Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完毕体P181-190, 395)条件句14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2023A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativenessC. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politenessV. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表达说话人当前的试探性态度 , 而非过去时间 , 多用于表达意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气 on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me?B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help .Want, wonder, think, hope The other is what we call the hypothetical past. The simple past refers not to a fact but to a non-fact, and is typically found in that-clauses following such constructions as It’s time….I wish I’d ratherSuppose As if 15. “If I were you, I wouldn’t wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to ____D______.183A. alleviate hostility B. express unfavorable feelings C. indicate uncertainty D. make a suggestionWere-subjunctive has only on form were, which applies to subjects of all persons, is hypothetical or unreal in meaning If, if only, as if, as though, though, Wish, would rather, suppose, imagine, As it were( so to speak)宛如，好比54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. P 186 2023 A.had received B.received C.should receive D.were receiving对的答案为A). If only引导的虚拟语气,解释为”要是…该多好啊!”. 与现在的事实相反的则if only后接过去式did,和过去事实相反的则接过去完毕时had done. 这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗方式(其实那个时候并没有接受),与过去事实相反用过去完毕时. 句意: 假如那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法,他现在也许还活着呢.51. If only I ______ play the guitar as well as you! 2023 P 186 P192A would B could C should D might52. 对的答案为B). could表达可以,是一种一般能力. 表达具体能力用 be able to . p. 192 If only引导的虚拟语气,表达”要是….该多好啊!”. 句意: 要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊!3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ____ able to advise you much better than I can. （2023年51题）2023 A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were15. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _______ able to advise you much better than I can. (2023)(395/381)2023A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were[译文]假如你把情况向你的事务律师说明，他会比我更能给你提出好的建议。
[考点]虚拟语气本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained，但这是复合时态形式，主句说明其内容与现在/将来的情况相反，所以主句谓语应当由would+动词原形构成B，C不用于虚拟语气；D．were只用于表虚拟的条件句中9．___ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? （2023年44题） A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised44．答案：A 参考译文：假如昨天没有提前告知你，我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗？ 试题分析：本题考察的是虚拟语气的用法 具体解答：这是一个错综时间条件句条件从句表达的动作和主句表达的动作，发生的时间是不一致的，动词的形式要根据表达的时间来调整10．All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there. （2023年49题） A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t be[解析]考点：虚拟语气。
由于主句中使用了 would have done，即表达与过去事实相反，那么从句中相应地使用 had done[译文]若不是那儿人太多，我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的11. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. （1998年43题） A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need 情态动词should可以表达语气较强的假设，出现在if从句中或用于省略了if的条件句句首位置上例如： a．If you should change your mind，please let us know． b．Should you be interested，I have a book on the subject you might like to see． should的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中，表达“万一”、“假若”shall有类似用法，用于if、when等引导的从句中，表达将来的也许性，但是语气太强。
例如： c．If you shall ever change your opinion，come to me again．should假如用在以if和in case引导的从句中则表达某事不太也许发生有时在这种句子中主语和should可以倒装，把should放在句首[译文]假如你购买的车子在最初12个月内出现问题，请与授权经销商交涉12. ____ , I will marry him all the same. (2023年42题)票 A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poorwhether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerbing support. 表让步里，be用于虚拟语气句，引导一个(选择性)让步状语从句，相称于whether he be rich or poor由于whether省略，这时be需要提前B其实也讲得通，只是意思上不同，前者表达：不管我是富还是穷，我都要嫁给他。
又如：Whether rich or poor，old or young，all have to die．(《新时代英汉大典》)[译文]不管他是富还是穷，我都要嫁给他Whether it (he)be...or...结构，意为“不管(不管)是……还是……”，表达让步，为虚拟语气的一种表达方式其省略式为“be it…or…；be he…or…”等，句子必须倒装如：I can translate all these books into Chinese，be they in English，French or Latin．[例句] There being no danger，the police went back to their office．险情解除，警察回警局了3.虚拟语气用在由 “whether” 引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓语用原形动词例如：All engines work on this principle, whether they be large or small.所有发动机都按这一原理工作，无论它们是大还是小We must finish the work before we go home, whether it be early or late.无论时间早晚，我们必须在回家前干竣工作。
All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms.所有物质，不管是气体，液体，或固体，都是由原子构成在此句型中，可省去 whether ，而将be放在主语前例如：Be it so, we must continue to do the test.We must do our best to fulfil the task, be it ever so hard.Example:______ I'll marry him all the same.a. Were he rich or poor b. Be he rich or poorc. Whether rich or poor d. Being rich or poor考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式注意：在this is the first time/ second time that….句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完毕时态 This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.例如:p1863. It’s high time we ____ cutting down the rainforests. (2023年54题)A. stopped B. had to stop C. shall stop D. stop2. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him. 2023. A. betrayed…take B. had betrayed…took C. has betrayed…took D. has betrayed…take3. “What courses are you going to do next semester?” “I don’t know. But it’s about time ______on something.” 2023 52题 A. I’d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I’m deciding5. If you have really been studying English for long, it’s about time you ___ able to write letters in English. （1999年49题） A. should be B. were C. must be D. are51. It is essential that he ________ all the facts first. (2023)A. is examining B. will examine C. examines D. examine P18165.It is absolutely essential that William________his study in spite of some learning difficulties.2023 A.will continue B.continued C.continue D.continuesAdvisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper 60. It is necessary that he ____ the assignment without delay.2023A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand inIt is imperative/necessary/important 等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，should加动词原形，should可省。
6. It is imperative that the government ___ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. （2023年59题） A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract7. It is imperative that students ___ their term papers on time. （2023年46题） A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in16. “It’s a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.” The modal auxiliary SHOULD express __B_____.(2023)P201A obligation B disappointment C future in the past D. tentativenessIn specific contexts, should can denote emotional feelings of sorrow, joy, displeasure, surprise, wonder It’s a pity that he should leave so soon. It’s unbelievable that he should be working so hard. How should I know?Should is found in expressions like “I should say” “I should think.” The hypothetical form here is simply to indicate the speaker’s reluctance to commit himself on matters of personal feeling or judgment. I should say he is just the right man for the job. Without any definite modal meaningI insisted that he go/should go with me. It is imperative thatThe order that For fear that /so that /lest Would can be used to make a tactful statement, a polite request, and a tentative suggestion. It would be a shame to stop our work halfway. 19. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as ______ if I ____A_______alone. 2023A. would have been …had been B. should be … had been C. could be … were D. might have been… were19______ your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.2023A. Hadn’t it been forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for2. 52. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ________ much better results now.2023 p A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get20. The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending my money expresses the speaker’s ______.2023a) hopeb) joyc) regretd) relief 184202315. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _______ able to advise you much better than I can. (2023)(395/381)2023A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were条件句的虚拟If you asked me tomorrow, I would(should ,但以would 较为普通)be able to give you the answer .54. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? ______. (2023)(p. 181)A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o’clock?181B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.Decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote. 54．My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch．2023 p181A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent63. If it ______ tomorrow, the match would be put off. (2023 P184)A. were to rain B. was to rain C. was raining D. had rained 52. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.A. could have been B. would beC. will be D. would have been61. It’s getting late. I’d rather you now.(2023. P186)A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leave考察虚拟语气。
would rather后面接从句时，表达主语宁愿某人做某事，从句要用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去式，表达希望注意区分would rather其他两个惯用句式：would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”：would rather do…than do…“宁愿做……而不愿做……57. We consider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand.(2023)A. strange why B. it strange what C. it strange that D. that strange60.He would have finished his college education, but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family.2023 A.had had B.has C.had D.would have60．Which of the following best explains the meaning of “Shall we buy the tickets first”?2023P 200 A．He said that we were going to buy the tickets first． B．He requested that we buy the tickets first． C．He suggested that we buy the tickets first． D．He advised us to buy the tickets first．表达征求意见，advise 建议别人应当怎么做，表达直接给出自己认为对的意见，没有征求的意思。
Suggest说出自己的想法供对方参考，65. When the sentence “Shall I drive you to the airport first?” is turned into indirect speech, which of the following is most appropriate? （2023P ）A. He agreed to drive me to the airport first. B. He offered to drive me to the airport first. C. He advised me to go to the airport first. D. He suggested that I drive to the airport first. 3. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ______ expresses the highest degree of possibility.(2023)p 207A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.Might ,may ,could, can, should, ought to, would, will, must 55. Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY? （2023）p193）A. The moon cannot always be at the full. B. You cannot smoke inside the building. 表达不许C. He cannot come today. 否认表达不也许。
D. She cannot play the piano. 192 泛指一般的能力Can 表达也许，较多地用于否认句和疑问句19. which of the following sentences expresses a fact?(2023 p197)A. Mary and her son must be home by now. B. Careless reading must give poor results. 表达必然，也是一种推测或推断，其口气最为肯定，一般用于肯定陈述句197C. He must be working late at the office. 采用进行体，作推测用法Epistemic P207 all epistemic modals can combine with a progressive infinitive.D. It’s getting late, and I must leave now. 表推测，must可以采用完毕体the past form of epistemic modals are realized by adding a perfective infinitive.You must have thought about that. 可以用于there-存在句can be used in existential sentencesThere must be some mistake. 静态动词combine with stative verbsHe must be there. 主语可以是表达无生命物的名词词组be used with an inanimate subjectIt must be George. 53. She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.2023 A. had been B. must be C. has been D. must have been56.She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.2023 A. must be B.had been C.could be D.must have been对的答案为D). 对过去事情的肯定推测用must have done, 否认推测用couldn’t have done. 65. Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"? 2023 A. You must leave immediately. B. You must be feeling rather tired. C. You must be here by eight o'clock. D. You must complete the reading assignment on time. 55．Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS? A．By now she will be eating dinner．Definite future ,自然要发生的 B．I shall never do that again．2023 P151 P 199 C．My brother will help you with the luggage． D．You shall get a promotion．说话人的意愿63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?(2023 P198) A. What will you do when you graduate?意图 B. They will be home by now.198推测 C. Who will go with me?意愿 D. Why will you go there alone?决心解析：“will”可表如下的意思：1. 可表“意愿”（willingness）,即乐意做某事。
如：Who will go with me?2. 可表“意图”（intention），即“打算”做某事如：I will write to her tomorrow.3. 可表“决心”（determination），即坚持要做某事如： I won’t go back on my words.4. 可表“推测”（prediction），如：By now she will be eating dinner.B. PREDICTABILITY 64. The sentence that expresses OFFER is(2023)A. I’ll get some drinks. What’ll you have?B. Does she need to book a ticket now?C. May I know your name?D. Can you return the book next week?D. 将来做某件事的能力52. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She ____ by bus.2023 A. must have gone B. should have gone C. ought to have gone D. could have goneNancy has gone to work but her car's still there她已经去工作了但是车还在那must have gone 表达肯定的猜测 （她肯定是坐公交车去的） should have done / ought to have done 都表达本来应当could have done 本来可以must have done 应当就是本句是对已发生事情的肯定推测，所以用“must+‘have done”的形式，故选A。
61. Aren’t you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today.(2023)A. should have thought B. must have thoughtC. might have thought D. could have thoughtTIP：该题考察情态动词语气上的差别，答案为A，意思是“今天你累坏了吧？我本来应当想到你今天已经忙了一天的B答案是表达对过去事情的判断，不符合上下文意思52. 53.“You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.2023 194 A.could B.should C.must D.can对的答案为D). can 表达许可/建议,在口语中常用can. 表达给与“许可”通常用can/may而不用could/might. 这里provided引导条件状语从句,意思等于if/on condition that53. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone __ an opportunity to hear the speech. （2023年56题）A. ought to have B. must have C. may have D. should have对的答案为C). may. so that引导目的状语从句,表达为了让每个人都有机会听到讲座. 其他选项均不符合题意. ought to have done=should have done本应当做而实际未做. must have done表达对过去的肯定猜测.54. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ___ the journey in exactly two days. （2023年57题） A. must take B. must have made C. was able to make D. could make本题译文：我1984年去了那里，那也是我惟一一次有机会可以刚好在两天内完毕旅行。
本题考察情态动词的含义和用法本句是陈述过去事实，而A.must多指现在或将来的情况，一般不用来表达过去必须做某事，据此排除B.must have done sth.表达对过去行为的推测、猜想，不一定是事实，与句意不符D.could指“一般的能力”，通常不表达某人在某一场合设法做了某事，故不对的C. was able to专用于过去的具体场合，特别指“具有能力完毕某件有难度的事情”，过去某件具体事情的能力因此C是对的答案55. You ___ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. （2023年48题） A. needn’t have told B. needn’t tell C. mustn’t have told D. mustn’t tell本题译文：你本不必对吉姆谈及这件事，这与他没有关系needn’’t have done“过去做了本没有必要做的事”；needn’’t tell“不必”，但是表达现在的行为：mustn’’t have told用法错误，表达对过去的否认推测用can’’t／couldn’’t have done.sth.；mustn’’t tell表达“严禁”。
56. He ___ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. （1999年48题） A. may have acted B. must have acted C. should act D. would act考察情态动词的用法must have done用在句中表达对过去情况的肯定猜测，和at least表达的语气相冲突，故排除Bmay have done表达对已经发生的情况作语气不太肯定的猜测，暗示其实现的也许性很小，译作“也许已经……”57. You ____ Mark anything. It was none of his business. （1998年52题） A. needn’t have told B. needn’t tell C. mustn’t have told D. mustn’t tell。