2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The new policies will （ ） rather than help poor families.问题1选项A.hideB.hinderC.hintD.hind【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析A项动词hide “隐藏”，B项动词hinder “阻碍、打扰”，C项动词hint “暗示、示意”，D项形容词hind “后部的”；句意：新政策将阻碍而不是帮助贫困家庭因此B选项正确2. 单选题Soil on the mountain slopes is very susceptible （ ） erosion.问题1选项A.ofB.toC.withD.by【答案】B【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配A项of “……的”，B项to “到、朝、对于”，C项with “和……”，D项by “由、被、到……之前”；句意：山坡上的土壤很容易被侵蚀be susceptible to “易受……的影响”；因此B选项正确3. 单选题Some parents （ ） education with exam success.问题1选项A.equalB.equateC.equalizeD.equality【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项equal “等于”，B项equate “视为平等”，C项equalize “使相等”，D项名词equality “平等”；句意：有些父母把教育和考试成绩优秀视为一样因此B选项正确4. 单选题Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate milder, many animals are still hibernating. It's too bad that humans can't hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did.Apparently, at times in the past, peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end.In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radio's The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial lighting and the electric bulb.When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours' uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.In the past, without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors.According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia at midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn't help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night's continuous sleep, which sounds natural; however, according to Warren's theory, it is really the opposite of what we need.1. The example of the French peasants shows the fact that （ ）.2. The late night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for people （ ）.3. Thomas Edison is cited to show （ ）.4. What does the author advise people to do?5. What is most possibly the source of this article?问题1选项A.people might become lazy as a result of too much sleepB.there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habitsC.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weatherD.winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end问题2选项A.to set traps to catch animalsB.to wake up their family and neighborsC.to remind others of the timeD.to guard against possible dangers问题3选项A.insomnia is harmful to peopleB.human being cannot overcome insomniaC.a short period of consciousness during sleeping is normal for human beingD.great scientists must sleep less to make great inventions问题4选项A.Sleep in the way animals do.B.Consult a doctor if they can't sleep.C.Follow their natural sleep rhythm.D.Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.问题5选项A.scientific journalsB.history booksC.science fictionsD.fairy tales【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。
题干意思是“文中用法国农民的例子来体现一个什么事实呢？”第二段讲述了过去的法国农民等天气一变冷就会把自己关在屋子里几个月，什么都不做；这一例子是用来论证第一段的论点In fact, as a species, we almost did.”中，did指代前面提到的hibernate，表达的意思是“事实上，作为一个物种，我们都会冬眠”A项“因为睡太多的觉人们可能会变懒”和C项“在冬天人们睡得更安稳”没有提到；D项“冬天是人们可以睡好几个月的季节”，文中只是提到天气变冷，法国农民就会把自己关到屋子里，并没有说一直睡觉因此此题B项正确2.【试题解析】细节事实题题干意思是“深夜被叫作‘The Watch’是因为这个时间是人们要干……的时候？”从第五段最后一句It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors.（那时人们实际上是在监视野生动物，尽管许多动物只是四处走动或者逗留一会可以看出The Watch是代表到了人们要监视外面可能的危险的时间。
A项“设陷阱抓动物”，没有提到；B项“叫醒他们的邻居和家人”，文中只是提到这些动物只是在邻居门前逗留一会，该项不符合题意；C项“提醒其他人时间”，这个时间只是提醒守夜的人要开始监视外面，没有提醒其他人因此该题D项正确3.【试题解析】细节事实题题干意思是“在这里引用托马斯·爱迪生是用来表示……？”第六段提到在午夜短时间的失眠是正常的，第三句接着提到Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be…Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his ideas.（人类在睡眠时还会经历另一种意识状态，这种状态发生在我们入睡前或早上醒来之前的短暂时间里对某些人来说，这段时期是极具创造力的时期令人印象深刻的发明家，托马斯·爱迪生，就是在这种状态下想出了他的许多想法。
可知睡眠时短暂的意识状态对人来说是正常的A项“失眠对人类有伤害”，倒数第二段第一句a short period of insomnia at midnight is not a disorder（午夜时分短暂的失眠并不是一种疾病），提到短暂失眠是正常的，而失眠对人类有伤害没有提到；B项“人类不能克服失眠”，最后一段有提到可以服用药物，但是这不是引用爱迪生例子的目的；D项“为了发明科学家睡得都很少”，文中只是说这种短暂的意识状态适合创造，没有说科学家睡得少因此该题C项正确4.【试题解析】判断推理题题干意思是“作者建议人们去做什么？”最后一段说Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in.（调整你的睡眠节奏可能是冒险的，因为焦虑可能会出现），但最后一句It offers us medicines for a full night's continuous sleep, which sounds natural; however, according to Warren's theory, it is really the opposite of what we need.（医学为我们提供了整夜不会间断睡眠的药物，这听起来很自然；然而，根据沃伦的理论，这确实与我们所需要的相反），由此看出，作者是建议人们跟随自己自然的睡眠规律。
A项“和动物的睡觉方式一样”，只是建议遵循自己的睡眠规律，没有一定要和动物睡眠规律一样；B项“如果不能睡着咨询医生”，这不是作者阐述的建议；D项“保持八小时睡眠模式”最后一段没有提到因此C项“跟随自然的睡眠规律”正确5.【试题解析】判断推理题题干意思是“这篇文章的来源最有可能是来自于哪里？”本文论述了研究者发现在过去人类也像其他动物一样有冬眠时期，现在的八小时睡眠只是现代被改变的睡眠方式，文章有论有据，可以推断出这是一篇科普类文章B项“历史书”，C项“科幻小说”，D项“神话故事”；因此A选项正确5. 单选题President Coolidge's statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.1. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “（ ）”.2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only （ ）.3. Who can benefit from business competition?4. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by （ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes （ ）.问题1选项A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business问题2选项A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition问题3选项A.Honest businessmenB.Both businessmen and their customersC.People with ideals of equality and freedomD.Both business institutions and government问题4选项A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership问题5选项A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB.in many countries success often depends on one's social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】语义推测题。
题干意思是“句子‘The business of America is business’可能是什么意思？”第一段truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.（真相就是在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类型的组织有更多的威望）说明美国人很关注商业因此The business of America is business表达的意思是“商业是美国人第一关心的”A选项“美国商业机构关注的是商业”，这个选项逻辑没问题，但是比较片面；B项“商业问题对美国政府很重要”和D项“美国是全球商业的强国”没提到故该题选C2.【试题解析】细节事实题题干意思是“美国人相信他们只有怎样才能实现他们的个人价值？”第二段最后一句Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.（竞争不仅本身是良好的，它还是一种保护手段，其他基本的美国人价值观都是受它的保护，如个人自由、机会均等和努力工作等），由此可知美国人是可以通过竞争实现他们的个人价值。
B项“通过做生意”没有提到，A项“给予平等的机会”和C项“保护个人自由”都是包括在竞争的保护机制里面，最终还是通过竞争才能实现自己的价值因此D选项正确3.【试题解析】细节事实题题干意思是“商业竞争对谁有利？”第三段第三句if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly.（如果一个商业机构试图不公平地利用它的顾客，它就会输给那些对待顾客更公平的竞争对手），由此推断出竞争不仅有利于顾客的利益，也有利于公平对待客户的商业机构A项“诚实的商人”不够全面；C项“拥有平等和自由理想的人们”和D项“商业机构和政府”中的政府均未提及因此B选项“商人和顾客”正确4.【试题解析】判断推理题题干意思是“人们认为政府与商业有显著的不同，因为政府的特点是什么？”第四段第一句A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly.（竞争的商业和政府的垄断总是经常拿来对比），可以推断出政府和商业竞争相比，政府的垄断是权利上的操控，B项“保护个人自由的功能”这是竞争的特点；C项“保护美国基本价值观方面的作用”没有提到；D项“行使领导的民主方式”，只提到了政府的垄断，没有提到民主。
因此A选项“对权利的绝对控制”正确5.【试题解析】推理判断题题干意思是“从这篇文章可以推断出作者相信什么？”最后一段第三句Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background.（竞争的成功被美国人视为基于家庭背景而产生的社会地位的替代），即美国是不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位，从而推断出，相反其他国家就要依靠社会地位A项“美国人比其他国家的人更具野心”、C项“美国商业比其他国家更民主”和D项“其他国家的商业不像美国商业一样有竞争性”没有提到因此B选项“许多国家的成功取决于一个人的社会地位”正确6. 单选题There is a risk that （ ） chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.问题1选项A.destructiveB.toxicC.evilD.vicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析A项destructive “破坏性的、毁灭性的”，B项toxic “有毒的”，C项evil“邪恶的”，D项vicious “恶毒的”；句意：毁灭性的化学物质有在空中爆炸的危险。
因此A选项正确7. 单选题As noted, among those who were cognitively normal at the start of the study, （ ） alcohol drinkers appeared to be protected against dementia.问题1选项A.moderateB.minimumC.mediumD.middle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析A项moderate “有节制的”，B项minimum “最小的”，C项medium“中间的”，D项middle “中等的”；句意：特别提到的是，在研究最初，认知正常，饮酒适度的人表现出对老年痴呆更好的防御能力因此A选项正确8. 单选题Some things simply cannot be altered and （ ） people accept this, not wasting energy on trying to do the impossible.问题1选项A.roughB.plasticC.harshD.resilient【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析A项rough “粗糙的”，B项plastic “塑料的”，C项harsh “严厉的、刺耳的”，D项resilient “可迅速恢复的、坚韧的”；句意：有些东西根本无法改变，有韧性的人能接受这一点，不会浪费精力来做不可能的事。
因此D选项正确9. 单选题Alcohols can also （ ） judgment to the extent that you may not make the best or brightest decisions in a cold weather emergency.问题1选项A.impartB.impactC.impairD.impose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析A项impart “传授”，B项impact “影响”，C项impair “损害、削弱”，D项impose “利用”；句意：酒精也会影响你的判断力，让你在寒冷天气的紧急情况下无法做出最佳或最明智的决定因此B选项正确10. 单选题I'm worried about washing that shirt in case it （ ）.问题1选项A.decreasesB.contractsC.constringesD.shrinks【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析A项decrease “减少”，B项contract “收缩”，C项constringe “使收敛”，D项名词shrink “缩水”；句意：我不敢洗那件衬衫，怕它会缩水。
因此D选项正确11. 单选题When it works, it can be fantastic, but can very easily （ ） into a nightmare of the most serious proportions.问题1选项A.backwashB.backdateC.backlashD.backfire【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析A项backwash “回流、反响”，B项backdate “回溯”，C项backlash “强烈反对”，D项backfire“产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果”；句意：当它发挥作用时，可能是非常奇妙的，但也很容易事与愿违，变成最严重的噩梦因此D选项正确12. 单选题The discussion quickly （ ） into an angry argument.问题1选项A.deterioratedB.aggravatedC.increaseD.declined【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析A项deteriorate “恶化”，B项aggravate “加重、激怒”，C项increase “提高”，D项decline “拒绝”；句意：这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。
因此A选项正确13. 单选题A piece of glass was embedded （ ） her hand.问题1选项A.withB.withinC.inD.inside【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配A项with “和……”，B项within “在……之内”，C项in “在……里”，D项inside “内部、内侧”；句意：一块玻璃扎在她的手上embed in “嵌入”；因此C选项正确14. 单选题The law can （ ） fathers to make regular payments for their children.问题1选项A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析A项compel “强迫、迫使”，B项comply “遵守、顺从”，C项complain “抱怨”，D项combine “联合、结合”；句意：这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女的费用因此A选项正确15. 单选题All the evidence （ ） that he stole the money.问题1选项A.recommendsB.proposesC.suggestsD.advises【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项recommend “建议、推荐”，B项propose “建议、打算、求婚”，C项suggest “提议、显示、暗示”，D项advise “劝告、忠告”；句意：所有的证据都显示是他偷了钱因此C选项正确16. 单选题The （ ） for travelling without a ticket is £ 200.问题1选项A.penalB.panelC.panelizeD.penalty【答案】D【解析】考查形近词及词义辨析A项形容词penal “刑事的、刑罚的”，B项名词panel “仪表盘、陪审团”，C项动词panelize “处罚、处刑”，D项名词penalty “罚款、罚金”；句意：长途旅行不买票罚款200镑因此D选项正确17. 单选题A few months of grooming, mentors and founders can then （ ） hundreds of people to watch their company's official introduction to society.问题1选项A.summonB.uniteC.gatherD.assemble【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项summon “召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie “团结、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather “聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble “集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍因此A选项正确18. 单选题 Put both vegetables into a bowl and （ ） with a potato masher.问题1选项A.crashB.crushC.clashD.crack【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析A项crash “碰撞”，B项crush “压碎”，C项clash “冲突”，D项crack “使破裂”；句意：把这两种蔬菜都放进碗里，用捣土豆器捣碎因此B选项正确19. 单选题This will allow our citizens to build connections with peoples overseas and to develop skills and contacts that will help them （ ） in the global economy.问题1选项A.surviveB.striveC.thriveD.stride【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项survive “生存”，B项strive “努力、奋斗”，C项thrive “繁荣”，D项stride “跨过”；句意：这将使我们的公民与海外人民建立联系，发展技能和增加接触，帮助他们在全球经济环境中生存因此A选项正确20. 单选题Just as there are teachers who simply go through the motions and drag us through the material in order to complete a required course, there are companies and jobs and bosses that do the same. That doesn't mean you have to live with it. Avoid those fear-run workplaces. Quit those jobs. Ask your friends about where they work, or about companies they've read about or heard about where passion, excitement, and human energy are valued above all else. In those places, you will find that fear is not primary motivator for getting to results.Although I've found that most organizations do not focus on their culture, there are also a significant number of companies who are quite clear about what they are trying to achieve. Those companies have a mission and a purpose in what they do. The people who work there are focused not on themselves, but on those they serve. They are working on something much bigger than themselves. I learned to love my job by connecting it to joy: joy for our customers, joy for the end users of our products, joy for my team, and personal joy in what we were doing.Many believe this kind of mission focus can only occur in the non-profit world. This couldn't be further from the truth. There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small. They are still rare, though, so it won't necessarily be easy to find them, but it is worth your time to pursue this search. Some of you will be inclined to do what I ultimately did and start your own firm, with its own mission and purpose. Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit: I wanted to create a company that I loved. I created my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.To learn to love your job, it's important to find a job where learning is a requirement to success. Learning produces joy, regardless of the industry you're in. Become a student again. Read books, study organizations, and stretch yourself to try new things. If you are in a technical or a support role, volunteer for sales support assignments and watch how your company interacts with its customers. Sign up for trade show booth duty and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours. Learn to present in front of others. Sign up to speak at conferences, and then go listen to other speakers. Find the ideas, the people and the companies that inspire you.1. The author's purpose in using teachers as an example is to （ ）.2. The author favors companies that （ ）.3. By “This couldn't be further from the truth” (Line 1, Para. 3), the author means he thinks （ ）.4. What do we learn about the author's joy for his job?5. What suggestion does the author make at the end of the passage?问题1选项A.emphasize the value of commitmentB.show concern for bad work performanceC.point out the importance of job trainingD.argue against fear-run workplaces问题2选项A.are big and ambitiousB.are customer-orientedC.motivate employees with rewardsD.focus on their self-image问题3选项A.the non-profit world has hidden rulesB.a mission tells truth about a companyC.the statement is absolutely falseD.a company truly goes after profits问题4选项A.It depends largely on his free will and selfish pursuit.B.It comes from the satisfaction of people in his company.C.It enables him to inspire people working around him.D.It is based on his own firm belief in his business skills.问题5选项A.Seize opportunities to learn on the job.B.Play a variety of roles to be successful.C.Keep a good relationship with customers.D.Seek other firms that need your skills.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】观点态度题。
题干意思是“作者使用教师的例子是为了……？”第一段陈述的例子是“有些老师只是走过场敷衍的讲完授课的内容，以便完成一项规定的课程”，然后第三句提到Avoid those fear-fun workplace.（避开那些让人恐惧得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子来表达他对这种公司的反对态度A选项“强调贡献的价值”，文中是强调快乐的工作，不是贡献就会快乐；B选项“对不好的工作表现的关注”，文中关注的是如何快乐工作；C选项“指出工作培训的重要性”文中没有提到因此该题D正确2.【试题解析】判断推理题题干意思是“作者支持……的公司？”第二段第三句The people who work there are focused not on t。