2022年考博英语-西南大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Within ten years they have tamed the （ ）hill into green woods.问题1选项A.vacantB.barrenC.weirdD.wasteful【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析vacant “空虚的；空的”； barren “贫瘠的；不生育的”; weird “怪异的”； wasteful “浪费的”句意：十年时间他们把荒山变成了绿色林地选项B符合题意2. 单选题A careful daily reading of the newspaper will （ ）the reader as to what is happening.问题1选项A.acquaintB.adviseC.enlightenD.appreciate【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析acquaint“使了解，使熟知”；advise “劝告”；enlighten “启发，开导”；appreciate “欣赏，赏识”句意：每天仔细阅读报纸能启发读者，使他们知道正在发生的事情选项C符合题意。
3. 单选题American literary historians are perhaps （ ）to viewing their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness.问题1选项A.proneB.legibleC.incompatibleD.prior【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析prone “有……倾向的”；legible “清晰的”；incompatible “不相容的，不能并存的”；prior “优先的”句意：美国文学史家也许倾向于狭隘地看待他们国家的文学，误把卓越当独特选项A符合题意4. 单选题Spread across the United States are about 500,000 doctors, cheeked by jowl, in the big cities and thin on the ground in isolated small towns. In June 1986, the secretary of health and human services, Dr. Otis Bowen, passed on a view of his experts: 5%-15% of America’s 500,000 doctors should be candidates for disciplinary action, many of them because of drug taking or alcoholism. Others give their patients poor care because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with developments in medicine.The granting, or withdrawal, of licenses to practice is in the hands of state medical boards, but they are overwhelmed with complaints and lack the money to handle even a fraction of them. Recently, however, things have been changing. In 1985, 406 doctors lost their licenses (compared with 255 in 1984), nearly 500 were placed on probation and nearly 1,000 received reprimands or had their right to practice curtailed. The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right for the states and the federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refuse payment to the doctors considered unsatisfactory.Yet putting these powers into practice is proving to be far from easy. Of the 35 doctors so far denied reimbursement from Medicare, almost all work in lightly populated rural areas. On March 27th, their indignation and that of their patients were a sympathetic hearing by the Senate Finance Committee. Rural doctors may not be as up to date as those in the big towns, but they are often the only source of medical help for miles around and their patients are loyal to them. Members of the review boards, which are paid by the government, insist, however, that elderly and poor people should not be forced to receive (and the state to pay for) inferior care.An innovation is on the horizon in Texas, the most under-doctored state in the country (with only one doctor for every 1,100 residents). Lubbock University is setting up a computer network that will enable country doctors to obtain medical expertise and access to medical records in a hurry. The aim is to reduce the isolation of the country doctors and thus, in the long run, to attract more young doctors to rural areas.1.The main topic of the passage is （ ）.2.According to the text, disciplinary action should be taken against those who give patients poor care because of the following reasons EXCEPT（ ）. 3.Which of the following is true about the unfit doctors?4.It can be inferred from the text that in the near future（ ）. 5.The paragraph following the text would probably discuss（ ）.问题1选项A.the present situation of American doctorsB.the legislation on rural medical servicesC.the problems of country doctors and possible solutionsD.some factors of disqualification of country doctors问题2选项A.taking drugs and drinking alcoholB.feeling remorse of their bad behaviorC.being professional unskillfulD.being sick and conservative问题3选项A.1,500 doctors were deprived of the right to practice medicine.B.The federal government has got the right to deny reimbursement to those unqualified doctors.C.Almost all the doctors who fail to get payment from Medicare work in densely populated urban areas.D.Patients in the rural areas complain about the poor treatment their doctors give them.问题4选项A.there will be more qualified doctors in rural areasB.there will be an even more serious imbalance of the number of rural and urban doctorsC.country doctors are competitive in breaking medical recordsD.more patients will go to rural areas for medical treatment问题5选项A.problems of urban doctorsB.other solutions to improve the present situationC.research in medical scienceD.reduction of staff in rural hospitals【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.文章提到美国有一部分医生由于各种原因受到处罚（many of them because of drug taking or alcoholism. Others give their patients poor care because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with developments in medicine），有的甚至被吊销执照。
所以本文主要讲述的是美国医生的现状选项A符合题意2.文章第一段最后一句Others give their patients poor care because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with developments in medicine提到对不能为患者提供良好护理治疗的医生进行训练的原因，因此可以知道选项A “吸毒和酗酒”不包含在内，符合题意3.文章第二段最后一句The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right for the states and the federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refuse payment to the doctors considered unsatisfactory提到联邦政府通过了可以不支付医药费给那些不合格的医生，因此选项B符合题意。
4.文章第三段提到农村这些偏远地方的居民不希望因为某些医生专业能力不足而被吊销执照，尽管如此，审查委员仍然坚持认为老人和穷人不应该接受劣等治疗所以可以推测委员会以后还是会吊销那些不合格医生的营业执照第四段提到Lubbock大学正在帮助乡村医生获得医疗经验，目的是为了吸引更多年轻医生去乡村（The aim is to reduce the isolation of the country doctors and thus, in the long run, to attract more young doctors to rural areas）所以可以推断未来乡村合格医生会越来越多5.文章前面三段都在叙述美国少部分医生专业能力不合格以及城乡分配不均匀的情况，第四段提到了改善这一状况的做法，因此，接下来作者可能会探讨除了Lubbock大学之外其他机构对此问题的解决方法选项B符合题意5. 单选题The age of the general practitioner is over. More and more graduates of medical schools tend to （ ）, that is, to concentrate on limited areas of their research.问题1选项A.generalizeB.rationalizeC.studyD.specialize【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。
generalize “概括”；rationalize “使合理化”；study “研究，学习”；specialize “专攻”句意：全科医生的时代过去了越来越多的医科学校的毕业生倾向于专攻，即专心把精力集中在有限的领域选项D符合题意6. 单选题In the future the little privacy we now have will be gone. Some people call this loss of privacy ’’Orwellian"，harking back to 1984. George Orwell’s classic work on privacy and autonomy. In that book, Orwell imagined a future in which a totalitarian state used spies, video surveillance, and control over the media to maintain its power. But the age of monolithic state control is over. The future we're rushing toward isn't one in which our every move is watched and recorded by an all-known government. It is instead a future of a hundred electronic monitors who constantly watch and interrupt our daily lives, and where threats to privacy find their roots in the free market, advanced technology, and the unbridled exchange of electronic information.The problem with the word "privacy"’ is that it falls short of conveying the really big picture. Privacy isn't just about hiding things. It’s about self-possession, autonomy, and integrity. As we move into the computerized world of the 21 century, privacy will be one of our most important civil rights. But this right of privacy isn't the right of people to close their doors and pull down their window shades-perhaps because they want to engage in some sort of illicit or illegal activity. It’s the right of people to control which details about their lives stay inside their own houses and which leak to the outside.Today's war on privacy is intimately related to the recent dramatic advances in technology. Many people today say that in order to enjoy the benefits of modem society, we must necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy. If we want the convenience of paying for a meal by credit card, then we must accept the routine collection of our purchases in a large database over which we have no control.This trade-off is both unnecessary and wrong. It reminds me of another crisis our society faced back in the fifties and sixties-the environmental crisis. Then, advocates of big business said that poisoned rivers and lakes were the necessary costs of economic development, jobs, and an improved standard of living. Poison was progress: anybody who argued otherwise simply didn’t understand the facts.Today we know better. Today we know that sustainable economic development depends on preserving the environment. Similarly, in order to reap the benefits of technology. It is more important than ever for us to use technology to protect personal freedom.1.The passage indicates that privacy is （ ）.2.In line 18, the underlined ”degree” most nearly means（ ）. 3.Lines 18-20("If we....control”) primarily serve to（ ）. 4.The statements in lines 24-25(’’poison" facts”) is intended to represent the point of view of（ ）. 5.The passage concludes by suggesting that if technology is to have a positive effect on people’s lives, then（ ）. 6.The author supports the idea that privacy can be protected（ ）.问题1选项A.less valued by people than it once wasB.difficult to maintain in the contemporary worldC.necessary for individual freedomD.a stumbling block to economic growth问题2选项A.stageB.sequenceC.measureD.standing问题3选项A.introduce an additional pointB.discourage a course of actionC.question a decisionD.illustrate a preceding statement问题4选项A.big businessB.environmentC.the authorD.the public问题5选项A.individual rights must be expandedB.protective measures must be takenC.technological advances must be supportedD.further research must be found问题6选项A.at a modest cost to most businessB.with the help of new technologiesC.without giving up valued servicesD.through appropriate government interventions【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C第6题:B【解析】1.文章第一句提到在未来，我们现在拥有的隐私都会消失（In the future the little privacy we now have will be gone.），未来将会有100台电子监视器不断监视和干扰我们的日常生活，对隐私的威胁根源于自由市场、先进的科学技术和电子信息交流（It is instead a future of a hundred electronic monitors who constantly watch and interrupt our daily lives, and where threats to privacy find their roots in the free market, advanced technology, and the unbridled exchange of electronic information）。
选项B “隐私在当代世界很难维持”符合题意2.题干中的单词出现在文章第三段第二句话Many people today say that in order to enjoy the benefits of modem society, we must necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy （今天很多人说，为了享受现代社会的好处，我们必须放弃一定……隐私），由some这个词可以推测这里指的是“一定程度上的隐私”选项C符合题意，表示“程度；测量”3.文章第三段最后一句话If we want the convenience of paying for a meal by credit card, then we must accept the routine collection of our purchases in a large database over which we have no control提到如果我们想要用信用卡支付餐费的方便，那么我们必须在一个我们无法控制的大型数据库中接受日常的采购收集这个具体的例子是为了说明前文提到的“为了享受一些权益，我们必须放弃一定程度上的隐私”（Many people today say that in order to enjoy the benefits of modem society, we must necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy）。
选项D符合题意4.文章倒数第二段最后两句话提到大企业的拥护者认为有毒的河流和湖泊是经济增长必须的代价毒药就是进步：那些反对的人是不了解这个事实（Then, advocates of big business said that poisoned rivers and lakes were the necessary costs of economic development, jobs, and an improved standard of living. Poison was progress: anybody who argued otherwise simply didn’t understand the fact）所以可以知道关于“毒药”这些观点是一些大企业的观点，选项A符合题意5.文章最后一段提到可持续的发展取决于保护环境为了从技术那获得好处，利用技术来保护个人自由比以往任何时候更重要，因此，选项C “先进的技术必须得到支持”符合题意6.文章中提到今天的隐私战争是由科学技术的发展引起的，也提到可以通过利用一些技术来保护隐私，选项B符合题意7. 单选题According to Plato, the most important idea is the idea of “good”. Knowledge of "good" is the object of all inquiry, a goal to which all other things are（ ）.问题1选项A.approximateB.crucialC.subordinateD.detached【答案】C【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。
approximate “近似的，大约”；crucial “决定性的”；subordinate “下级的”；detached “不受他人影响的，公正的”句意：柏拉图最重要的思想是“好”对于“好”的理解是所有调查的目标，其它所有的事情都属于这个目标选项C符合题意8. 单选题To everyone's surprise, the woman candidate from a small party （ ）the poll in the first round of voting.问题1选项A.eclipsedB.outshinedC.toppedD.deprived【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析eclipse “遮住……的光”; outshine “使相形见绌”；top “超过”；deprive “剥夺，使丧失”句意：让每个人惊讶的是，来自一个小政党的女候选人在第一轮投票中领先选项C符合题意9. 单选题Although it was his first experience as chairman: he （ ）over the meeting with great skill.问题1选项A.presidedB.administeredC.masteredD.executed【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。
preside over “主持”选项A符合题意10. 单选题According to legal provisions, the properties will either （ ）the original owner or else be sold at auction.问题1选项A.commit toB.back toC.proceed toD.revert to【答案】D【解析】考察动词词组辨析commit to “把……投入”；back to “后退到”；proceed to “继续下去”；revert to “回复；归还”句意：根据法律规定，这些财产将归还给原主，否则就被拍卖选项D符合题意11. 翻译题Translate the following passage into ChineseShe could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that has met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window. She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.【答案】她能够看见屋前广场上树木的树梢在新春的气息中颤动着。
空气中弥漫着雨后的清香街角处一个商贩正在叫卖远处的歌声隐约传来，无数麻雀在屋檐下叽叽喳喳地叫着透过窗户往上看，一片片蓝天从云层中穿过，层层叠叠显现出来她坐着，脑袋向后仰在椅子靠垫上，一动不动，只是喉咙中的抽泣声将她摇了起来，如同一个哭着睡着的孩子在梦中继续抽泣一般她很年轻，有一张白皙、平静的脸，脸部线条显示出一种压抑甚至是某种力量但是现在她眼神呆滞，目光正盯着那片蔚蓝的天空这不是条件反射地一瞥，而是智慧思考的停顿12. 单选题Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very （ ）.问题1选项A.intriguingB.indefmiteC.obscureD.dubious【答案】C【解析】考察形容词词义辨析intriguing “有趣的，迷人的”；indefinite “不确定的”；obscure “昏暗的，朦胧的”；dubious "可疑的；半信半疑的”句意：很少有有人能够理解教授演讲的内容，因为主题非常晦涩选项C符合题意13. 单选题They are （ ）investors who always make thorough investigations both on local and international markets before making an investment.问题1选项A.indecisiveB.implicitC.cautiousD.conscious【答案】C【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。
indecisive “犹豫不决的”；implicit“含蓄的；暗示的”；C. cautious “谨慎的”；conscious “意识到的”句意：他们是谨慎的投资者，在做出每笔投资前，总是要对当地和国际市场进行调研选项C符合题意14. 单选题With the rapid globalization of science itself (more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin), the once undisputed U.S. scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing.The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S. graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S. students, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S. students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition (whether imported or available through better communication), also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students.With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process, the” speculative boom of the 1990s (which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly) was largely unexpected. The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while, the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path likely will revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish, in a healthy way, the more traditional (and more independent) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions, and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S. customer. Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away. The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into ever more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.1.The rapid globalization of science（ ）. 2.According to this text （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the text that（ ）. 4.All of the following might have contributed to globalization except（ ）. 5.This text is mainly about（ ）.问题1选项A.has led to the rapid growth of the InternetB.has diminished the relative rewards of science and engineering careersC.has resulted in the fierce competition of scientific training in the USD.has contributed to the diminish of U.S. scientific leadership问题2选项A.the careers unattractive to U.S. students may not be so to foreign studentsB.science and engineering careers are unattractive exclusively to U.S. studentsC.U.S. students are not courageous enough to face foreign competitionD.U.S. students are not well prepared to compete with foreign students问题3选项A.scientists rarely expect to make money from their discoveries in basic scienceB.it will be much easier to convert scientific findings into cash in the near futureC.the boom of the 1990s could be considered somewhat unhealthyD.the boom of the 1990s will last at least for several decades问题4选项A.the unprecedented development of InternetB.the closer contact of universities with private marketsC.real-time communication between business functionsD.the prevalence of wide-band width international communication问题5选项A.the scientific leadership of the U.SB.the shortage of scientists in the U. SC.The rapid globalization of scienceD.Better communication and globalization【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段提到美国40%的博士生都是来自其他国家，而这些学生在美国接受完教育后选择回到自己的祖国，因此，随着科学本身的国际化，美国在科学界领域的地位正在下降（is diminishing）。
选项D符合题意2.文章第二段提到了美国本国的学生与国外留学生对工作选择的期望不同：那些来自于低收入国家的学生会对一个研究助理的职位趋之若鹜，而本国的学生却对此不感兴趣，他们有更好的选择(see better options in other fields)选项A “对于美国本国学生没有吸引力的工作，对外国学生却有着吸引力”符合题意3.文章第三段前半部分提到90年代的投机性高涨（speculative boom），这种高涨导致学校里的老师只想尽可能多的去获得更多的经济利益 (the boom brought uni。