英语语音知识1. 元音：单元音（12）：/ i: / i / e / [æ] / a: / / : / u / u: / / / : / 双元音（8）：/ ei / ai / i / i / u /ε/ u / au /2. 辅音：（24）按声带震动与否为：清音：/ p / t / k / f / s / / h / θ / t / tr / ts /浊音：/ b / d / g / v / z / m / n / / / /dr / dz / r / w / j / l /3. 音节：一个元音，或一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合称为音节[m, n, l, N]和辅音音素结合，也可以构成一个音节 有几个元音就有几个音节开音节：绝对开音节：辅音字母 + 元音字母相对开音节：元音字母 + 辅音字母（除r）+ e （不发音）在重读开音节中，元音字母都读作字母的发音 闭音节：元音字母 + 辅音字母（除r）在重读闭音节中，元音字母a读作/A /， e 读作/ e /，I (y)读作/ I /，o读作/ R /，u读作/ u / 或 / Q /.（重读闭音节三要素：1. 必须是重读音节； 2. 最后只有一个辅音字母；3. 元音字母发短元音。
音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅音时，一个辅音属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅音时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅音属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er字母组合不能分开，必须划在一个音节内，如：ch, th, sh, ph, tr, dr4．单词重音：在多音节或双音节词中，有一个读得特别响亮的音节，叫做重读音节除了一些复合词外，一般说来，每个单词只有一个重读音节，重读音节用重音符号"’"来表示单音节词不标重音符号，但必须重读双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节例如：´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。
双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变例如：a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读例如：´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读例如：scien´tific im´pression ´nation 英语的基本拼读规则总规则：1. 元音字母在重读开音节中一般读“字母”音；在闭音节中读“短”音 2．元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]但：yellow sparrow tomorrow everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[:] 1．元音字母a及其字母组合的读音 元音字母和字母组合读 音说 明例 词例 外a[ei]在重读开音节中grade，face，table，namehave [æ] operate liberate hibernate[ei] hesitate celebtate[æ]在重读闭音节中map，practice，that，plan，hand []w+awatch, what，wash，walletwater [:][α:] a-n, ss sp sk st th fanswer, grant, class, grasp, basket，fast，bath，aftersand, stand land band [æ] [e:] many anyai，ay[ei]在重读音节中straight，afraid，paint，rain [i]在非重读音节中Monday，mountain，holiday，captainweekday[ ei] birthday[ ei]air[ε]在重读音节中repair，chair，hair，stair al[:][:l][α:]在n./ v. 中在副词中a-f/mchalk，call，small，walk talkalso, always, already,half; calmsalt[:l ]ar[α:][:]在重读音节中w/wh-arparty，artist，farm，cardWar, warm,toward, quarter various are[ε]在重读音节中glare，care，stare，dare au/ augh[:]August，autumn cause caughtaunt, laugh [α:] Australia[]aw[:]draw，law，saw 2．元音字母e及其字母组合的读音元音字母和字母组合读 音说 明例 词例 外e[i:]在重读开音节中complete，even，these， [e]在重读闭音节中better，enter，freshpretty[ i ]ea[e]breath，head，ready，dead [i:]breathe，season，least，deal，mean meant[e] dreamt[i]really，real，theatre, ideareality ocean [ei]great，break ee[i:]greet，deep，keep，meet ei[i:]/ei//s/-eireceive，seize, ceilingeight height[hait] eitherer[:]在重读音节中verb，her，term，serveclerk[α:]ear[i]dear， clear，near，hear heard [:][:]search，learn，earth，earnheart [α:][ε]bear, wear, peareer[i]pioneer，deer engineer ew[ju:]few, new[u]l, r, j-ewblew, threw, grew, Jew sew [ou]-ed[t]前面是清辅音（[t]除外）jumped，talked，worked，helped [d]前面是浊辅音（[d]除外）或元音loved，answered， closed， stayed [id]前面是[t]或[d]needed，shouted，skated 3．元音字母i及其字母组合的读音元音字母和字母组合读 音说 明例 词例 外i（y）[ai]在重读开音节中Friday，fine，drivegive, live, lively, satellite[i]在重读闭音节中strict，think，artistwild[waild] wind, climb, sign (signal ), design[i:]machine, policeie[ai]在重读词尾lie，tie，die，pie [i:]believe，piece，fieldfriend[e] quiet[ ai],society,experienceir[:]girl，bird，first，birth igh[ai]fight，right，tight，night ild[aild]wild，child，mild ire[ai]admire，hire，fire, entire ind[aind]behind，find，kindwind [wind]ing[i]sing, ring 4．元音字母o及其字母组合的读音元音字母和字母组合读 音说 明例 词例 外o[ou]在重读开音节中在某些词的词尾spoke，pole，noteenvelope，piano， photo，radioimprove[im5pru:v], , love[] gone[]whose[hu:z], lose[lu:z], tomb[tu:m], prove[pru:v][]在重读闭音节中monument，along，shop，cloth []-m,n,v,thworry，another，son，monkey donkey, nonsense [][u]woman，wolf，into oa[ou]coat，boat，road，coalbroad[:]oi，oy[i]noise，enjoy，choice，boy oo[u:]-l,m,n结尾浊辅音-oo-清辅音/ 清-oo-浊school，soon，fool，food, roof, boot wool[u]oo-k清-oo清 / 浊-oo浊book，look，good，foot, good, wood shoot[u:] troop比较：loose // lose[]flood，blood or[:]在重读音节中worn，horse [:]w-orworld，work，worse ou[au]mouse，ground，south [ou]soul， shoulder, though[u]should, could, would [u:]youth，group，wound []trouble，touch，country,enough cough[]ow[au]down，town，how，allowknowledge[][ou]snow，grow，window ough[:]bought， thought，oughtplough[plau] through[ u:]our[au]在重读音节中flour，hour，ourtour[tu][:]在重读音节中four，pour，coursejourney[:]5．元音字母u及其字母组合的读音 元音字母和字母组合读 音说 明例 词例 外u[ju:]在重读开音节中student，use，pupil，hugesugar[ u ][]在重读闭音节中but，cut，up，hurrytruth[ u: ] busy[ i ][]在某些非重读音节中autumn，difficult，successinstitute[ju:], communism ur[:]hurt，nurse，turn，burnhurry[]ure[ju]pure, cure, sure [ u ]6．辅音字母的读音 辅音字母和字母组合读 音说 明例 词例 外b[b]bike bus bag[/]bomb tombc[k]cake picture coat music[s] c-e/i/yface decide cinemach[]much chick rich teacher[k]school headache chemistry[]machine Chicago-ck[k]cock pocket black knockd[d]doctor bread hand day-dge[]bridge fridgedr-[dr]children driver drinkf[f]five four breakfastg[] bag gardon go[]-eorange large German[f]cough enoughgh[/]light daughter highgu- -gue []在词首/词尾guess league dialogue[w]在词中language h[h]hot head house hand[/]hour honestj[]jeep jar joke join Julyk[k]kind bike skate make weekkn-[n]knife know knockl[l]life milk school tallm[m]monkey come autumn-mn[m]autumn column solemnn[n]not shine ten note[]n-[k]/ [g]uncle thank hungry-ng[]morning young wrongp[p]paper plane pig ship penph[f]elephant photo telephoneq[k]Irau-[kw]quality quiter[r]red rubber rulers （词中）[s]在词首或清辅音前sit sleep deskpurpose house(s) promise insist basin person[z]元音字母间或浊辅音前music husbandS（词尾）[s]清辅音之后Stops, books [z]浊辅音/元音之后Zoos, questions[iz] [, s, ]-esBoxes, watches[z]th-sbaths mouths youthsmaths[θs] months lengths clothes[z] clothing [i]sc-[sk]Scare[s]muscle sciencesh[]she fish shirt washsion[n] 辅音-sionImpression, comprehension[n]元音字母-sionvision decision occasiontion[n]Nation, revolution[n] s-tionQuestion, suggestiont[t] ten letter meettch[]watchth[θ]实词中 thin thirty methodsmooth[]在虚词中/ - [] the these with mother thistr-[tr]tree train country truckv[v]very voice love leavew[w]week win wake sweet wait[/]answer twowh-[w]what when white why[h]wh- o who whose wholex[ks]box text exercise[gz]examle exist exactwr-[r]writey-[j]yes yard yellow youngz[z]puzzle zero zoo单词辨音练习1. honest A. hope B. holiday C. hello D. hotel2. important A. information B. neighbour C. perform D. forbid3. father A. faster B. famous C. fall D. factory4. admit A. bicycle B. active C. beside D. knife5. endeavour A. journey B. course C. court D. honour6. headache A. cheat B. machine C. school D. cheery7. southern A. thirteen B. south C. fourth D. neither8. whole A. wheat B. while C. whose D. white9. exactly A. exercise B. except C. expect D. examination10. heavy A. break B. bread C. deal D. cheap11. traveler A. service B. performance C. certain D. servant12. around A. moustache B. announce C. group D. young13. fresh A. electric B. escape C. equality D. entire14. certainly A. rely B. really C. terrify D. try15. condition A. suggestion B. question C. conclusion D. congratulation16. climb A. beauty B. comb C. border D. behind17. remain A. Britain B. certain C. explain D. captain18. removed A. suffered B. laughed C. advanced D. shocked19. dollars A. roofs B. pillows C. groups D. ports20. laughter A. enough B. thought C. plough D. through21. courage A. ground B. double C. loud D. mouth22. brown A. low B. town C. know D. knowledge23. student A. busy B. ruler C. July D. music24. waist A. portrait B. captain C. Britain D. plain25. strength A. bathe B. though C. breathe D. mouth26. term A. understand B. whisper C. water D. certainly27. bear A. near B. search C. early D. pear28. ocean A. concert B. century C. official D. coast29. sew A. result B. saw C. sure D. sugar30. salt A. chalk B. calm C. almost D. half31. language A. dance B. trunk C. many D. money32. compare A. scare B. inspire C. admire D. enquire33. advanced A. entrance B. salute C. fortunate D. task34. lock A. prove B. London C. longer D. lonely35. Canada A. majority B. balance C. advanced D. dangerous36. fever A. president B. electric C. fresh D. frequently37. cousin A. thirsty B. resist C. anxious D. universe38. worm A. lord B. storm C. worry D. worthy39. trousers A. dozens B. requests C. desks D. lakes40. praise A. fairy B. remain C. said D. prairie41. April A. parent B. basin C. grasp D. wallet42. excuse A. use B. truth C. truck D. jump43. possible A. electric B. expensive C. technique D. electricity44. foreign A. ceiling B. volleyball C. weight D. receive45. academy A. recite B. recognize C. fresh D. cruelty46. whose A. town B. whom C. wonder D. woman47. tower A. tomorrow B. throw C. slowly D. how48. pleasant A. pleased B. pleasure C. peaceful D. break49. nation A. nature B. natural C. national D. candle50. repeat A. already B. bread C. defeat D. great51. month A. government B. common C. along D. monument52. absorb A. worm B. favor C. north D. emperor53. fought A. brought B. rough C. country D. trouble54. pause A. restaurant B. aunt C. mauve D. automobile55. watched A. realized B. practised C. whispered D. pleased56. revision A. possession B. expression C. television D. permission57. object A. mother B. ocean C. observe D. obvious58. telegraph A. grammar B. breakfast C. broadcast D. manage59. duty A. education B. ruler C. blue D. jump60. silence A. practise B. silk C. decide D. astonish61. patient A. friend B. achieve C. field D. ancient62. Thursday A. surround B. nurse C. surprise D. pursuit63. hour A. journey B. court C. tour D. ourselves64. chocolate A. machine B. cheek C. character D. stomach65. strength A. northern B. worthy C. theory D. thus66. passenger A. vegetable B. guess C. figure D. together 67. throughout A. naughty B. cough C. enough D. laugh68. question A. resolution B. revision C. suggestion D. possession69. material A. grammar B. grandson C. basket D. majority70. cautious A. curious B. ambitious C. obviously D. various71. moustache A. machine B. church C. match D. chalk72. many A. anything B. library C. canal D. important73. comparison A. quality B. quantity C. quarrel D. national74. childhood A. cool B. food C. wood D. fool75. woman A. wolf B. lose C. improve D. tomb76. politics A. tongue B. province C. wonder D. otherwise77. fortunately A. temperature B. graduate C. classmate D. headache78. frequently A. serious B. period C. material D. theme79. poster A. remove B. progress C. house D. ground80. assistant A. physics B. observe C. nervous D. museum81. exhibition A. exercise B. exist C. example D. examine82. mean A. measure B. European C. breath D. meantpete A. immediately B. destroy C. research D. system84. length A. southern B. nevertheless C. strengthen D. worthy85. whereas A. thirsty B. dynasty C. statistics D. hesitate86. dreadful A. steak B. decrease C. breast D. peanut87. explanation A. exhibition B. expression C. expand D. exact88. grade A．temperature B．classmate C．necklace D．fortunate89．south A．courage B．soup C．southern D．trousers90．smooth A．feather B．tooth C．thief D．warmth91.branch A. advantage B. quantity C. fortunate D. baggage92.beyond A. rocket B. compass C. handsome D. holy93.goose A. booklet B. goods C. foolish D. foot94. measure A. conclusion B. discussion C. Asian D. expression95. official A. cigarette B. precious C. cubic D. recently。