Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,(九)动词的时态和语态,一、一般、进行、完成的含义,第一页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分二、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别,比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：,第二页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分三、一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别,1.一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去,某一时刻而言两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成,时来说，这一个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念赖以,建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准2.过去完成时的时间状语常用by和before引导的短语表示，如by,that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time句子等四、过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别,比较下面的说法，体会两种时态的不同：,第三页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分。
五、动词时态的一些典型用法,1.在条件状语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果主句,是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将,来时Ill not go unless Im invited.,Tell him the news as soon as he comes.,2.“used to/would动词原形”可以表示过去经常或习惯性的动作Often at night she would hear a long low whistle and the sound of,a metallic noise.,3.“be to do”表示拟定或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须,去做的事情；“be about to do”表示即将发生的事，句中一般不,使用时间状语All the questions are to be answered at once.,No one is to leave the room without permission.,第四页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分4.一般过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这,样”I didnt know you were here.我不知道你在这里。
I never thought he would do that.我从没想到他会做出这样的事5.表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope，expect，mean，intend，,want，think，suppose，want等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实,现的愿望或意图I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.,我本希望在上海多看看但未能如愿),I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment.,我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了第五页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分6.某些固定句式中的动词时态1)This/It is the first/second.timethat从句that从句一般用现,在完成时，如果把前边的is改为was，则that从句用过去完成时This is the first time I have come here.,It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.,(2)It is/has been一段时间since 从句。
since从句中一般用过,去时，如果将前边的is改为was，则since从句中用过去完成时It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.,(3)be about to do.when.意为“即将(这时)突然”I was about to go out when the telephone rang.,第六页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分4)be(was/were)doing.when.意为“正在干(这时)突然”They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.,(5)Hardly had.done.when.；No sooner had.done.than.意为,“刚就”Hardly(No sooner),had,_,I,_,got,home when(than)the rain,poured,down.,(6)Itbe一段时间before从句,如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来，意为多长时间,以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为,多长时间后发生了某事It wont be long before he succeeds.,It was ten years before they met again.,第七页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分。
六、短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态,The doctor has been sent for.已经派人请大夫去了Time must be made good use of.时间一定要充分利用Bad habits have been done away with.,坏习惯已经改掉了七、get过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化,The patient got treated once a week.,那位病人一周得到一次治疗八、主动形式表被动意义,1.系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove，appear形容,词/名词构成的系表结构The steel feels cold.,His plan proved(to be)practical.,第八页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词如begin，finish，start，open，,close，stop，end，shut，run，move等Work began at 7 oclock this morning.,The shop closes at 6 day.,3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。
如read，write，act，sell，,wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut，dry，eat，,drink这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干Your speech reads well.你的演说讲得好Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔好写第九页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义如print，,build，cook，fry，hang，build，makeThe books are printing.这本书正在排印中The meat is cooking.在煮肉5.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit，have，wish，,cost，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，,suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to等如：,This key just fits the lock.,Your story agrees with what has already been heard.,第十页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分。
6.介词in，on，under等名词构成介词短语表被动意义如：,under control受控制,under treatment在治疗中,under repair在修理中,under discussion在讨论中,under construction在施工中,beyond belief令人难以置信,beyond ones reach鞭长莫及,beyond ones control无法控制,for rent出租,in print 在印刷中,第十一页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分in sight 在视野范围内,on sale出售,on show 展出,on trial受审,out of control控制不了,out of sight 超出视线之外,out of ones reach够不着,The building is under construction.,His honest character is beyond all praise.,Today some treasures are on show in the museum.,第十二页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分过关落实,1.The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.,A.sold B.had been sold,C.were sold D.would sell,解析：,由“时态一致”原则可知，应该使用一般过去时态，又因,“花”和“卖”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
答案：,C,2.Is there anything wrong，Bob?You look sad.,Oh，nothing much.In fact，I _ of my friends back,home.,A.have just thought B.was just thinking,C.would just think D.will just be thinking,解析：,说话人说刚才在思念家乡的朋友，故用过去进行时答案：,B,第十三页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分3.Tom，you didnt come to the party last night?,I _，but I suddenly remembered I had homework to,do.,A.had to B.didnt,C.was going to D.wouldnt,解析：,was going to表示本打算做某事，而实际上没做答案：,C,4.Did you see a man in black pants pass by just now?,No，sir.I _ a newspaper.,A.read B.was reading,C.would read D.am reading,解析：,句意为“没看见，先生。
我刚才正在读报纸故用过,去进行时答案：,B,第十四页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分5._ you _ him around the museum yet?,Yes.We had a great time there.,A.Have；shown B.Do；show,C.Had；shown D.Did；show,解析：,用现在完成时询问已经发生的事情，语气委婉，用一般,过去时回答对方的询问，显得简明答案：,A,6.I have got a headache.,No wonder.You _ in front of that computer too long.,A.work B.are working,C.have been working D.worked,解析：,现在完成进行时表示动作一直在持续答案：,C,第十五页，编辑于星期四：二十二点 四十四分7.It was really very kind of you to give me a lift 。