一、in,on,at的时间用法1、固定短语:inthemorning/afternoon/evening在早晨/下午/傍晚,atnoon/night在中午/夜晚,(不强调范围,强调的话用duringthenight)earlyinthemorning=intheearlymorning在大清早,lateatnight在深夜ontheweekend在周末(英式用attheweekend在周末,atweekends每逢周末)onweekdays/weekends在工作日/周末,onschooldays/nights在上学日/上学的当天晚上,2、不加介词this,that,last,next,every,one,yesterday,today,tomorrow,tonight,all,most等之前一般不加介词如,thismorning今天早晨(on)thatday在那天(thatday更常用些)lastweek上周nextyear明年thenextmonth第二个月(以过去为起点的第二个月,nextmonth以现在为起点的下个月)everyday每天onemorning—天早晨yesterdayafternoon昨天下午精心整理tomorrowmorning明天早晨allday/morning/night整天/整个早晨/整晚(等于thewholeday/morning/night)mostofthetime(在)大多数时间3、一般规则除了前两点特殊用法之外,其他w—天,用on,>一天用in,在具体时刻或在某时用at(不强调时间范围)关于onOn指时间表示:1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日,某节日,星期几等。
Hewillcometomeetusonourarrival.OnMay4th(OnSunday,0nNewYear'sday,OnChristmasDay),therewillbeacelebration.2)在某个特定的早晨,下午或晚上Hearrivedat10o'clockonthenightofthe5th.Hediedontheeveofvictory.3)准时,按时Iftherainshouldbeontime,lshouldreachhomebeforedark.生日、onmyninthbirthday在我九岁生日那天节日、onTeachers'D在教师节(注意:节日里有表人的词汇先复数再加s所有格,女口onChildren'sDay,onWomen‘sDay,onTeache有四个节日强调单数之意思,onMother'sDay,onFather'sDay,onAprilFool'sDay,onV)entine'sDay星期、onSunday在周日,onSundaymorning在周日早晨onthelastFridayofeachmonth在每个月的最后一个星期五精心整理日期、onJune2nd在六月二日onthesecond(ofJune2nd)在六月的第二天即在六月二日onthemorningofJune2nd在六月二日的早晨,onarainymorning在一个多雨的早晨onacertainday在某天onthesecondday在第二天(以过去某天为参照)注意:onSunday在周日,onSundays每逢周日(用复数表每逢之意),everySunday每个周日,基本一个意思。
onaschoolday在某个上学日,onschooldays每逢上学日ontheweekend在周末,onweekends每逢周末关于inIn指时间表示:1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪,朝代,年,月,季节,及泛指的上午,下午和晚上等)内Hediedintheholidays.Hewasbornin1942.2)在一段时间之后Hewillcomeroundinadayortwo.Iwillfinishitinthreehours.InJune在六月inJune,2010在2010年六月in2010在2010年inamonth/year在一个月/年里(在将来时里翻译成一个月/年之后)inspring在春天精心整理intheday(time)在白天,可换成duringinthosedays在当时,intheolddays在过去的日子inholidays在假期里(也可写成duringholidays强调假期期间这个时间范围如果强调度假用onholiday或者onvacation)inthe1990s=inthe1990在2S世纪90年代early/lateinthe1990s在20世纪90年代前页/后页in20thcentury在20世纪intheeighties在八十年代inhiseighties在他八十多岁时inmyteens在我十几岁时的时候inadayortwo在一两天内,inthreeyears在三年后inaminute—分钟之后,即一会之后,(将来时的时间,不用after)类似还有inasecond—会之后,inashorttime在段时间内,inawhile一会之后innotime马上inthefuture在将来,infuture从今以后=fromnowonintime及时(ontime准时,及时指在事情未晚之前做成,强调最后期限。
准时指在指定时间时间做成inmychildhood在我的童年里inmyfree/leisuretime在我空闲时,in可换成during,也可以写成atleisure在空闲时关于atat指时间表示:1)时间的一点,一时刻:Theycomehomeatsurprise(atnoon,atmidnight,atteno'clock,atdaybreak,atdawn).2)较短的一段时间可指某个节日或认为一年中标志大事的日子精心整理Hisgrandfatherdiedatseventy-two.Atthebeginning(middle,end)ofthatmonthhewassick.HewenthomeatChristmas(atNewYear,atthespringFestival,atnight,atmidsummer).at6:00在六点atthistime/moment(ofday)在(一天中的)这个时间atthattime/moment(ofyear)在(一年中的)那个时间atanytime随时atthecorrect/propertime在正确的时间atthesametime同时或者inthemeantime同时,于此同时attimes偶尔,时常atChristmas(time)在圣诞节时(注意,如果用on,写成onChristmasDay)atfestivals每逢节日(用复数表每逢。
如强调时间范围则用duringfestivals)atbreakfast/lunch/dinner在早餐/午餐/晚餐时atmeals在三餐时attheend/beginningoflastterm在上学期结束/开始,过去时的时间bytheendoflastterm直到上学期期末,过去完成时的时间注意intheend最后/终于=finally=atlast)atthestartoftheconcert在音乐会开始attheageoften,在十岁时,atforty在四十岁时atfirst/last首选/最后atdown在黎明时,atdaybreak在天亮时,atsunrise当日出时,atdusk在黄昏时精心整理atsunset在日落时,atdark在天黑时atmidnight在半夜,atpresent在目前我们再来横向比较一下,以morning为例:inthemorning在早晨earlyinthemorning再大清早thismorning今天早晨yesterdaymorning昨天早晨tomorrowmorning明天早晨onSundaymorning在周日早晨onarainymorning在一个多雨的早晨onthemorningofJune2nd在六月二日的早晨thenextmorning第二天早晨everymorning每天早晨onemorning—天早晨再试试以night为例横向比较一下:强调这个时atnight在夜晚(注意duringthenight=inthenight翻译成在夜晚期间,间范围)lateatnight在深夜tonight今晚yesterdaynight昨晚tomorrownight明晚精心整理onSundaynight在周日晚上onarainynight再一个多雨的晚上onthenightofJune2nd在六月二日的晚上thenextnight第二天晚上everynight每天晚上onenight一天晚上二、in,on,at的地点用法记住单词的基本含义,通过翻译就很容易区分了。
at强调“点”,可on强调“在••上”(表面),in强调“在…里”(空间范围内)翻译成“在…”“在…处”或者“在…旁”以on为例:on表在••上(表面)On表示地点,一般指与面或线接触:1)“在…上面”Heputthebookonthetableandsatonthechair.Thepicturewashangingonthewall.严.、zQ?F"//•乙//'■)J2)“在……旁边”NewworkisontheHudsonRiver.Xiamenisontheriver.Helivesinahouseontheriver.onthecoverofthebook.在书的圭寸面上onthismenu.在这菜单上精心整理onthewall.在那墙上Somepicturesareonthewall一些图画在墙上Therearefourwindowsareinthewall.按照汉语习惯虽然翻译成在墙上有四扇窗,但是实际窗户的位置是在墙“里”onthetree在树上,指果实长在树上Therearesomeredapplesonthetree.在树上有一些红苹果Somebirdsareinthetree.—些鸟在树上。
指的是树的枝桠间onthe7thfloor在八楼(第一层不算也可写成inthe7thestorey在八楼onthewayto…在去…的路上onthebed在床上,强调位置,或inthebed,不加冠词时inbed则表示人躺/坐/看书等在床上ontheceiling在天花板上onthefloor在地板上onthestreet/road在街道/上(英式写成inthestreet/road)onthelake在湖面上,接触湖水表面,比如小船,如吃水深则用in,女口Ashipisintheriver.(overthelake则指在湖的正上方,不接触湖面)onthefarm在农场,用on表示开阔处,没有空间in的意思onland在陆地上严.、、舍2乍'”]Jonthetopofthemountain在山顶,如顶端是一个点,atthetopofthechimney在烟囱顶端onthesideoftheroad在路边上,如lieontheroadside躺在路边如不强调“上”,可换成atthesideofontheplayground在操场上,英式贝U写成intheplaygroundon表在…上或者搭乘:onabus乘巴士,在公汽上inabus在公汽里精心整理onatrain乘火车,在火车上inatrain在火车里onaplane乘飞机,在飞机上inaplane在飞机里onaship乘轮船,在轮船上inaship在轮船里,表达的位置不一样。
onabicycle,onamotorbike骑自行车/摩托车onahorse骑马on表通过,ontheradio,ontelevision通过广播、电视on表“靠近、接壤”KorealiesonthenortheastofChina.朝鲜位于中国东北方inthenortheastofChina指的是在中国东北这个范围里,如吉林不挨着用to,在范围内用in,如JapanliestothenortheastofChina.JilinliesinthenortheastofChina.)on表在左右边,ontheleft,ontheright在左边、在右边on表进行onsale在廉价出售,onshow在展览,onthemarch在行军中,onthemove在移动/活动中,ontherun在跑着ontheair在广播ontherise在上涨onduty在值日onwatch在值班/在放哨onparade在游行at强调点”,可翻译成“在…”“在…处”或者“在…旁”in则强调一个范围或在一个相对封闭的空间里,翻译成“在…”“在…里”有的地点不是相对封闭空间,如busstop,不能用in,有的地点是相对封闭空间,则in,at都可以用,有时差别不大,如attheoffice在办公室,intheoffice在办公室里。
有时差别很大,如,inthelostandfoundcase失物在失物招领的柜子里,人的话只能用atthelostandfoundcase在失物招领处再如,atthepark一般指公园门口,meetyouatthepark在公园处见面,可以换成in但是意思不一样,精心整理turnleftatthepark在公园处向左拐,不可以换成in,在公园里边向左拐的意思很奇怪但是可以这么用takeawalkinthepark在公园里散步根据不同情境选择介词,通过in和at的基本含义具体翻译就知道有无差别了以at为例at表在••处/旁attheentrance,在入口处atthebusstop,在公共汽车站点处atthestation,在车站,(inthestation在车站里,atthestation在车站处,比如门口或里边)atthecinema,在电影院(inthecinema在电影院里,atthecinema在电影院处,比女口门口)athome,在家(inmyhome几乎无差别)atmyaunt'在我姑姑家,atthedoctor在诊所/医务室atsmith在史密斯商店atschool,在校(inschool几乎无差别)但,on(the)campus在校园里attable在就餐/吃饭atthetable在饭桌旁attheairport在飞机场atthedoor/gate,在门/大门口atthetopofthemountain在山顶attheendoftheroad在路的尽头atthecrossroads在十字路口atthefootofthehill在山脚下atCenterStreet在中心街atNo.80BeijingRoad在北京路80号(at表住址,onCenterStreet则表示在中心街的街道上或者街道两侧商店的位置)精心整理attheside在一边atreception在招待会上atwork在工作atthemeeting在会议上attheparty在聚会上以in为例in表在…里In表示地点1)In表示比较大的地方,2)虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in•商店,机关,学校等,若看作一个地点(point)用at,若看作一个场所(place)用in.Imethimatthepost-office.I'mnowworkingintheposbffice.inLondon.我住在伦敦。
inFrance,atParis在法国巴黎相对法国来讲,巴黎只是一个“点”)inthecity在城市里,inthecountryside在农村里,但是,intown在城镇里,不加冠词inthemiddleoftheriver在河的中间infrontofthepostoffice在邮局的前边如指里边的前边加the,女口inthefrontoftheroom或者atthefrontofthestorein范围大,at范围小)在东方/西方/北方/南方inthecenterofthecity在城市的中心,如强调一点用at,atthecenterofthelake在这个湖的中心处intheeast/west/north/south精心整理inthemoonlight在月光下/里,inthesun在阳光下/里(注意不用under)intheopenair在空旷处,在户外inacar乘汽车inataxi乘的士inahelicopter乘直升机inaboat乘小船inalift(elevator)乘电梯inthenewspaper在报上(如文字、新闻等)(但,Thekeyisonthenewspaper.钥匙在报纸上,指报纸表面上。
Theboxisinthenewspaper.盒子在报纸里,指被报纸包裹了起来inthesky在空中intheteam在队伍里(如强调是队员,不是保健医的话,用ontheteam意思是playfortheteam或者beamemberoftheteam)inthechair在椅子上/里(现在的椅子一般都有扶手,用in,没有扶手则用onthechaironthebench/sofa在凳子/沙发上)inline在队伍里/排队,习惯不加a,inaqueue/row在队伍/在一排里严一、、选」:///、Jinpublic在公共场合=inpublicplacesinthefield(s)在田地里试比较:inthecorner(ofthewall),atthestreetcorner,onthecornerofthedeskinthecorner(ofthewall),在角落里,在墙角,精心整理atthestreetcorner,在街道拐角处,onthecornerofthedesk在桌角上,1).near,by,beside,at表示“在???????附近”的区别:near表示相对的“近”,实际距离可能还很远。
例如:Thereisapostofficenearourschool.SuzhouisnearShanghai.By和beside都表示“靠近”,实际距离不可能很远,但beside比by更具体的表示出“在??????房边”的意思例如:Thereisabigtreebytheriver.Hewassittingbesideher.by还可以表示“尺寸,距离”例如:Theyescapeddeathbyinches.Doyouseetheholehighupinthewall,about18cmby9?常用短语在英语中介词的使用频率比较高,而介词in,on和at又是介词中使用频率比较高的词,收集了介词in,on和at表示时间,地点和状态的常见的短语,请注意一些短语用不同的介词,意义不同,有些区别不大表示时间:in表示时间in1999,in20century,inaflash(瞬时),inaluckyhour(在幸运时刻),inaminute,inasecond,inashorttime,inawhile,inawink(—瞬间)inadvanee(预先),inanemergency(在紧急地时候),inanevilhour(在不幸地时刻),inaninstant,inancienttimes,inbroadday(在大白天),incourseof,(在…期精心整理间),inDecember,induecourse(及时地),infuture,ingoodseason(及时地),innotime(马上),inone'schildhood,inone'ssparetime,inone'steens,inone'syouth,inrecentyears,inseason(适时),inseconds(在很短的时间),insomecases有时候),inspring,intheafternoon,inthebeginning,inthedaytime,intheend,intheevening,inthefuture,inthelongrun(最后),inthemeantime,inthemorning,inthenickoftime(在紧急关头),inthenight,inthepast,inthethickof(在最激烈的时刻),inthethickof(在最激烈的时亥U),inthisperiod,inthosedays,intimeofwar,intime,on表示时间onacertainday,onasudden(突然),onawintermorning,onChristmasDay,onnightshift,onone'sbirthday,onschedule(按时),onSunday,onthatdate,ontheeveof,onthefollowingday,ontheinstant(马上),onthemoment(立刻),ontheMondaymorning,ontheNewYear'sEve,onthenextmorning,onthepointof(正在…时候),onthespurofthemoment(立刻)onthisday,onthisoccasion,ontime,at表示时间atatime(在某时),atawedding(婚礼),atalltimes(一直),atanymoment,atanytime,atChristmas,atdark(天黑时),atdawn(在黎明),atdaybreak,atdinner-time,atdusk(在黄昏),atEaster,atfirstsight,(—见至U),atfirst,atlast,atmidnight,atnight,atnightfall,atnoon,atpresent,atsixclock,atsunrise,atsunset,atthatmoment,atthattime,attheageof,atthebeginningof,atthecorrecttime,attheendof,atthelastminute,atthemoment,atthepresentstageatthesametime,atthestage(眼下)atthestart,atthetimebeing,atthetimeof,attheverystart,atthispoint(此时),atthisseason,atthistimeofday,attimes(有时)表示地点精心整理in表示地点inacar,inaqueue,inadvanceof(在…前面),inallthedirection,inappearance,incorners(在角落里)indoors,infront(of),ingoodlight(在光线好的地方),inheaven,inplace(position)(在适当地位置),inplaces(处处),inport(在港内),inpublicplaces,inshore(靠岸),insociety,intheair(在空中)inthebank,inthebook(书的内容里),inthecentre(在中央),inthecountryside,inthedistance(在远处那边),intheeastof(在…东部)intheeast,inthefields,inthefilm,inthefrontrank(在前列),inthefrontrow,inthelab,intheletter(信的内容),inthemiddleof,inthemoonlight,inthenewspaper(报纸的内容里),intheopenair(在户外),intheopen(在野夕卜),inthepicture,intherain,intheroom,intheshadeof,inthesky,inthesuburbsof,inthesunshine,inthetree,intheuniverse,inthevicinityof(在附近),inthewarm(在暖和的地方)intheworld,in(on)thebus,in(on)thestreet,onboard(在船上)oncamera(出现在电视上),oncampus,ondeck(在甲板上),onearth,on表示地点onhigh(在高处),onland,onthebank,onthebeach,ontheborders,ontheceiling,onthecoast,onthecommittee,onthecorner(在拐角处),ontheeastof(在…的东面)onthefarm,onthefirstfloor,onthefootballfield,onthe(play)ground,onthehorizon,ontheisland,ontheleft/right,.onthemarket,onthepage12,ontherailwayline,ontheriver,ontheroad,ontheroof,onthesea,ontheshore,onthesideof,ontheteam,onthetrack(在轨道上),onthewater(在水面上),ontopof,on(in)thewall,at表示地点atabookshop,atadistance(在远处),atthatplace,attheairport,atthebackof,atthebaseof,atthebottomof,atthecentre(of精心整理)(在中心),atthecorner,atthecrossroads,atthedesk(在书桌旁),atthedoor,attheedgeof,attheendof,atthefootof,atthefront,atthegate,attheheadof,atthemeeting,atthemine(在矿山),attheparty,attheplace,atthepub,attherearof,attheseaside,atthestation,atthestop,atthetopof,atthewindow,at(in)thecinema,at(in)thelibrary,at(in)theoffice,at(in)thevillage,at(on)theweekend表示状态in表示状态inprogress(在进行中),inadilemma(处于进退两难的境地),inahurry,inatightcorner(处于困难中),inaction(在行动中),inanemergency,(处于紧急情况中),inanxiety,inastonishment,inbadmood(心情不好),inbadtemper(心情不好,生气),inbed,inblossom(bloom)(在开花),inbonds(在拘留中),inchains(在囚禁中),incharge(看管),inchurch,inclass,incollision(在冲突中),incommission(在服役),ineondition(健康情况良好),inconfusion(在混乱中),incontrol(of),incourt(出庭),incustody(拘留),indanger,indebt(负债),indeepwater(s)(处于困境),indemand(有需求)indespair,indifficult,indispute(在争论),indoubt,inemployment,inexile(在流放),infearandtrembling(提心吊胆),inflight(飞行),inflood,infullblossom(开着花),ingoodcondition,ingoodhealth,inhighspirits,inhorror,inhospital,inisolation.inlove,inmotion,inneed(of)inoperation(在运转),inorder(状态良好),inpanic,inpeace(平安)(atpeace禾口平),inperil(处于危险),inplace,inpower,inpractice(在实践中),inpreparation,inprocess(在进行中),inproduction,inprogress(前进,进行中),inpursuit(在追赶中),inquestion(正被讨论),inrehearsal(在彩排),inretirement(退休),inretreat(在撤退)insail(张着帆)insecret,inservice,insession(在会议中),inshortsupply,insilence,insorrow,instock(有库存)instore(储藏精心整理着)insuccession,insurprise,insuspension悬浮中)intears(流着泪)inthefield(在作战),inthepress(在印刷),inthered(负债),inthesameboat(处境相同),intheworks(在计划中),inthought,intrade,intriumph,introuble,inuse,inview(被考虑),inwonder,inwork(有工作),inwork,in(at)college,in(at)school,in(at)university,on表示状态onadiet(在节食),onapicnic,onatrip,onavacationtrip,onavisit,onavoyage,onawalk,onapproval,onbendedknees(跪着)onbusiness,oncall(彳寺命)oncredit(赊帐),ondisplay,ondrill(在训练),onduty,onexhibition,onfire,onfoot,ongoodterms(友好),onguard,onhire(出租)onholiday,onleave,onloan(出借),onoffer(出售中),onone'sday(在最兴旺的日子),onone'sguard(警惕)onone'shoneymoon,onone'sknees,onone'smind(惦念),onone'sowntime(在非工作时间),onone'sround(出诊)onorder(已订购),onparade(在游行),onpatrol(巡逻)onsale(待售)onsale,onshow,onstream(在生产中)ontheair(在广播),onthealert(提防),ontheebb(在退潮),onthefeed(在进食),onthefly(在飞行中),ontheincrease/decrease(在增长/下降中),onthejob(工作着)onthelisten(在注意听),onthelurk(暗中行动),onthemarch(行军中),onthemove(在活动中)onthephone(在打)onthequiet(秘密地)ontherise(在严-\码」声心/'”/*,/)J上涨),ontherun(跑这),onthespot(在危险中,当场),onthestrike,ontheturn(在转变中)onthewatch(守侯着),ontheway(在途中),ontheway,ontour,ontrial,onvacation,onview(展览着),onwatch(值班),at表示状态atadisadvantage处不利地位),atalecture,atarun(跑着),atbreakfast,atcall(随叫随到),atchurch,atdinner,atease(悠闲自得),atfeed,atgaze,atgrassatgraze,(在吃草)athand(在手边),athigh/low(处于高潮/低潮中),atissue(在争论中),atlarge(未被捕),atleisure(空闲精心整理着),atmeals,atpeace,atplay,atrest,atschool,atstake(处在危险中),atstudy,attable(在吃饭),atthebar(受到公开审问),atthemeeting,atthepiano,atthewheel(在驾车),atwar,atwork。