分词的形式：(not ) doing 现在分词的一般式（主动、进行）(not ) done 过去分词的一般式（被动、完成）(not ) being done 分词的进行被动式 （被动、进行）(not ) having done 分词的完成式 （主动、完成）谓语与分词非谓语转换的一般原则do/does/did is/are doingwas/were doing--- doingis/are/was/were done--- doneis being done--- being donehas/have done--- having donehas/have been done--- (having been) done 分词与从句的转换1 分词作定语，相当于定语从句1) The hospital was an old building that/which was built in 1931. --- The hospital was an old building built in 1931.2) Do you know the girl who is standing over there?--- Do you know the girl standing over there?3) The man who spoke to us the other day has gone to London. --- The man speaking to us the other day has gone to London.4) He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people who were exposed to cholera. --- He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.5) He found that it came from the river which was polluted by the dirty water. --- He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water.6) He immediately told the people in Broad Street who were astonished to remove the handle from the pump. --- He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump.7) He found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. --- He found supporting evidence from two other deaths linked to the Broad Street outbreak.8) The building which is being built is a new hospital. --- The building being built is a new hospital.2.分词作状语，相当于状语从句：1) While I was waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. --- （While） waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.2) As he was educated by the party, he became a great fighter. --- Educated by the party, he became a great fighter.3) Because I hadn’t received an answer, I wrote to him again. --- Not having received an answer, I wrote to him again.4) If we had been given enough time, we could have done it better. --- If (having been) given enough time, we could have done it better5) Though he had made great achievements, he didn’t pride. --- Though having made great achievements, he didn’t pride.2.分词作状语，相当于并列句或可以与with转换：1) He died, and left his daughter much money. --- He died, leaving his daughter much money.2) The teacher entered the classroom, followed by his students.--- The teacher entered the classroom and his students followed him.The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by his students The teacher entered the classroom with his students following him.3. 独立主格作状语，相当于状语从句1) When the shower was over, we continued our journey． --- The shower being over，we continued our journey．2) As all the tickets had been sold out，they went away disappointed． --- All the tickets (having been) sold out，they went away disappointed．4. 分词做表语或宾补1) He got interested in the two theories explaining how cholera killed people.2) He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.3) He was frightened and his mind was confused.4) He found that the windows were broken. --- He found the windows broken.5) I found that my heart was beating fast at the news of bomb explosion. --- I found my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosion.练习：1. A man was arrested by the police. What was his name? (合并成简单句)--- What was the name of the man arrested by the police?2. There is a young woman who is dressed in green. （改成简单句）--- There is a young woman dressed in green.3. The concert which was given by the band was a great success. （改成简单句）--- The concert given by the band was a great success.4. What’s the language spoken in that area? （改成复合句）--- What’s the language which/ that is spoken in that area?5. We’ve already reached the target set in the program. （改成复合句）--- We’ve already reached the target that / which was set in the program.6. 站在门口的那个人是我的爸爸。
用分词和从句两种形式翻译)The man standing by the door is my father.The man who is standing by the door is my father.7. The pen lying on the table belongs to you. （改成复合句）--- The pen which is lying on the table belongs to you.8. The boy making faces is my son. （改成复合句）--- The boy who is making faces is my son.9. I like songs which were sung by Liuhuan. （改成简单句）--- I like songs sung by Liuhuan.10. I found that he was waiting for a bus at the station． （改成简单句） --- I found him waiting for a bus at the station．12. If all things are considered, her paper is better than yours. （改成简单句） --- All things considered, her paper is better than yours. Her paper is better than yours with all things considered.13. As mum is ill in bed，I can not go to school． （改成简单句） --- Mum being ill in bed，I can't go to school．14. He went away and not a word was spoken．（改成简单句）--- He went away without a word spoken． He went away without speaking a word.1. called2. calling3. considered4. Considering5. Compared6. Comparing7. Faced8. Facing9. seated10. sitting11. Having waited12. waiting13. to have studied14. to be studying15. to study16. Having finished17. being held18. to be held19. held20. Being ignored21. Being exposed22. Exposing23. absorbed24. was absorbed25. finished26. had been finished/ was finished27. being28. were29. to attend30. attend31. working32. dragging33. attended34. type35. (in) bringing36. come37. to come38. talking39. talking40. mentioned41. mentioned42. Exposed43. Exposing44. Expose45. Exposing46. Being exposed47. To make48. Getting49. Listening50. Listening。