Unit 3 Inventors and inventions话题词汇1．breakthrough n．突破；重大进展2．convenience n．便利；方便3．electronic adj.电子的4．intelligent adj.智能的5．invention n．发明；创造6．technical adj.技术的；工艺的7．be in the lead领先8．follow the fashion追随时尚9．in the field of science在科学领域10．with the development of 随着……的发展话题佳作假设你是李华，你的朋友Jim来信询问有关车轮的情况请你根据下表所提供的信息给他写一封回信，简要介绍车轮的发明及其影响，并谈一谈你对车轮的看法最早出现时间大约6 500年前最早出现地点亚洲发 展由仅用于运输重物发展为用于轮式车辆；由木制发展为钢制影 响使人可以快速搬动大大超过自身重量的物体；促成多种技术的发展与进步佳作欣赏Dear Jim，I’m happy to receive your letter.Now I’d like to talk about the wheel.Researchers have proved that the first wheel was invented about 6,500 years ago in Asia.At first，it was only a tool invented to help people transport heavy things till it became a part of a vehicle.The material of making the wheel has changed from wood to steel.It not only makes it possible for people to move the things much heavier than themselves quickly but also helps with the development of several kinds of technologies.I believe the invention of the wheel also makes the development of human society faster.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua名师点睛本文结构如下：1.指出说明对象——车轮的发明。
2.围绕要点进行说明：(1)最早出现的时间及地点；(2)制作材料与用途的发展变化；(3)对世界的影响3.个人评价文中不仅出现了宾语从句、时间状语从句、过去分词短语作定语、it作形式宾语等复杂句式，还使用了at first，not only...but also等过渡性词汇，使文章条理清晰，读起来更加流畅A．写作必记单词1．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的(1)Please come to my assistance if it is convenient for you.(填代词)→Please come to my assistance at your convenience.(同义句转换)(2)The office is furnished with all modern conveniences(便利设施)．2．passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的3．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺；(疾病)侵袭(1)The child was seized with a light fever.这个孩子有点发烧2)He seized the pickpocket by the collar.(填介词)4．file n．文件；档案；文件夹；vt.提交；将……归档5．freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的freezing cold极冷的burning hot炽热的6．bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担(1)He can’t bear being laughed/to be laughed(laugh) at.(2)Bear in mind(记住) that success comes from hard work.7．current n．(水或气)流；电流；adj.现在的；当前的currency n．货币；通货8．associate vt.联想；联系；n.同伴；伙伴He was associated with the murder，so he was arrested.(同义句转换)→Associated with the murder，he was arrested.→Associating himself with the murder，he was arrested.9．practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的practice vt.& vi.& n．实践；练习B．阅读识记单词10．distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别(1)distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的；高贵的；有尊严的(2)Distinguished for his knowledge of economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(填介词)(3)It’s important to distinguish right from wrong.(填介词)11．merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的out of mercy出于仁慈at the mercy of任由……摆布show mercy to/have mercy on同情……12．product n．产品produce vt.生产13．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地14．caution n．小心；谨慎(1)cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的(2)with caution小心地15．expectation n．预料；期待；期望(1)beyond one’s expectation出乎某人的预料(2)People select news in expectation of (期望；等待) a reward.(2015·江苏)16．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地17．valid adj.有效的；确凿的18．ripe adj.熟的；成熟的19．identification n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别identified adj.被识别的；经鉴定的20．innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的innocence n．清白；无罪；天真21．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的22．tap vt.& vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲；n.轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头23．stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的stability n．稳定；安定；稳定性24．extension n．分机；扩大；延伸25．competence n．能力；胜任；本领competent adj.能胜任的；有能力的；称职的1．call up给……打ring back回复ring off挂断2．now and then偶尔；有时3．set about (doing) 开始(做)；着手(做)set out (to do)开始(做)4．dive into迅速把手伸入；一心投入5．hang on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住hang up挂断6．out of order次序颠倒；发生故障in order按顺序；井然有序7．get through设法联系上(尤指打通)；(设法)做完；通过1．Prepared with some research findings，I decided on three possible approaches：...经过一番研究准备之后，我决定了三种可能的方法：……2．But once picked up，they tried to bite me.但是它们一旦被捡起来，就试图咬我。
3．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有你获得那种认证之后，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者4．Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的头脑用法点拨“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”为常见句型该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示Work hard，and you will succeed.(同义句转换)→Working hard，you will succeed.→If you work hard，you will succeed.Ⅰ.教材与语法填空When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.on the phone，she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes 2.seemed(seem) to have made their home there.The writer felt proud and considered 3.it a chance for her to distinguish herself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.She set about 4.researching(research) the habits of snakes.She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught.5.However，her first two plans were not successful.As 6.a result，she had to attempt a 7.third time，which helped her fulfill her aim 8.successfully(success).9.Pressed(press) by her friends and relations，she decided to send her 10.invention(invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.Ⅱ.教材与短文改错Alexander Graham Bell born in 1847 in Scotland.When he was young，his family moves to Boston，USA.His mother was almost entire deaf.After that，he became interested in help deaf people communicate and in deaf education.He found that by pressing his lips against his mother’s forehead，he could make the bones move in so a way that she could understand that he was saying.It was his exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit which led to his inventions.What’s more，he was in the truth a continuing searcher.I improved the quality of everybody’s life by finding much practical solutions.答案Alexander Graham Bell born in 1847 in Scotland.When he was young，his family to Boston，USA.His mother was almost deaf.After that，he became interested in deaf people communicate and in deaf education.He found that by pressing his lips against his mother’s forehead，he could make the bones move in a way that she could understand he was saying.It was his exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit led to his inventions.What’s more，he was in the truth a continuing searcher. improved the quality of everybody’s life by finding practical solutions.Ⅲ.教材与微写作写作素材(关于专利)1．Thomas先生是一个谨慎的商人，他的产品获得了专利。
2．但是，后来他发现他的产品没有达到标准3．他抓住机会着手来改善产品4．他希望自己的产品能经受得住检验5．他也希望他的收入会稳定增长提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，that引导的宾语从句连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Mr.Thomas，who was a cautious businessman，got a patent for his products.But later he found his products didn’t live up to their criteria.He seized the chance and set out to improve them.He expected that his products could bear the tests and that his income would have a stable increase. Ⅰ.阅读理解(2016·山东济南山师大附中模拟)We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells—but what about the less famous inventors？What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?Joan McLean thinks so.In fact，McLean，a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range，feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning “who” invented “what”，however，McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions.According to McLean，“When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention，” said Tommy Lee，a senior physics major，“I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.So，just what is the story behind the windshield wiper？Well，Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy，but Anderson still wanted to see the sights，so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield，she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a builtin device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham，Alabama，Anderson started drafting out solutions.One of her ideas，a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside，became the first windshield wiper.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A．Morgan’s traffic light.It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J．Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?语篇解读 我们只知道著名的发明家爱迪生和贝尔，可是交通信号灯、雨刮器等的发明者没有太大的名气，但这无数的小发明对人类十分有益。
1．By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”，the author indicates that countless inventions are .A．beneficial，because their inventors are famousB．beneficial，though their inventors are less famousC．not useful，because their inventors are less famousD．not useful，though their inventors are famous答案 B解析 推理判断题由文章最后一段第一句“Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器这些小的发明使我们受益由第一段可知信号灯和雨刮器等的发明者不怎么出名，故选B项2．Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to .A．add colour and variety to students’ campus lifeB．inform students of the windshield wiper’s inventionC．carry out the requirements by Mountain UniversityD．prepare students to try their own inventions答案 D解析 细节理解题。
由第二段最后一句“When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”可知应选D项3．Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was .A．not eventually accepted by the umbrella producerB．inspired by the story behind the windshield wiperC．due to his dream of being caught in a rainstormD．not related to Professor Joan McLean’s lectures答案 B解析 细节理解题由第三段中Tommy Lee的话“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention...I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.”可知他的发明是因为受到了雨刮器的发明故事的启发。
4．Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A．How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?B．How to Design a Builtin Device for Cleaning the Window?C．Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?D．Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?答案 C解析 标题归纳题全文讲述一些小的发明，其发明者虽不为人知，却非常有益，借以鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，故选C项其他选项都比较片面Ⅱ.七选五How to Overcome Challenges in Your LifeWe all face tough and difficult challenges in life.To overcome challenges you need to have that “never quit” attitude in life.If you develop it，you’ll overcome quite a bit.Motivate yourself.Say “YES，I CAN.” The challenge should bring out the best of you in this situation.Slow it down，and think that process through. 1 If you develop that mindset(心态)，you’ll get it done. 2 Remain calm when you’re facing serious troubles and problems in life.You have to recollect yourself，and calm down.You can’t solve problems when you’re panicking.Take a deep breath，relax，and slow it down.Think things through calmly.Let failure and fear fuel you in a positive way.Everyone fails at times.If you fail the first，second，or third time，don’t give up. 3 Learn what made you fail at overcoming these challenges.Simplify the challenge you’re facing.Make the challenge easier than it is. 4 As you get through each step，you develop more confidence and you believe you can get it done，and then you will.Stay positive and confident. 5 You have to find out all the ways you can use to overcome it，and put them to full use with all your effort.It’s our own mental stability that’s the difficult part.When you do it mentally，you’ll actually be able to do it.A．Stay calm and cool headed.B．Think the best，not the worst.C．Start by breaking it down into steps.D．To overcome a challenge，you have to believe you can really do it.E．Most people will avoid any challenge，because they’re scared of failing.F．Develop that confidence in saying there’s no way you’re going to fail at this.G．Pick yourself up，and learn from why you’ve failed，and move on in a positive direction.1．答案 F解析 本段讲要激励自己，要对自己说我能行，不要着急，发挥最好的自己。
如果有这种心态事情就能成功F项：用这种方法来增加自信就不会失败此句话承上启下，故选F2．答案 A解析 本段主要讲遇事要冷静及具体实施办法A项：保持镇静，头脑清醒，能概括全段内容适合作标题3．答案 G解析 本段讲用积极的态度面对失败上句讲如果失败几次，不要放弃G项：重新爬起，从失败中学习然后朝着积极的方向前行与上句连接，告诉了我们具体办法，故选G4．答案 C解析 本段讲简化面对的挑战使困难变容易些，当通过每一步的时候你就会有更大的信心相信自己能行，你就会成功C项：从把挑战分解成几个小的步骤开始连接前后，故选C5．答案 D解析 本段讲要保持积极的态度和信心下文讲要找到解决问题的方法，用头脑全力以赴去解决问题D项：为了战胜挑战你必须相信你能行符合本段意思且连接前后，故选DⅢ.完形填空(2017·湖北省重点中学模拟)One day I went to a store to get some needed items for my family.I gathered up my goodies and headed for the 1 counter，only to be 2 in the narrow aisle(通道) by a young man who 3 to be about sixteen years old.I wasn’t in a hurry，so I 4 waited for the boy to realize that I was there.It was obvious now，he was mentally 5 and a little shocked as he turned and saw me standing so 6 to him，waiting to 7 .I said，“Hey Buddy，what’s your name？”“My name is Denny and I’m 8 with my Mommy，” he responded proudly.“Wow，” I said，“that’s a(n) 9 name; I wish my name was Denny，but my name is Steve.How old are you Denny？” “How old am I now，Mommy？” he asked his mother as she slowly 10 from the next aisle.“You’re fifteen years old，Denny.”Then he headed toward the toy section.Denny’s mom 11 me for taking the time to talk with her son.She told me that most people wouldn’t 12 look at him，much less talk to him.I told her that it was my 13 and that there are plenty of red，yellow，and pink roses in God’s Garden; 14 ，“Blue Roses” are very 15 and should be appreciated 16 their beauty and distinctiveness.You see，Denny is a Blue Rose and 17 someone doesn’t stop and 18 that rose with their heart and touch that rose with their kindness，then they’ve 19 a blessing from God.So，the next time you see a BLUE ROSE，don’t turn your head and walk off. 20 to smile and say Hello.语篇解读 本文讲述作者一次购物经历中碰到的一个孩子。
世界上有很多种的花，而那些与众不同的蓝玫瑰是值得你与他们打招呼的1．A.customer B．checkoutC．salesman D．office答案 B解析 the checkout counter收银台句意为：我拿到了所有的东西，前往收银台结账，结果被一个看起来约十六岁的年轻人挡住了去路根据语境可知选B项2．A.blocked B．troubledC．met D．found答案 A解析 block阻挡；trouble麻烦；meet遇到；find发现见上题解析，故选A项3．A.pretended B．appearedC．declared D．tended答案 B解析 pretend假装；appear出现；declare宣布；tend趋向appear to be看起来……，故选B项4．A.slowly B．slightlyC．kindly D．patiently答案 D解析 slowly慢慢地；slightly轻微地； kindly好心地；patiently耐心地句意为：我并不着急因此我耐心地等着他意识到后面有人根据语境可知选D项5．A.torn B．brokenC．challenged D．wounded答案 C解析 tear撕；break打碎；challenge挑战，刺激；wound伤害。
句意为：非常明显，当他看到我离他如此近时，正等着通过，他思想上没有意识到(mentally challenged)，有点吃惊故选C项6．A.close B．friendlyC．next D．happily答案 A解析 close接近；friendly友好的；next下一个；happily高兴地见上题解析close to靠近，故选A7．A.steal away B．hurry outC．squeeze by D．break in答案 C解析 steal away偷走；hurry out匆忙；squeeze by挤过；break in打断由上文中的“the narrow aisle”可知通道非常窄，故选C8．A.swimming B．shoppingC．singing D．travelling答案 B解析 去商店当然是购物9．A.cool B．badC．ordinary D．old答案 A解析 cool酷的；bad坏的； ordinary普通的；old老的句意为：这是个很酷的名字，我也希望我的名字叫丹尼，但我的名字叫史蒂夫，你几岁了，丹尼？故选A项10．A.went away B．walked byC．came over D．turned up答案 C解析 go away离开；walk by走过；come over过来；turn up出现。
由下文中作者与丹尼的妈妈谈话可知，丹尼的妈妈慢慢地走了过来故选C项11．A.thanked B．stared atC．praised D．chatted with答案 A解析 thank感谢；stare at盯着；praise表扬；chat with与……聊天句意为：丹尼的妈妈非常感谢我花时间与她儿子聊天thank sb. for doing sth.感谢某人做某事，故选A项12．A.ever B．stillC．yet D．even答案 D解析 ever曾经；still仍然；yet然而；even甚至句意：她告诉我大多数人甚至不愿意看丹尼，更别说与他交谈了故选D项13．A.courage B．pleasureC．habit D．faith答案 B解析 courage勇气；pleasure快乐；habit习惯；faith信念上文中丹尼的妈妈对作者表示感谢，it was my pleasure这是我的荣幸，是对感谢的应答语故选B项14．A.therefore B．besidesC．meanwhile D．however答案 D解析 therefore因此；besides况且；meanwhile 同时；however然而。
红色、黄色、粉色的玫瑰非常多，而蓝色的很罕见，此处表示转折，故选D项15．A.rare B．bigC．bright D．colorful答案 A解析 rare罕见的；big大的；bright明亮的；colorful五彩缤纷的见上题解析故选A 项16．A.with B．byC．for D．in答案 C解析 be appreciated for...因……而被赏识故选C项17．A.unless B．ifC．before D．after答案 B解析 unless 除非；if如果；before之前；after之后句意为：你看，丹尼就是朵蓝玫瑰，如果人们没有停下来，用心闻他的花香，善意地来接触他，那么他们错过了上帝的保佑故选B项18．A.smell B．pickC．buy D．see答案 A解析 smell闻；pick挑选；buy买；see看见上题解析故选A项19．A.wanted B．forgottenC．missed D．invited答案 C解析 want想；forget忘记；miss错过；invite邀请故选C项20．A.Be brave B．Be proudC．Take it easy D．Take the time答案 D解析 be brave 勇敢；be proud 骄傲；take it easy放松；take the time抽出时间。
句意为：因此，当下次你看到蓝玫瑰，不要转过头走开，抽出时间与它微笑并打招呼故选D项Ⅰ.词汇拓展1．patent n．专利；专利权；vt.获得……专利；取得专利权2．proof n．证据；物证(1)prove vt.&vi.证明；结果是(2)She wanted to put her husband’s loyalty to the proof.她想考验一下她丈夫的忠诚3．negotiate v．谈判，协商，交涉The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but we’ll never negotiate with criminals.”首相说：“我们准备和任何合法政党展开讨论，但决不会与罪犯谈判4．simplify vt.简化；使单纯；使简易While intelligent people can often simplify the complex，a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.聪明的人总是会把复杂的问题简单化，而愚蠢的人更有可能把简单的问题复杂化。
5．gather up收集；把……收起来gather speed加速6．head for动身去……用法点拨表示“向……行进”时，其后所接介词通常为for或towards，原则上不接介词to，但是当其后跟有某些状语(如back，out等)时，也可接介词toThe ship headed out to sea.轮船驶向大海7．in a hurry匆忙地；迅速地8．much less更不用说；更不用提still less/let alone更不用说Ⅱ.句式升级1．Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.(同义句转换)→Today countless inventions and innovations are of benefit to us.2．It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J．Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible.(同义句转换)→There is no picturing a world without Katherine J．Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible.3．If you develop it，you’ll overcome quite a bit.→Develop it and you’ll overcome quite a bit.(改为并列句)→Developing it，you’ll overcome quite a bit.(改为简单句)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Only after talking to two students did(do) I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(2015·湖南)2．Find something，dive into it，take the good parts，skip the bad parts，get what you can out of it，go on to something else.(2015·浙江)3．The first thing that he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.(2015·北京)4．Video games can be a poor influence if left(leave) in the wrong hands.(2015·湖南)5．One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers，currently(current) the wealthiest family of the Netherlands.(2015·湖北)6．Should we allow modern buildings to be built(build) next to older buildings in a historic area of a city？(2014·安徽)7．We associate piggy banks with children，but in many countries，the little containers are also popular with adults.(2014·浙江)8．In recent years，Nepal set out to attract(attract) foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education.9．It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.10．Seen(see) from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.Ⅱ.运用本单元所学短语完成下列片段One day，a student 11.called me up(给我打) abruptly，saying that she graduated and 12.set about(开始做某事) hunting for a job.She is fortunate，because a firm just wants a person to manage files.But only by 13.getting through(通过) the interview can she get the job.She wants to 14.seize the current chance(抓住目前的机会) and make full preparations.Ⅲ.完成句子15．直到我遇到你以后，才真正体会到幸福。
It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.16．站在那里你将会看得更清楚2015·天津例题)Stand over there and you’ll be able to see it better.17．只有当他为自己的无礼道歉时，我才会再和他说话Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.18．当儿子出生时凯茜就已辞去了工作，以便能够待在家里抚养孩子2014·浙江)。