2022年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题07 4Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法必修4 Unit1——Unit2词汇基础知识狂背：I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背1）词汇1. behave vt.&vi.举止；举动；行为表现behaviour n．行为；表现behave oneself 守规矩behave well/badly (towards sb.)(对……)态度/举止好/恶劣well－behaved adj. 表现好的badly－behaved adj. 表现差的be on one’s best behaviour 举止规矩2．observe vt.&vi. 观察；遵守；庆祝；评述，评论observation n. 观察；观察力，(观察后发生的)议论，意见observe sb. do/doing sth. 观察某人做/(在做)某事observe the speed limit 遵守车速限制observe Christmas (National Day)庆祝圣诞节(国庆节)be under observation 受严密监视escape one’s observation 避开某人的注意3．respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意respectful adj. 恭敬的；尊敬的；尊重人的；有礼貌的respectable adj. 可敬的；有名望的；高尚的；值得尊敬的have/show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬/敬重……in this respect 在这方面in all/many respects 在各个/许多方面in respect of 关于……；就……而言with respect to 至于；关于；就……而言respect sb./sth. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人/某事4．argue vi. 争论；辩论 vt. 争论；说服argument n. 争论；辩论argue with/against sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人争论某事argue against/for 为反对/为赞成……而辩论argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事argue on... 就……辩论argue that... 辩论说……5．support n．&vt. 支持；拥护in support of 支持；赞成；拥护support oneself 自立更生support one’s family 养家support one’s suggestion 赞同某人的建议support one’s opinion 支持某人的想法6．refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；指的是refer to...as...把……称作/看作in/with reference to＝in connection with 关于without reference to 与……无关，不管7．intend vt. 打算；计划intention n. 打算；计划intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事intend that...从句中谓语形式：(should)＋dointend...as...＝be intended as...打算把……当做……intend...for...＝be intended for 为……打算或设计had intended that/to do...intended to have done...原本打算做……8．deliver v. 投递，发表，宣布，接生，生(小孩)(仅限于被动语态)deliver sth. (to sb.) 投递/传送某物(给某人)deliver a speech 发表演说be delivered of a child＝give birth to a child 生孩子deliver sb./sth. over to sb. 把……移交给某人deliver from 使摆脱9．struggle vt. 搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎 n．斗争；挣扎struggle with/against 与……搏斗/斗争struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取……struggle through 奋力通过struggle to one‘s feet 挣扎着站起来struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事with a struggle 费劲地10．expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展expansive adj. 扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的expand into/to 使扩大，变大expand on/upon 阐述，详谈12. therefore adv.(＝as a result of that)因此；所以He was very tired and therefore he fell sound asleep.＝He was very tired. Therefore he fell sound asleep.＝He was very tired, so he fell sound asleep.他累得很，因此睡得很熟。
提示：therefore 是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而 so是连词，可接从句13．equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n. [U]装备；设备equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事be equipped with sth. 装备有某物a piece of equipment 一件设备14．regret v．&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝to one's regret 令人遗憾的是feel regretful for....对……感到后悔express regret for/at/over sth... 对……表示遗憾regret＋n./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事regret＋that－clause 后悔，遗憾……regret to say/tell/inform... 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知……It's much to be regretted that... 令人遗憾的是……15．focus n．(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点v．(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦be in focus 焦距对准；清晰be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上focus sth. on (upon) sth.＝fix...on...使……集中于……be focused on/upon sth.＝be fixed on 集中于……16．reduce vt. 减少；缩减；简化reduce one's expenditure 减少某人的开支be reduced to despair 陷入绝望reduce to... 降至……reduce by... 减少了……17．ment vt.评论 n．评论，意见，议论ask for ment 征求意见make ments on sth.评论某事No ment. 无可奉告。
Without ment. 不必多说ment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对……发表意见ment(v.)that－clause评论……（2）短语1．look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起look about 四下环顾，四处寻找look after 照顾；照料；目送；寻求look for 寻找；期待look forward to 盼望look on 观看；面向；旁观look over 从……上面看过去；察看look round 掉头看；环顾，观光look through 透过……看去；看穿；审查look up 向上看；查阅2．e across(尤指偶然)遇到；发现；想到；越过；产生效果提示：表示“偶然遇见”意思的常见短语还有：meet with, happen to meet, chance to meet, meet...by chance/accident, run across, run into3．carry on继续；保持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等)carry onwith＋sth.doing sth.继续做某事(相当于go on with)carry off赢得，获得(奖品、荣誉等)carry out实行，执行，进行，履行(诺言、义务等)4．thanks to 由于；多亏(介词短语，在句中做原因状语，常置于句首或句末)because of 因为；由于owing to 由于，因……之缘故as a result of 作为……的结果，由于due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)on account of 由于；因为5．rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使……摆脱……be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事be free of... 摆脱……6．be satisfied with 对……感到满意be satisfied that... 满意……be satisfied to do 乐意干……satisfy vt.满意；使满意satisfied adj. 感到满意的satisfying adj. 令人满意的satisfactory adj. 令人满意的satisfaction n. 满意，满足7．lead to 通向，导致，致使lead＋n.＋to sth. 引导……到……lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。
类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对……加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等2)lead to 不用被动语态3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (＝result from) 是前果后因8．keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)使……不含(有害物)free from 没有……，免于……，无……之忧free of 无……的；免于……的，离开了……的free sb./sth. from... 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放for free＝free of charge 免费地，无偿地be free to do sth. 自由地做某事be free with sb. 对某人放肆free as the air 自由自在set sb. free 释放某人（3）易混易错点拨1.expand/extend/spread/stretch(1)expand“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大2)extend “伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。
3)spread“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等 (4)stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长 (1)The cat _________ out in front of the fire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢2)The hot weather __________ to October.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份3)As children grow older they _________ their interests and bee more confident.随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信4)The fire soon _________ to the nearby buildings.火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑‘stretched extended expand spread2. worth/worthy/worthwhile(1)worth只做表语，表示“值……钱，值得干……”，后跟名词或动名词，不跟不定式worth常用well修饰，不用veryThe book is well worth reading.这书值得一读。
2)worthy 意为“值得的”，除在书面语体中用做定语外，一般用做表语be worthy 后常接 “of＋名词/动名词(被动式)”、不定式The place is worthy to be visited/of being visited.这地方值得一游 (3)worthwhile 的常用句式为 It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth., it是形式主语，to do/doing 做真正主语，即：做某事是值得的It is worthwhile visiting/to visit the place.参观那地方还是很值得的用worth, worthy和worthwhile填空(1)Her achievements are ______ of the highest praise.她的成就值得高度的赞扬2)Hangzhou is a beautiful place; it is ___________ going/to go there.杭州是个美丽的地方，值得一去3)The problem is __________ to be considered.这个问题值得考虑。
4)The new bike is ______ 350 Yuan.这辆新自行车值350元5)He is a teacher ______ of great respect.他是位受尊敬的老师6)It is ___________ to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部7)The picture is ______ taking good care of.这幅画值得好好保存8)The scheme is well ______ a try.这个计划很值得一试‘worthy worthwhile worthy worthworthy worthwhile worth worthII.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟Unit 1achievement n. 成就；功绩welfare n. 福利；福利事业project n. 项目；工程；规划institute n. 学会；学院；协会specialist n. 专家；专业工作者connection n. 连接；关系human being 人类campaign n. 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动organization n. 组织；机构；团体behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现 behaviour (=behavior) 行为；举止；习性shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线move off 离开；起程；出发worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的nest n. 巢；窝bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n. 观察；观测childhood n. 童年；幼年时代outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演lead a … life 过着……的生活crowd n. 人群；观众 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示△inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞support n. & vt. 支持；拥护look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 refer to 查阅；参考；谈到audience n. 观众；听众；读者by chance 碰巧；凑巧e across （偶然）遇见；碰见△career n. 事业；生涯rate n. 比率；速度sickness n. 疾病；恶心intend vt. 计划；打算emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况generation n. 一代；一辈△determination n. 决心；果断kindness n. 仁慈；好意considerate adj. 考虑周到的 consideration n. 考虑；体谅modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的Unit 2statistic n. （常用pl statisitcs）数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料sunburnt adj. 晒黑的struggle vt. & vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力decade n. 十年；十年期super adj. 特级的；超级的output n. 产量；输出crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量hunger n. 饥饿；欲望 vt. & vi. （使）饥饿disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的circulate vt. & vi. 循环；流传Vietnam n. 越南（东南亚国家）battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt. & vi. 搏斗；奋斗freedom n. 自由；自主therefore adj.因为；所以；因而equip vt. & vi. 配备；装备grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒export vt. & vi. 输出；出口nationality n. 国籍occupation n. 工作；职业；占领confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的production n. 生产；制造bacteria n. （bacterium的复数形式）细菌pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发nutrition n. 营养;滋养；食物mineral n. 矿物；矿石discovery n. 发现；发觉soil n. 土壤reduce vt. 减少；减缩keep … free from/of 使……免受（影响；害等）；使……不含（有害物）root n. 根；根源skim vt. 浏览；略读underline vt. 画底线标出；强调summary n. 总结；摘要；概要ment n. 评论；议论 vi. & vt. 表达意见；作出评论III.重点句型背诵1.what在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。
此从句在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”①After a hard time they came to what is called America today.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方②We now live in what is called the Information Age.我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代③He graduated from what was called a key high school.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中2.would rather(1)would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never①—Shall we dine out?—I‘d rather stay at home.——我们要不要出去吃饭？——我宁愿留在家里②I‘d rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把这事告诉任何人2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”。
①I would rather listen to others than talk myself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说②He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈 (3)would rather have done sth. 意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气I would rather have taken his advice yesterday.我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了4)would rather 后接 that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气①I would rather (that) he didn‘t e.我宁愿他没来②I’d rather you told me the truth.我更愿意你给我讲实话3.only的用法(1)only在句首修饰做状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装 (2)only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序3)only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序 ①Only then did I realize the importance of munication.只有到那时我才意识到交流的重要性。
②Only in this way can we improve our English.只有以这种方法，我们才能提高英语水平③Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army.只有当你年满十八周岁后，你才能参军④Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题强调句型：It is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他部分4.强调句型提示：(1)只能强调句中的主语、宾语和状语，不能用该句式强调句子谓语2)如果强调两个以上的并列主语，该句式仍用 is/was，不用 are/were3)强调部分为表示“人”的名词时，可用 who；其他情况则用 that4)强调 not...until 句型时，要将主句中的 not一起强调即 It is/was not until...that...(5)Is/Was it＋被强调成分＋that...？为其一般疑问句形式6)特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋被强调成分＋that...？为其特殊疑问句形式7)强调句的特殊疑问句如果用于宾语从句中，该强调句式要用陈述语序。
①It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我要跟玛丽一块儿去度假②When is it that we will have a meeting?我们什么时候开会？③It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是位著名的影星④It was in this town that he was brought up.他是在这个镇上被养大的强调句)⑤It was this town where/in which he was brought up.这是他被抚养长大的城镇定语从句)能力提升——测一测I．单词拼写1．Devoted to the cause of education all her life, she was r_______________ by all the people in her country.2．His first song was __________ by the memory of his mother.3．The old man came in, with two young men ______________ his body.4．Swimming across the lake for the first time is a great a___________.respected inspired supporting achievement5．There's a c_____________ between smoking and heart disease.6．Jane devoted herself to social _________(福利) work.7．They work in an art ___________ (学院)．8．He is a __________ (专家) in history.9．Do you know about the ________________ (组织)?10．They started a ____________ (运动) to stop people smoking.‘connection welfare institute specialist organization campaign11．They asked so many questions that I got c___________.12．Metals e____________ when they are heated.13．The people there are fighting to gain their f_______ from foreign control.14．We are not doing a c__________ experiment but a physical one.15．India e__________ tea and cotton to many different countries.confused expand freedom chemical exports16．Now, people in the south grow a lot of rice that has a high __________ (产量)．17．This kind of food contains all the ___________ (营养) our body needs.18．People in the area were ground down by _________ (饥饿) and poverty.19．They have sold up ten bottles of ___________ (矿泉) water in the afternoon.20．We should make a _______________(总结) of the results of the exam briefly.output nutrition hunger mineral summaryII.短语填空(1)Once a decision is reached, it must be firmly __________ ______.决定一旦形成，就必须坚决执行。
2)She suddenly ______ ______ an idea.她突然有了个主意3)You mustn't ______ ______ ______ the disabled.你决不能瞧不起残疾人4)He __________ ______ ___________ ______ at the meeting.他在会上作了重要报告5)The lake ______________ pollution.这湖没有污染6)I __________________ the result.我对那个结果很满意7)You must ______ _________ ______ these old－fashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念8)_________ ______ Jim's warning, we avoided the accident.多亏吉姆的提醒，我们避免了一场事故1.carried out2.came across 3.look down upon 4.delivered an important report 5.is free of 6.was satisfied with 7.rid yourself of8.Thanks toIII.句型填空1.Only in this way ______ improve our English.只有以这种方法，我们才能提高英语水平。
2.It was _____ he took off his dark glasses_______ I realized he was a famous film star.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是位著名的影星3.He graduated from _____ was called a key high school.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中4.I would rather ________ than talk myself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说1.can we2.not until. . . that 3.what4.listen to othersIV．语法填空【南昌市十所省重点中学xx年二模突破冲刺2】Long ago, in a far-away place, an old tribal chief found himself terminally ill. So he called three most promising young villagers to his bedside and said, “As I 1 (leave)you soon, I hope you can do one more thing for me. Young men, you three are all 2 (usual)strong and resourceful, so I’d like you to strive to climb that high mountain we have always been worshipping 3 a sacred place. Try to reach the top and then turn back to tell me about your findings. Three days later, the first young man returned smartly dressed and said 4 (smile), “Lord, I’ve been to the mountaintop 5 I saw flowers of all sorts, spring water and singing birds. That’s a real nice place. ”The old tribal chief replied with a smile, “Son, I’ve been there before. It’s not the mountaintop 6 the foot of the mountain. You can leave now. ”A week later, the second young man also returned. “Lord, I’ve been to the mountaintop 7 a forest of tall pine trees and vultures circling in the air. That’s a really nice place. ”“What a pity! ”said the chief. “Son, you’ve been halfway up the mountain rather than to the summit. Now you can leave. ”A month later, the third young man showed up in rags, his hair off-colored but his eyes clear and bright. “Lord, I succeeded in reaching the summit. There was nothing there but the highland wind and the blue sky 8 (hang)over the land. ”“So you saw nothing at all? Not even 9 butterfly? ”“No, Lord, nothing. All you can see is yourself. You just feel how insignificant you are in this infinite universe 10 standing at the top! ”“Son, you’ve reached the real mountaintop. Congratulations! You will be undoubtedly made our new tribal chief! ”【答案】【小题1】am leaving / will leave【小题2】unusually【小题3】as【小题4】smilingly【小题5】where【小题6】but【小题7】with【小题8】hanging【小题9】a【小题10】while【小题2】unusually考查副词。
修饰形容词(strong)应用副词小题3】as考查介词把那座高山视为圣地as意为“作为”小题4】smilingly考查副词修饰动词(said), 应用副词小题5】where考查关系副词where引导定语从句, 修饰mountaintop从句中缺少地点状语, 应用where引导小题6】but考查并列连词句意: 那不是山顶, 而是山脚not . . . but. . . 不是……而是……小题7】with 考查介词with=having小题8】hanging 考查非谓语动词hang和sky之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作定语小题9】a 考查冠词butterfly是可数名词, 此处是泛指蝴蝶, 应用不定冠词修饰小题10】while 考查连词句意: 当你站在山顶的时候, 你只能感觉到在无穷的宇宙中, 你是多么渺小! while当……时候, 引导时间状语从句考点：考查语法填空V.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）As a famous saying goes, “A friend is a present which you give yourself.” （1）真正的朋友是和我们分享生活、思想和感受的人_________________________________________________. When we get into trouble, our friends always help us out. That’s why someone says “Friends are the sunshine of life”.In order to make friends, we should be honest and helpful. （2）这样我们就能给别人留下一个好印象，这使别人和我们可能成为朋友____________________________________________________. At the same time, when our friends are in need, we should give them a helping hand as well.We all need friends. So let’s treasure our friends to enjoy life to the fullest.答案：（1）A true friend is someone with whom we can share our life, thoughts and feelings.（高级句型：介词前置的定语从句）（2）In this way we can make a favorable impression on others, which makes it possible for others to be friends with us.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）。