动词和动词短语真题再现：1. If you come to visit China, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and variety.A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience2. Tom had to ______ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to3. Body language can ______a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can sendout a signal that you are being defensive.A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away4. We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or ______our emotions thanfor straight facts.A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across5. The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk RoadEconomic Belt.A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for6. The whole team ________ Cristiano Donald, and he seldom lets them down.A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on7. Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up8. It is said that body language_____________ 55 per cent of a first impression while what yousay just 7 per cent.A. lies in B. accounts for C. consists of D. goes with9. The team are working hard to ______ the problem so that they can find the best solution.A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze10. Peter will ______his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up11. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to ______ on the sea?A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split12. If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better______ your doctor at once.A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect13. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatestpotential.A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop14. In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that someone was movingabout upstairs.A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain15. There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate withforeigners in English.A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up16. See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy the cheapest brandof computer just to save a few dollars.A. have B. make C. display D. bring17. Studies have shown that the right and left ear ______ sound differently.A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download第 1 页解析：1. D。
本题考查的是动词的用法，A 项为发展，B 项为创造，C 项为代替，D 项为经历根据语意选 D2. B本句考查的是动词词组的用法句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了turn in 上交；turn down 拒绝；turn over 移交；turn to 求助故选 B3. D句意：肢体语言可以透露很多的心情，所以把你的手折起来站着，表示你是有防范的A 意为“拿走”；B 意为“扔掉”；C 意为“放好”；D 意为“泄露”该题考查的是动词短语搭配4. B句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的block off 意为“封锁”，appeal to 意为“吸引”，subscribe to 意为“订阅”，come across 意为“遇到”5. B本题考查动词词组的用法，句意为大学里开设了新的语言项目为的是迎合国家经济发展6. C本题考查动词词组的用法，A 项为等待，B 选项为集中 C 选项依赖 D 选项号召，根据语意选 C7. D考查动词短语辨析句意：别担心我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的stand out 突出；break up 结束，解散，分手；get out 出去，出版，被泄露；turn up 出现，露面。
故选D8. Blies in 在于；accounts for 说明、引起，（比例）占；consists of 包括；goes with 相伴该句意思为：据说身体语言占了第一印象的百分之五十五，而你所说的话只占百分之七故选 B9. D考查动词词义辨析句意：整个团队努力分析这个问题，以找到最好解决方法找到解决方法只有先认真分析问题，所以选 Dface the problem 面对问题；prevent 阻止；raise提高，养育10. A句意：Peter 在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位take up 拿起，开始从事；put up竖立；搭建；add up 加起来；break up 结束；分解所以选 A11.A句意：既然铁重于水，为什么船可以浮在水面上float 意为“漂浮”drown 意为“淹死”，shrink 意为“收缩”，split 意为“洒出”A.12. B句意：如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好立刻向你的医生咨询 convince 使……信服；B. consult 咨询；C. avoid 避免；D. affect 影响故选 B13. DA 选项“加速”，B 选项“提高”，C 选项“表现”，D 选项“发展”。
句意为：学校是一个活泼的地方，在这里每个人都被鼓励去发挥潜力根据语意选 D14. B句意：为了能够不被听到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动 whisper 低声说，私语；signal 发信号， 用手势）示意；declare （正式）宣称；complain 抱怨故选 B15. C句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流leave out 遗漏，省略；go against 违背，与……作对；lies in 在于；makes up 编造，组成，化妆，弥补故选 C16. B句意：看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的固定搭配：make sense 有意义故选 B语法讲解：高考对动词和动词短语的考查主要从词义入手，考查动词和动词短语的词义、动词与介词或者副词构成的固定搭配题干简洁，意义清晰，提供了足够的信息和语境要求同学们掌握动词的意义和用法，并能在真实的语境中对同义词和近义词进行辨析；掌握动词短语和第 2 页短语动词的意义和用法，能对常用动词与介词或副词构成的短语进行辨析动词概述动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句中常起着连接主语和句子其他部分的作用区别一个句子是否完整的方法之一就是辨别是否有能做谓语的动词。
有些句子有一个或多个动词，但是一个完整的句子一般至少需要一个动词动词是英语最复杂的一种词类根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词注意：有些动词是兼类词We are having a meeting. （having 是实义动词）He has gone to New York. （has 是助动词）They work hard every day. （work 是实义动词）They look happy. （look 为系动词）They can go home now. （can 为情态动词）及物动词和不及物动词根据其后是否可以带宾语，动词可分为两类，分别是：及物动词、不及物动词，缩写形式分别为 vt.和 vi. 同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有动作的承受者She can dance and sing. （sing 在此用作不及物动词She can sing many English songs.（sing 用作及物动词You should improve your English. （improve 为及物动词。
Can you lend me two yuan? （lend 用作及物动词，带双宾语限定动词和非限定动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分为限定动词和非限定动词先动动词在句中做谓语，可与情态动词或助动词连用，与主语在人称和数上保持一致She sings very well. （sing 受主语 she 的限制，故用第三人称单数形式 singsI can manage it myself.They sat together around the table.Someone wants to see you.非限定动词有三种：不定式（包括带 to 的不定式和不带 to 的不定式）、动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式他们在句中不起谓语的作用，可以充当句中的主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语等他们不受主语的人称和数的限制She wants to learn English well. （to learn 不受主语 she 的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词Doing this can save a lot of time and money. （-ing 形式作句子的主语）Looking at those beautiful mountains and rivers, I felt relaxed. (looking at...作句子的状语)He stopped to have a rest. （不定式作目的状语）I must get my bike repaired. (-ed 形式作句子的补语)单字词、动词短语、短语动词根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词、动词短语和短语动词。
短语动词多由动词加副词构成，动词短语多由动词加介词构成，相当于一个实义动词，而不是各个词义的简单相加他们之间的区别是：动词短语相当于一个及物动词，必须接宾语意义才完整，如 pay attention to；短语动词并非都接宾语，如 adapt to 接宾语；go out 不接宾语动词短语接宾语时，无论宾语为代词还是名词，一律放在介词后 (look after it)；及物的短语动词接代词做宾语时，代词宾语必须放在动词和副词之间(turn it down)，接名词作宾语则无此限制有些动词短语可以在动词和第 3 页介词之间加入副词（look carefully at the person）；短语动词则不行(break down)Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. (look up 是短语动词)The young ought to take care of the old. （take care of 是动词短语）动词五种形态动词有五种形态分别是：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词同学们必须熟记动词各种形式的变化规则，对于常见的不规则动词的第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式、过去分词形式要记熟。
We go to school every day. (go 为动词原形)He goes to school every day. (goes 为动词第三人称单数形式)He went to school yesterday. (went 为动词过去式)The book is interesting. （interesting 为现在分词）I’m interested in the book. （interested 为过去分词）系动词系动词也称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（也称补足语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He fell ill yesterday.（fell 是系动词，后跟补足语/表语，说明主语情况He fell off the ladder.（fell 是实义动词，单独作谓语）系动词分为六类：状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词，例如：He is a teacher. （is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meetings.This matter remains a mystery.表像系动词：用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired.He seems (to be) very sad.感官系动词：感官系动词主要有 feel, smell, sound, tasteThis kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,runHe became mad after that.She grew rich within a short time.终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如The rumor proved false.The search proved difficult.His plan turned out a success.实义动词实义动词意义完全，可以独立用作谓语，是动词词组的中心词。
第 4 页I came across him in the street yesterday.When do will you attend your next exam?助动词助动词本身无词汇意义，不能单独用作谓语，协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组助动词可大致分为三类：基本助动词 do，be，have；情态助动词 can，could，may，might，will，would，shall，should，ought to，need，dare 等；半助动词 be going to，be able to，have to，used to，happen to，seem to 等最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would例如：He doesn’t like English. （doesn’t 是助动词，无词义，帮助构成否定句型；like 是主要动词，有词义)Your letter has been received. (has 为助动词，帮助构成现在完成时)It will be my birthday next Monday. (will 为助动词，帮助构成一般将来时)助动词功能：表示时态：He is singing.He has got married.表示语态：He was sent to England.构成疑问句：Do you like college life?Did you study English before you came here?与否定副词 not 合用：I don’t like him.加强语气：Do come to the party tomorrow evening.He did know that.助动词 be 的用法助动词 be 有多种变化形式，is，am，are，was，were，being，been，to be.be +现在分词，构成进行时态：They are having a meeting.English is becoming more and more important.“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态：The window was broken by Tom.English is taught throughout the world.“be + 动词不定式”用法：表示最近、未来的计划或安排He is to go to New York next week.We are to teach the students some living skills.表示命令You are to explain this.He is to come to the office this afternoon.征求意见How am I to answer him?Who is to go there?第 5 页表示相约、商定We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow.用于代替上文，以免重复：—Are you going to see the film?—Yes, I am.助动词 have 的用法have +过去分词，构成完成时态：He has left for London.By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时I have been studying English for ten years.have + been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态：English has been taught in China for many years.助动词 do 的用法构成一般疑问句Do you want to pass the NMET?Did you study German?do + not 构成否定句I do not want to be criticized.He doesn't like to study.In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.构成否定祈使句Don't go there.Don't be so absent-minded.注意：构成否定祈使句只用 do，不用 did 和 does。
放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气：Do come to my birthday party.I did go there.I do miss you.用于倒装句：Never did I hear of such a thing.Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.引导此类倒装句的副词有 never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so等用作代动词：—Do you like Beijing?—Yes, I do. （do 用作代动词，代替 like Beijing.）He said he would go there and he did.I like swimming. So does Tom. (does 代替 like swimming)助动词 shall 和 will 的用法shall 和 will 作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时：I shall study harder at English.He will go to Shanghai.第 6 页注意：在过去的语法中，语法学家说 shall 用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。
现在，尤其是在口语中，will 常用于第一人称，但 shall 只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:He shall come.（shall 有命令的意味He will come.（will 只与动词原形构成一般将来时助动词 should, would 的用法should 无词义，只是 shall 的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.would 也无词义，是 will 的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称I will go,” he said.He said he would come.常考动词短语：1. breakbreak away (from) 突然逃离；断绝往来，脱离；改掉，破除break down (机器等)坏了；(计划等)失败；(谈话等)中断；(健康等)变坏；感情失去控制break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔；训练，使适应break into 强行进入；突然……起来；打断，插嘴；占用时间break off 停止讲话；暂停，休息；(使)折断break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发break through 突破；克服，征服；强行穿过；(太阳等)从云层里出来break up 解散，驱散；(学校等)放假；结束，破裂；击碎；绝交break with 与……绝交，与……决裂2. bringbring about 引起，实现，导致bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法；使苏醒；顺便把某人带来串门bring back 送还；使想起，使恢复bring down 击落；打死，打伤；使倒下；降低bring forth 产生，引起，结果bring in 收获；获利；介绍，引进；聘请；逮捕bring off 从船上救出；设法做成bring on 带来，引起；促使生长；帮助提高bring out 取出，拿出；显示出，使出来；出版bring over 说服，使改变(思想等)bring through 使度过(困难，危机等)bring together 使和解bring up 提出，提起；抚养，培养；呕吐3. callcall at (车船等)停靠；到(某地)拜访call away 叫走，叫开；转移(注意力等)call back 唤回，叫回；回，再打call for 喊(某人)来，喊人取来(某物)；来或去取(某物)，来或去接(某人)；需要，要求call in 叫进，请进；找来，请来；来访call off 叫走，转移开；取消，不举行第 7 页call on [upon] 拜访，看望call out 大声叫(喊)；叫出去；召唤，请来，调去call up (给……)打；想起，回忆起4. comecome about (某情况)发生come across 被理解(不及物)；给予印象(不及物)；(偶然)发现或遇见come along 一道去；赶快come for 来取，来拿，来找come on 跟着来，快点，来吧come out 出来，出现，开花come over 来访，来玩come to 来到，来参加；合计；有意义，有价值；苏醒；谈到，说到5. cutcut down 砍倒；削减，压缩，缩减cut in 插入，插话；插队，超车cut off 切断，隔断，断绝cut out 剪成，戒掉cut up 切碎；抨击；歼灭6. diedie away (声音、风、光线等)渐息，渐弱die down (慢慢)熄灭，平静下来die off 一个一个地死去die out (家族、习俗、观念等)灭绝，绝迹7. fixfix on 选定，确定，决定fix sb. up with 为某人安排或提供fix up 决定，安排；清理，修理，整理8. getget about [around] 到处走动，旅行；传播，流传get along 离开；相处；进展get away 离开，逃离；逃避责罚，免受处罚get back 返回；取回get down 下来，取下，放下，写下，打下，吞下get down to 开始做，认真处理get in 进站，到达；请来；插话；收获get off 起飞，动身，出发；下班，下车；从轻处罚，被放过get on 上车；进行，进展；相处get out 出来，出去，离开；拿出，取出；出版，发表；泄漏，传出get out of 逃避，躲掉；使说出；放弃，戒除get over 走过，越过，渡过；克服，战胜；恢复，痊愈get through 做完，用完，吃完；通过(考试)，接通()，度过(时间)get together 聚会，联欢get up 起床，起身；打扮；举办9. give第 8 页give away 分发，赠送；背弃；暴露give in 上交；让步，投降give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)give out 分发，散发；用完；垮掉；失灵，出故障；发表；发出(热、声音等give up 放弃，戒掉；交出，让出；投降，认输10. gogo away 离开；消失；变淡go back 返回；追溯；重操旧业；改变主意go by (时)消逝；依……办；根据……判断go on (时)消逝；继续；上场；发生；(灯)亮go over 检查；复习；转至；使……干净；反应(如何)go out (灯)熄；不流行11. looklook after 照顾(某人)；看管(某事物)look around 环顾四周look at 看；看待；看得上；检查；考虑look for 寻找；寻求；期待look into 调查；窥视look on 旁观look out 小心；留意；找出look up 仰视；好转；查寻；探望12. makemake for 走向；有助于；促进make out 理解；看清，(勉强)辨认出；填写；假装make up 构成，组成；编写，编辑；编造；和解；弥补；化妆；凑足；准备好13. pickpick out 选择；找出pick up 捡起；收拾，整理；学会，获得；(用车)来接，去取；改善；继续；感染(疾病等)14. putput away 收拾；放弃，打消；存蓄put down 放下，写下，使下车；镇压，击败put off 推迟；推脱；使不高兴put on 穿，戴；上演，装(样子)；开(灯等)；增加put out 扑灭，使熄灭；生产；公布，发表；打扰，使不高兴put up 举起，架起，撑起；盖起，修建；张贴，挂；住宿，留宿15. seesee about 负责处理(安排)see off 为……送行。
如：see out 送某人出门；度过(熬过)；进行到底see through 看穿，识破；帮助度过(困难等)；进行到底16. setset about 开始，着手set against 使敌视，使对立set apart 使与众不同；留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)第 9 页set aside 留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)；把……置于一旁，不理会set back 推迟，耽搁；使花费set down 写下，记下set in 开始，来临set off 出发，启程；导致，引起；使运转，使爆炸set on [upon] 袭击，攻击set out 动身，起程；开始，着手；摆放，摆设；陈述，解释(set up 创办，成立，建立；竖立，架起；组织，计划，安排；创下纪录)；开业，开始经商；安装17. taketake away 拿走，带走；消除(病痛等)；减去take down 取下；记下；拆掉；吞下；病倒take out 拔掉；切除；带(某人)出去；获得take off 脱掉(衣)；(飞机)起飞；(突然)离去；受欢迎take up 占去；占据；以……作为爱好或消遣；从事；改短(衣物)；吸收18. turnturn into 拐入；进入；(使)变成；(使)成为turn off 关掉；使厌烦；转入另一条路；不注意turn on 打开(收音机，电视机等)；展示；取决；进攻；以……为议题turn over 翻转；反复考虑；营业额达到；移交turn to 翻到；求助于；转向；积极行动turn up 将音量调大；找到；发现；出现turn down 调小音量；拒绝turn out 结果是；证明是；露面第 10 页。