中国历史与文化京剧 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera功夫 Kungfu 太极 Tai Chi口技 ventriloquism 木偶戏 puppet show皮影戏 shadow play 折子戏 opera highlights杂技 acrobatics 相声 witty dialogue comedy刺绣 embroidery 苏绣 Suzhou embroidery泥人 clay figure 书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting 水墨画 Chinese brush painting中国结 Chinese knot 中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药 gunpowder 印刷术 printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass青铜器 bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain ; china 唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonne 秋千 swing 武术 martial art 儒家思想 Confucianism 儒家文化 Confucian culture 道教 Taoism墨家 Mohism 法家 Legalism 佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孙子 Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters 《大学》 The Great Learning《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》 The Analects of Confucius《孟子》 The Mencius《孙子兵法》 The Art of War《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms《西游记》 Journey to the West文房四宝（笔墨纸砚） the Four Treasures of the Study ( brush ,ink stick ,paper , and ink stone ) 《红楼梦》 Dream of Red Mansions《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes《山海经》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror《春秋》 The Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》 Historical Records《诗经》 The Book of Songs《易经》 The I Ching; /The Book of Changes《礼记》 The Book of Rites 《三字经》 Three-character Scriptures八股文 eight-part essay五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave旗袍 cheongsam / Chi-pao中山装 Chinese tunic suit 唐装 Tang suit风水 Fengshui; /geomantic omen阳历 Solar calendar阴历 Lunar calendar闰年 leap year十二生肖 zodiac春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb Festival / Tomb-sweeping Festival端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day重阳节 the Double-ninth Day七夕节 the Double-seventh Day春联 spring couplets庙会 temple fair爆竹 firecracker年画 （traditional) New Year pictures压岁钱 New Year gift-money 舞龙 dragon dance踩高跷 stilt walking赛龙舟 dragon boat race胡同 hutong山东菜 Shandong cuisine川菜 Sichuan cuisine粤菜 Canton cuisine扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine月饼 moon cake年糕 rice cake油条 deep-fried dough sticks豆浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed buns花卷 steamed twisted rolls包子 steamed stuffed buns北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck拉面 hand-stretched noodles馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu; /bean curd麻花 fried dough twist烧饼 clay oven rolls皮蛋 preserved egg; / 100-year egg; /century egg; / thousand-year egg 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg糖葫芦 Candid haws in a stick 火锅 hot pot长城 the Great Wall of China 烽火台 beacon tower秦始皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qingshihuang兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路 the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山 Wutai Mountain九华山 Jiuhua Mountain 峨眉山 Mount Emei泰山 Mount Tai 黄山 Mount Huangshang ; /the Yellow Mountain故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven 午门 Meridian Gate 大运河 Grand Canal护城河 the Moat 回音壁 Echo Wall居庸关 Juyongguan Pass 九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭 Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫 Potala Palace鼓楼 drum tower四合院 quadrangle；courtyard complex孔庙 Confucius Temple乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha喇嘛 Lama转世灵童 reincarnated soul boy中药 traditional Chinese medicine《皇帝内经》 Emperor Huangdi’s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine《神农本草经》 Shennong’s Herbal Classic《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica针灸 acupuncture推拿 medical massage切脉 feeling the pulse五禽戏 five-animal exercises旧石器时代 the Paleolithic Age新石器时代 the Neolithic Age; /New Stone Age母系氏族社会 matriarchal clan society封建的 feudal朝代 dynasty秦朝 Qin Dynasty汉朝 Han Dynasty唐朝 Tang Dynasty宋朝 Song Dynasty元朝 Yuan Dynasty南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising918事变 September 18th Incident长征 the Long March西安事变 Xi’an Incident南京大屠杀 Nanjing Massacre抗日战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan毛泽东 Mao Tse-tong孙中山 Sun Yat-sen蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek国民党 Kuomingtang中华人民共和国 the People’s Republic of China满族 Manchu蒙古人 Mongol士大夫 scholar-officials学者 scholar诗人 poet政治家 statesman社会地位 social status中国社会多元文化论 cultural pluralism 文化适应 acculturation社会保障 social security 班车 shuttle bus 搬迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent福利彩票 welfare lotteries 家政服务 household management service 民工 migrant laborers名人 celebrity 农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers青春期 puberty 全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign全国人口普查 nationwide census 社会保险 social insurance暂住证 temporary residence permit/card青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency 性骚扰 sexual harassment走私 smuggling 性别歧视 sexual/gender discrimination年龄歧视 age discrimination 工作歧视 job discrimination 享乐主义 hedonism 文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies 一国两制 One Country, Two Systems 三个代表 the Three Represents Theory两会（人大，政协）Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperation 南北对话 North-South Dialog 人大常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放 reform and opening-up 公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work和谐并存 harmonious coexistence 计划生育 family planning 计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning 精神文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education可持续发展 sustainable development廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency两岸关系 cross-straits relations 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations领土完整 territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit普选制 general election system 求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences人大代表 NPC member 物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization 小康社会 a well-off society 小康水品 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望 common desire “走出去”战略 going global不结盟 non-alignment 单边主义 unilateralism多边政策 multilateralism 多极世界 multipolar word 人口老龄化 aging of population 人口出生率 birth date 社区服务 community service 道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款 embezzlement 成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education充电 update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town 大学社区 college community高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering师范学院 teachers college; /normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考 university/college entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan 教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take an entrance exam for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 selective/optional course基础课 basic courses专业课 specialized courses课程表 school schedule教学大纲 teaching program; /syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling学分 credit启发式教学 heuristic人才交流 talent exchange人才战 competition for talented people商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC)适龄儿童入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; /enrollment rate硕博连读 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study素质教育 quality-oriented education填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching希望工程 Project Hope走读生 extern ;/non-resident student住宿生 boarder研究生 graduate student; /post-graduate (student)应届毕业生 graduating student; /current year’s student毕业分配生 graduate placement; /assignment of graduate校园数字化 campus digitalization校园文化 campus culture 学汉语热 enthusiasm in learning Chinese学历教育 education with record of formal schooling学龄儿童 school-ager学前教育 preschool education学生减负 alleviate the burden on students应试教育 exam-oriented education职业道德 work ethics; /professional ethics记者招待会 press conference国家教委 State Education Commission国家统计局 State Statistical Bureau职业培训 job training职业文盲 functional illiterate智力引进 recruit/introduce( foreign) talents智商 intelligence quotient( IQ)助学行动 activity to assist the impoverished students网络世界 cyber world网络文化 cyber culture网络犯罪 cyber crime网上购物 online shopping高产优质 high yield and high quality高科技园 high-tech park工业园区 industrial park火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)信息港 info port信息革命 information revolution电子货币 e-currency人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI)生物技术 bio-technology克隆 cloning基因工程 genetic engineering转基因食品 genetically modified food (GM food)试管婴儿 test-tube baby基因突变 genetic mutation网络出版 e-publishing三维电影 three-dimensional movie光谷 optical valley虚拟银行 virtual bank信息化 informationization信息高速公路 information superhighway新兴学科 new branch of science; /emerging discipline纳米 nanometer个人数字助理 personal digital assistant( PDA)生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture技术密集产品 technology-intensive product数码科技 digital technology同步卫星 geostationary satellite神舟五号载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou Ⅴ风云二号气象卫星 Fengyun Ⅱ meteorological satellite登月舱 lunar module多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite (SMMS)多媒体短信服务 Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)电子商务 e-business; /e-commerce电子管理 e-management办公自动化 Office Automation (OA)信息高地 information highland信息检索 information retrieval 会议 teleconference无土栽培 soilless cultivation超级杂交水稻 super-hybrid rice科技发展 scientific and technological advancement重点项目 key project国家重点工程 national key project 南水北调 South-to-North water diversion西电东送 West-East electricity transmission project西气东输 West-East natural gas transmission project网络造谣 fabricating online rumors 恶意侵害他人名誉 maliciously harming the reputation of others 停止服务 closure/shutdown of service公司歇业 closure of business道路封闭 road closure人为操作差错 man-made operational mistakes生态系统 ecosystem森林生态系统 forest ecosystem海洋生态系统 marine ecosystem垄断价格 to monopolize the price垄断市场 to monopolize/forestall/captive/corner the market限购私用汽车 to curb the purchase of vehicles for private use汽车限购 vehicle purchase restriction 汽车配买配额 vehicle purchase quotas车牌摇号 a lottery for license plates牌照单双号限 odd-even license plate system黑名单制度 a blacklist system执业医师 practicing physician; /licensed doctors二代身份证 2nd-generation ID cards防伪技术 anti-forgery technology 非法交易 illegal transaction冒名顶替 identification fraud洗钱 money laundering挂失 to report the loss补办 to re-apply/post-register户籍 household registration居住证 residence permit山洪暴发 flash floods水位 water level低洼地区 low-lying areas淹没农田 to inundate crops大桥垮塌 bridge collapse最严重受灾地区 worst-hit/worst-stricken area直接经济损失 direct economic loss应急系统 emergency response system闯红灯 running red light遮挡、污损号牌 blocking or defacing license plate扣分处罚 point penalty酒驾 drunk driving终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving中国经济总需求 aggregate demand总供给 aggregate supply企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture企业形象 corporate image(CI); /enterprise image跨国公司 cross-national corporation创业精神 enterprising spirit; /pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司 head-hunter 假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本 human capital 航空和航天工业 aerospace industry 飞机制造工业 aircraft industry 汽车制造工业 car industry电子工业 electronic industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry信息产业 information industry 知识密集型产品 knowledge-intensive industry国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industry市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market supervision市场监督 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate首付 down-payment 业主 home owner个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization经济特区 special economic zones（SEZ)经济增长 economic growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy关税 tariff 纳税人 tax payer宏观经济 macro economy 货币投放量 the size of money supply流动性过剩 excess liquidity 经济过热 overheated economy通货膨胀 inflation 抑制通货膨胀 curb inflation注入流动性 to inject liquidity 贴现率 discount rate 存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio 公开市场业务 open market operation 逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement引导降低市场借贷成本 to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level稳健的货币政策 prudent monetary policy 硬着陆 hard landing软着陆 soft landing 二十国集团 Group of Twenty财政部长 Finance Minister 全年预期经济增长目标 the expected growth target for the whole year经济活力 economy vitality 大规模刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package结构改革 structural reform硬资产 hard assets软资产 soft assets有形资产 tangible assets经济走廊 economic corridor整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order反垄断 antitrust; /anti-monopoly定价浮动 price fluctuations谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit债务审计 audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system债务管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support。