2023年考研英语考试真题卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that______.A．farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAPB．the deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talksC．the deal was probably a result of pressure from other countriesD．the world's trade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently 2.Ms. Rowling's reading in London's Royal Albert Hall is mentioned to show______.A．publishers are really adventurous in managing the Potter's businessB．businesses involved with Potter are moving along in an unusual wa3'C．the media are promoting Pottermania more actively than HollywoodD．businesses are actually more credible than media in Potter's world 3.When the author says "there will be no escaping Pottermania", he implies that______.A．Harry Potter's appeal for the readers is simply irresistibleB．it is somewhat irrational to be so crazy about the magic boyC．craze about Harry Potter will not be over in the near futureD．Hogwarts school of magic will be the biggest attraction world over 4.It can be concluded from the last paragraph that______.A．products of Potter films have brought enormous profits to WarnerB．current Hollywood's marketing of Potter may damage its potentialC．readers could get tired of Ms. Rowling's writings sooner or laterD．Warner will maintain the same strategy with Potter in future 5.Paragraph 5 intends mainly to show Warner's ______.A．determination to promote PotterB．consistence in conducting businessC．high regard for Ms. Rowling's requestD．careful restrictions on licensing to Coco-Cola 6.The author believes that______.A．Britain's Sunday Times rich list is not very convincing as it soundsB．Time Warner's management of licenses is a bit over-commercialisedC．other firms may produce goods using Harry Potter images at willD．what Ms. Rowling got in return for her offering to Warner is a real bargain 7.Sialic material refers to______.A．the broken ,rock resulting from the impact of a meteorite against the earthB．material that exists on planets other than the earthC．a composite of rock typical of continental areas of the earthD．material that is man-made to simulate materials that existed far back in geological history 8.The passage is primarily concerned with______.A．the origin of continentsB．the relationship between astral phenomena and the moonC．differences of opinion among authoritative geologistsD．the relationship between asteroids and meteorites 9.A mare basin is______.A．a formula for determining the relationship between the depth and width of cratersB．a valley that is filled in when a spatial body has impact with the moon or the earthC．a planetoid(small planet)created when a meteorite, upon striking the moon, breaks off a Part of the moonD．a dark spot on the moon, once supposed to be a sea, now a plain 10.In asserting that the organic model might be "more serviceable to the restoratioulsts" (Para. 3), the author implies that______.A．the descriptions by Turner and Jordan of the restorationists program conform more closely to the organic model than to the community-participation modelB．the organic model is more consistent than the community-participation model with the principle of restorationC．the organic model is more consistent with the restorationists' agenda than with the preservationists' programD．holistic models are more useful to the restorationists than is the dualist model 11.The writer does not believe that______.A．an asteroid is larger than a meteoriteB．material from space, upon hitting the earth, was eventually distributedC．the earth, at one time, had cratersD．oceans were formerly craters 12.The theory that ocean basins were caused by meteoroid impact______.A．has fallen into wide dispute ever since it was proposedB．fails to explain how continents were originated and have changedC．was discarded as unacceptable immediately after it was proposedD．rightly explains the formation of most of the ocean basins 13.The restorationists and dominationists differ with respect to all of the following EXCEPT______.A．their conception of the role that humans play in the worldB．their level of awareness regarding the environmental consequences of human activityC．their view as to what kind of restrictions on human manipulation of nature are reasonableD．their degree of awareness of the disastrous effect of human activities on nature 14.The author's primary criticism of the restorationists is that______.A．they assign to humans a controlling role in the wordB．they reject the most workable model for both humans and natureC．their critique of preservationism is not well supportedD．their program does not coincide with their principles 15.Which of the following best expresses the function of the first paragraph in relation to the passage as a wholeA．To establish the parameters of a following debate about man's role in nature.B．To identify problem areas within a school of thought, which are then explored in greater detail.C．To discuss secondary issues as an introduction to a more detailed examination of a primary issue.D．To provide a historical background for a discussion of modern-day issues of public concern. 16.The author would probably agree that preservationists______.A．are not critical engugh of those who have robbed the natural worldB．base their ideas on an unhealthy dualismC．have the same basic mind-set as the industrial mainstreamD．have been unfairly criticized by restorationists 17.The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to______.A．cut down research costsB．keep up with current developmentsC．spend less time travelingD．develop their ideas more quickly 18.In the writer's opinion, interdisciplinary studies are important because they______.A．encourage scholars to concentrate on their own specialisationsB．allow scholars to Change disciplines more easilyC．make scholars aware of problems outside their own fieldD．allow overworked scholars to relax 19.Developments in international co-operation are often, it is suggested, the result ofA．articles in learned journalsB．programmes initiated by governmentsC．friendships formed by scholars at meetingsD．the work of international agencies 20.The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because______.A．their fellow experts are scattered around the WorldB．their laboratories are in remote placesC．there are so many people working in similar fieldsD．textbooks have wide circulation 21.What in the writer's opinion, happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleaguesA．He gains recognition for his achievements.B．He attracts large numbers of students.C．He risks his ideas being stolen.D．He is considered slightly mad. 22.The decline of PC market last year was triggered by______.A．the collapse of chip marketB．the bursting of IT bubbleC．the 9. 11 terrorist attacksD．the barely recovered loss market 23.The recovery of demand for microchips is______.A．contrary to expectationsB．far from certainC．not so quick as expectedD．at a record-breaking speed 24.The author mentioned Intel in order to______.A．explain the recovery in demand for chips still takes time.B．show the chip market is not so gloomy as some economists predicted.C．illustrate Intel is the only chipmaker not affected by the tough market.D．tell Intel' s sales rise is mainly attributable to its monopoly of the market. 25.Dan Niles thinks that the PC market______.A．has an uncertain prospectB．is going to recover soonC．is to improve everywhere in the yearD．remains tough until the end of the year 26.According to the passage, a rebound in chip sales depends on______.A．an increase in productionB．an upturn in computer salesC．the development of new PCsD．the ability to replace outdated equipment 27.Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Reading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 After the terrorist attacks in America last September, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines’ third-party terror and war liabilities to $ 50m per airline, per event. Under pressure from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines’ war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the month. The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EU’s transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and re-insurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably. However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $ 50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September l lth. Even if the market could offer sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with. In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack. In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name Equitime, representatives of airlines, insurers and the American government are setting up an insurance vehicle to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the fund’s excess risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew. Setting something up will take time, So, to bridge the gap, governments will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines’ war and terrorist risk for some time to come.By "terrorist risk became the pariah of perils" (Paragraph 1), the author means（）A．airline disasters severely affected the mutual fund.B．terrorist risk was the chief concern for governments.C．insurance companies refused to pay their premiums.D．terrorist liabilities are not accepted by insurance companies.28.Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Reading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 After the terrorist attacks in America last September, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines’ third-party terror and war liabilities to $ 50m per airline, per event. Under pressure from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines’ war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the month. The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EU’s transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and re-insurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably. However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $ 50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September l lth. Even if the market could offer sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with. In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack. In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name Equitime, representatives of airlines, insurers and the American government are setting up an insurance vehicle to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the fund’s excess risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew. Setting something up will take time, So, to bridge the gap, governments will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines’ war and terrorist risk for some time to come.When mentioning "$ 50m per airline, per 'event'" (Paragraph 1), the writer is talking about（）A．the gap between insurance and reinsurance.B．the liabilities attributed to terrorists.C．the fund guaranteed by governments.D．the cover for third-party terrorist risk.29.Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Reading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 After the terrorist attacks in America last September, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines’ third-party terror and war liabilities to $ 50m per airline, per event. Under pressure from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines’ war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the month. The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EU’s transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and re-insurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably. However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $ 50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September l lth. Even if the market could offer sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with. In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack. In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name Equitime, representatives of airlines, insurers and the American government are setting up an insurance vehicle to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the fund’s excess risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew. Setting something up will take time, So, to bridge the gap, governments will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines’ war and terrorist risk for some time to come.How does the writer feel about the present situation（）A．Anxious.B．Tolerant.C．Amazed.D．Indifferent.30.Text 2 The European Union’s Barcelona summit, which ended on March 16th, was played out against the usual backdrop of noisy anti-globalisation demonstrations and massive security. If nothing else, the demonstrations illustrated that economic liberalization in Europe -- the meeting’s main topic -- presents genuine political difficulties. Influential sections of public opinion continue to oppose anything that they imagine threatens social Europe, the ideal of a cradle-to-grave welfare state. In this climate of public opinion, it is not surprising that the outcome in Barcelona was modest. The totemic issue was opening up Europe’s energy markets. The French government has fought hard to preserve a protected market at home {or its state-owned national champion, Electricite de France (EDF). At Barcelona it made a well-flagged tactical retreat. The summiteers concluded that from 2004 industrial users across Europe would be able to choose from competing energy suppliers, which should account for at least 600% of the market. Since Europe’s energy market is worth 350 billion ( $ 309 Billion) a year and affects just about every business, this is a breakthrough. But even the energy deal has disappointing aspects. Confining competition to business users makes it harder to show that economic liberalization is the friend rather than the foe of the ordinary person. It also allows EDF to keep its monopoly in the most profitable chunk of the French market. In other areas, especially to do with Europe’s tough labor markets, the EU is actually going backwards. The summiteers declared that disincentives against taking up jobs should be removed; 20m jobs should be created within the EU by 2010. But only three days after a Barcelona jamboree, the European Commission endorsed a new law that would give all temporary-agency workers the same rights as full-timers within six weeks of getting their feet under the desk. Six out of 20 commissioners did, unusually, vote against the measure -- a blatant piece of re-regulation -- but the social affairs commissioner, Anna Diamantopoulou, was unrepentant, indeed triumphant. A dissatsified liberaliser in the commission called the directive an absolute disaster. The summit’s other achievements are still more fragile. Europe’s leaders promised to increase spending on research and development from its current figure of 1.9% of GDP a year to 3%. But how will European politicians compe。