单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,大学英语四六级辅导概要,作文篇,作文考点,任何一篇四六级作文都包括以下三个基本的考点：,词汇（单词、短语掌握得越多固然越好，但是关键还是取决于考生是否能合理有效的运用如,：This activity has been cancelled,which have made everyone involved hard to believe./It is unbelievable that the activity should have been cancelled.）,语法（时态、搭配、句型、单复数、词性等如,：As is know to all,our human body health consist two aspectsphysically and mentally healthy.）,逻辑、层次（一篇作文能否得高分，逻辑和层次也占有非常重要的地位Sample 1,A career is not easy to choose.It is one of the most important decisions you will make in your life.Find the right career,and you will be happy and successful.Find the wrong career,and you may be unhappy and unsuccessful.You should explore your choice of occupation from every angle.You should collect as much information as you can.You should try different kinds of work before making up your mind.You should evaluate yourself.You should make sure of your interests and talents.,(条理不清，逻辑性差),Sample 2,There are many ways to improve your English.Like many English learners,you can learn English well through some,traditional,ways,such as attending an English class in a classroom,reading English newspapers,listening to English news on the radio or watching English programs on TV.,Nowadays,some,modern,methods may help you be a more successful English learner.For example,learning English via English-learning softwares has been found an effective way by many learners.,Besides,millions of English learners benefit a lot from online learning.As the proverb says,“All roads lead to Rome.”,（主次分明，层次清楚）,考生作文常见错误与分析,一 不一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等,e.g.When one have money,he can do what he want to.(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。
),剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致,改为：Once one has money,he can do what he wants(to do).,二 修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解,e.g.I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.,剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末,三 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清.这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生,e.g There are many ways to know the society.For example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.,剖析：本句后半部分“for example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立,改为：There are many ways to know society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper.,四 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清,e.g.At the age of ten,my grandfather died.,这句中“at the age of ten”只点出十岁时，但没有说明“谁”十岁时按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了,改为:When I was ten,my grandfather died.,五 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等,e.g None can negative the importance of money.,剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。
改为：None can deny the importance of money.,六 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致试看下面这一句：,Mary was friendly to my sister so she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，所以她要她做她的伴娘),读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了这个句子可改为：,Mary was friendly to my sister so she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.,七 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence,请看下面的例句e.g There are many ways we get to know the outside world.,剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.”以及“We get to know the outside world.”。
简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了改为：There are many ways for us to know the outside world.或：There are many ways through which we can know the outside world.,八 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是e.g The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染),剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了另外“the increasing use(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use(滥用)”改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.,九 累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。
写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子如：,In spite of the fact that he is lazy,I like him.,本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness,I like him.,e.g For the people who are diligent and kind,money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.,剖析：整个句子可以大大简化改为：People,diligent and kind,use money only to buy what they need.,十 不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通这也是考生常犯的毛病e.g The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.,剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。
It 与things 在数方面不一致改为：The fresh water is the most important thing in the world.,十一 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误e.gToday,Money to everybody is very importance.,Today,money is very important to everybody.,作文文体,作文可分为四大文体：叙述文，描写文，说明文，议论文Narrative:to tell the reader what happened(facts-telling),Descriptive:to make a picture vivid to the reader(impressive&attractive,but not ordinary),Expositive:to make the reader understand by defining,dividing,illustrating,comparing&contrasting,showing causes&effects,following a process,an。