. beat和winbeat表达“赢”或“打败”,后面要接被打败的对手win用作及物动词时,后面接的不是被打败的对手,而是比赛自身、游戏、战争、名次等10. rise和raiserise是不及物动词,表达“上升、提高、增长”等raise是及物动词,表达“举起、抬起”11. borrow,lend和keepborrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西,常与介词from连用lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人,常与介词to连用keep表达“保存”,与表达一段时间的时间状语连用12. receive和acceptreceive的意思是“收到了……”,只表达收到某物,并不表白批准或不批准接受的含义accept表达“接受……”,“批准接纳……”,如接受物体、邀请、批评等如:He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.他收到了她的邀请,并且不久乐地接受了13. answer与replyanswer意为“回答、响应、答复、接听电话”等,多作及物动词reply意为“回答、答复”,是不及物动词,后需加介词to,at等再加宾语。
14. wish，hope与expect hope指主观上的愿望,但在客观上不一定有实现的也许性,常接that从句、动词不定式或以介词for引出的短语expect着重指客观上有也许实现的“期待、盼望”等,其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或that从句Wish sb to do sth15. lie和laylie有多个意思:表达“躺;位于”时,其变化是lay,lain,lying;表达“说谎”时,其变化是lied,lied,lyinglay的含义是“放置、产卵”等其变化是laid,laid,laying二：现在完毕时与一般过去式的区别它们所表达的动作都发生在过去,但两者又有区别:一般过去时表达过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完毕时表达与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表达明确过去时间状语(如yesterday,last week,a moment ago等)连用如:—These farmers have been to the United States.——这些农民去过美国了—Really? When did they go there?——真的吗?他们什么时候去的?—Have you finished your homework? ——你完毕作业了吗?—Yes,I did it a moment ago. ——是的,我刚刚做的。
三：常考词组A) 词组have/has been in/to与have/has gone to的区别“have/has gone to+地点”表达“某人去了某地(尚未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿have/has been in+地点”表达“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表达时间段的状语连用have/has been to+地点”表达“曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)”如:My father isn't at home. He has gone to Beijing.我爸爸不在家,他去北京了I have been in Beijing for 10 years.我待在北京十年了I have been to that city,and I don't want to go there again.我去过那座城市了,我不想再去了B) would rather与prefer to(1) would rather相称于一个情态动词,后面跟不带to的动词不定式构成句型:would rather do sth.,意为“宁可/愿做……其否认结构为:would rather not do sth.,意思是“宁可/愿不做……”。
如:They would rather use colors like orange and yellow.他们宁愿使用像橙色和黄色这样的颜色I'd rather not tell you about it.关于这件事我不愿告诉你would rather与than连用时,than前、后连接两个平衡结构,意为“宁愿……而不愿......;与其……不如……如:I'd rather go shopping in Sunshine Town than in Moonlight Town.我宁愿去阳光城购物,也不愿去月光城I'd rather put the picture on my home page than show it to everyone.我宁愿把照片放在家庭网页上,而不愿把它给每个人看2) 动词prefer用作及物动词时,之后通常跟名词/动名词作宾语,再加to加名词/动名词,即“prefer A to B”结构,意为“喜欢A胜过B;宁愿A不愿B”如:I prefer modern drama to Beijing Opera.我喜欢话剧胜过京剧I prefer walking to jogging.我宁愿散步而不愿慢跑。
有时“prefer doing sth. to doing sth.”结构可以与“would rather do sth. than do sth.”结构互换使用如:I prefer singing to dancing.我宁愿唱歌不愿跳舞I'd rather sing than dance.)注意:“prefer A to B”与“prefer A rather than B”有时可以互换使用如:I prefer fish to chicken.我宁愿吃鱼不愿吃鸡该句相称于:I prefer fish rather than chicken.四：瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别瞬间性动词表达短暂的、不能连续一段时间的动作,如:come, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join, borrow, lend, go等瞬间性动词不能与表达一段时间的状语连用连续性动词表达能连续一段时间的动作,如:work, stay,live,learn,read,write,wait等，可以与表达一段时间的状语连用 例如:她已经离开沈阳一个月了误:She has left Shenyang for a month.正:She has been away from Shenyang for a month.但是瞬间动词的否认结构可以与表达一段时间的状语连用,说明某动作不发生的状态可以连续一段时间。
如:She often goes on business. But she hasn't left Shenyang for a month.她经常出差办事,但她已经一个月没离开沈阳了提分策略英语动词的“时态”是谓语动词表达动作发生时的各种形式中考英语试题常考动词的辨析用法和常用时态,即:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和现在完毕时五种时态是考察的重点动词时态的判断技巧如下:1. 根据时间状语与时态的相应关系拟定期态动词特定的时态经常与特定的时间状语联系在一起,如由this time yesterday可知用过去进行时;由so far,in the past three years,till now可知要用完毕时,等等例1】—Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?—No,because I the story. A. read B. will readC. have read D. was reading【解析】考察动词的时态句意:你对影片的结尾感到惊讶吗?不,由于我读过这个故事根据句意句子应用现在完毕时,故选C。
答案】C【例2】Dad the USA in two weeks. A. is leave for B. leaves forC. is leaving for D. left for【解析】考察动词的时态in+时间段”是一般将来时的标志,leave等表达地点位置转移的动词的进行时态可以表达将来含义答案】 C2. 根据固定句型与动词时态间的相应关系拟定期态在英语中,不少句型与一些动词在时态的运用方面都存在着特定的相应关系如:(1)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,陈述句中用will表达的一般将来时;(2)was/were about to do... when...或was/were doing... when...或was/were on the point of doing... when...句型中,when分句的谓语动词用一般过去时;(3)主将从现原则即：假如主句是一般将来时，那么时间和条件状语从句用一般现在时例1】If farmers trees and forests,giant pandas nowhere to live. A. cut down;have B. will cut down;will haveC. will cut don;have D. cut down;will have【解析】考察主句与从句的时态。
if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,所以选D答案】D【例2】What you when the captain came in? A. are;doing B. did;do C. were;doing【解析】考察过去进行时态根据时间状语从句“when the captain came in”可知句意为:队长来的时候你在干什么?时间状语为一般过去时态,所以主句要用过去进行时态,故选C答案】C3. 动词短语动词+副词构成的动词短语相称于及物动词或不及物动词用作及物动词时,假如是代词做宾语的话,必须把代词放在动词和副词之间动词短语比较复杂,需要熟记例】Smoking is bad for your health. You'd better . A. set it up B. give it upC. pick it up D. look it up【解析】考察动词短语的用法该句表达建议,由于抽烟有害,建议放弃,不是建立、捡起或查找答案】B4. 根据上下语境来拟定期态在绝大多数情况下,动词的时态是由上下文来决定的,这就规定我们一方面要熟记各种时态的合用范围,另一方面规定我们注意上下文的提醒。
例】—What does Tom's uncle do?—He is a teacher. He physics at a school now. A. will teach B. has taught C. teaches D. taught【解析】考察动词的时态句意:——汤姆的叔叔是干什么的?——他是一名老师他现在在一所学校教物理根据问句时态以及时间状语now可以判断用一般现在时答案】C专项训练1. Tom there for 10 months since he back to his hometown. A. has lived;gets B. has lived;got C. lived;go D. lived;has got 2. —Where is your father?—He Shanghai on business for several days. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has left for3. —Do you know the young man well?—Sure,we friends since we met in Nanjing three years ago. A. have been B. wereC. have made D. have become4. —Let's go to Yang Meikeng to enjoy the cool wind, ? —Good idea. But I am afraid we can't go there if it . A. will you;rains B. will you;will rain C. shall we;will rain D. shall we;rains5. Mr Black Shanghai this afternoon. Do you know when the earliest plane to Shanghai ? A. is leaving for;takes off B. will leave;takes offC. is leaving for;is taking off D. will leave;is taking off6. Tim will call me as soon as he my package. A. receive B. will receiveC. received D. receives7.—Dear,you need to to go to university at home or go abroad. —OK,Mum. I am considering it.A. make an appointment B. make a suggestionC. make a decision8. Don't up English. It's very useful. A. give B. hurry C. stay 9. I need a new jacket. This one doesn't the cold. A. help out B. take awayC. keep out D. give away 10.We have to our sports meeting till next week because of the heavy rain. A. take off B. get offC. put off D. set off11.Chinese people keep pigs for food. But now some people keep them as pets. A. used to B. has to C. had better12. your name on the paper and you can get a gift. A. Cut down B. Look downC. Turn down D. Put down13. He failed in the basketball match and looks sad. Let's . A. put him up B. set him upC. cheer him up D. clean him up14.The sports meeting will be because of the bad weather. A. put on B. put offC. put up D. put down【答案与解析】1. B 解析：考察动词时态的用法。
由连词since引导时间状语从句应当用一般过去时态，主句要用现在完毕时态2. C 解析：考察have/has been in的用法A项到某地去过;B项到某地去了;C项到某地去过一段时间;D项已经离开由句意“他来上海做生意好几天了”判断,应当用has been in3. A 解析：考察动词的辨析用法由从句中的连词判断,从句用一般过去时态,主句用现在完毕时态由于从三年前在南京就是好朋友,不是通过交朋友或成为朋友,所以排除B、C、D三项4. D 解析：考察交际应答和时态的用法疑问句Let's...表达建议,应当用Shall we?来提问应答句是if引导的条件状语从句，根据主将从现原则，故选D5. A 解析：考察动词时态的用法由第一句中的时间状语“this afternoon”判断,谓语动词用现在进行时态表达将要发生的动作,故选is leaving for下一句表达习惯性的动作,应当用一般现在时态6. D 解析：考察动词的时态句意:蒂姆一收到我的包裹就会给我打电话as soon as引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故动词用三单形式7. C 解析：考察动词短语的辨析。
句意:——宝贝,你需要做一个决定,在国内上大学还是出国——好的,妈妈我正在考虑make an appointment约会;make a suggestion提建议;make a decision做决定根据句意选C8. A 解析：考察动词短语辨析give up放弃;hurry up快点;stay up熬夜句意:不要放弃英语,它很重要9. C 解析：考察动词短语的辨析句意:我需要一件新夹克,这一件不能抵挡寒冷help out帮助克服困难;take away带走;keep out挡在外面;give away捐赠根据句意选C10. C 解析：考察动词短语辨析take off起飞;get off下车;put off推迟;set off出发句意:由于下大雨,我们必须推迟运动会到下周只有put off具有“推迟”意思,故选C11. A 解析：考察动词短语的辨析句意:中国人过去喂养猪做食物,但是现在一些人把它们当宠物养used to过去经常;has to不得不;had better最佳根据句意选A12. D 解析：考察动词短语辨析cut down“砍倒”;look down“看不起”;turn down“关上”;put down“写下”。
句意:写下你的名字,你就可以得到一个礼物13. C 解析：考察动词短语辨析put up张贴,搭建;set up建立;cheer up使……振奋;clean up打扫干净根据句意“他篮球赛输了,看起来很伤心”,所以“我们要让他振作起来”14. B 解析：考察动词短语辨析put on穿上;put off推迟,迟延;put up张贴,搭建,put down放下句意:由于坏天气运动会被推迟了。