大学英语单词一、课文A重点词汇1. launch v. 发射；使〔船〕下水，发动，开展 n. 发射，下水【例句】 The 100,000 tanner was recently launched. 十万吨轮最近下水了 【例句】 Taking up the pen as a weapon, he launched a relentless attack on the capitalist system. 他以笔做武器，对资本主义制度进展了无情的抨击 They launched a new attack at dawn. 黎明时他们发起了一次新的进政 【例句】China successfully launched its first man made earth satellite on 24th April 1970. 一九七○年四月二十四日，中国成功地发射了第一颗人造地球卫星 【扩展】launch vehicle 运载火箭 launch pad 〔火箭等的〕发射台 2. Conquest n.攻取，征服；克制 词根： quest找，要求，需要to seek, ask, require 【例句】1) The French conquest was in 1066. 法兰西征服〔英格兰〕发生在1066年。
2) One of the great achievements of the modern science and technology is the conquest of space. 现代科学技术的一项伟大成就是对空间的征服考点】a foreign conquest 外国人的征服 physical (mental) conquest of disease 身体〔精神〕对疾病的征服 the conquest of difficulties (one's passion) 战胜困难〔感情〕 the conquest of liberty 争得自由 man's conquests over nature 人类征服自然 3. bog n. (排水不良而使重物陷入的)泥塘,沼泽; <英俚> (屋外) 厕所 v.陷入泥沼(使)停顿,进展困难,被缠住,使…进展困难 动词进展时： bogging 过去式： bogged 过去分词： bogged 【例句】 be [get] bogged down in detail 在细节上被缠得无法进展 【扩展】沼泽；泥沼 marsh morass swamp4. engage vt. 1.使从事于，使忙于 2.占用 3.雇用 4.订婚 vi. 从事，参加【例句】He is engaged in teaching. 他从事于教学工作。
He was busily engaged in painting the furniture.他忙于油漆家具例句】I couldn't telephone my uncle because his telephone line was engaged. 我不能给叔叔打，因为他的占线了Housework engages much of her time.家事占用她很多时间例句】They engaged a cook for the summer.那个夏天他们雇了一个厨子例句】David is engaged to Ann.戴维与安妮订了婚考点】be engaged in(doing sth.)忙于，从事 engage for sth./to do sth. 保证，允诺engage sb. as 聘请…作…5. crucial 词根： cruc十字交叉；难题cross a.决定性的,紧要关头的;严酷的 极困难的; (极) 重要的 【例句】Salt is a crucial ingredient in cooking. 盐是烹调的一种重要材料 The next step is crucial to [for] our success. 下一个步骤对我们的成功非常重要的。
【扩展】a crucial moment 关键时刻,重要关头 a crucial experience 艰辛的经验 a crucial test (有关事情真伪、未来的) 决定性的考验 【辨析】详见易混词辨析6. occupation名词 n. 工作；职业; 居住；占据 [C] 使你忙碌的事情；消遣 【例句】 'What's your occupation?' 'I am a policeman.' ‘你的职业是什么？’‘我是一个警察’ He has no fixed occupation. 他没有固定的职业例句】The new house is ready for occupation. 新屋可以居住了 【例句】Swimming and rowing are my favorite occupations. 游泳和划船是我所喜爱的活动 【扩展】occupy占，占用；占据，占领；使忙碌，使从事7. exile n. 1.流放，放逐，充军 2.被流放者 vt. 流放，放逐[from]，把…充军【例句】go into exile 被放逐,流亡 in exile 被放逐的,流亡的 after an exile of ten years 十年的放逐 [流亡] 之后 【例句】He was exiled from his own country. 他被逐出自己的国家。
【考点】~ oneself 亡命,流亡,离乡背井8. instruct vt.指示；通知give orders or directions to sb. (used in the patterns: instruct sb. to do sth.; instruct sb. that); 教teach sb. (used in the pattern: instruct sb. in / on sth.)【例句】 My boss instructed me to type the letters quickly. 我的老板指示我赶快打好这些信件 【例句】The professor instructed us that we had one month to conduct the project.教授通知我们用一个月时间来完成项目例句】The teacher instructed us in geography. 这教师教我们的地理课9. render vt. 致使；使成; 给予；报答；归还; 表演；扮演; 翻译【例句】I was rendered unconscious by the blow. 猛烈一击使我失去了知觉。
An accident has rendered him helpless. 一件意外使他束手无策 【例句】 I can render you any assistance in the matter. 这件事情上我能给予你帮助 【例句】 His part in the drama was admirably rendered. 在这一戏剧里他的角色扮演得令人赞美 There are many English idioms that can not be rendered into other languages. 有很多英语习语很难译为别种语言 10. casualty [pl. casualties]n. [C]伤亡人员, (意外事故造成的) 死伤 (者), 受害人，损失的东西; 意外的灾难; 横祸; 意外的伤害The enemy suffered heavy casualties. 敌人伤亡沉重Casualty lists were published the day after the train accident. 伤亡在火车意外事件发生后的第二天就公布了。
考点】casualty insurance 意外保险 heavy [slight] casualties 沉重 [轻微] 的伤亡11. siege n. (城堡、都市等的) 围攻; 围城 [围困] 期间; (疾病、不幸等的) 长期 (困扰) 【例句】 siege warfare 围攻战 stand a long siege 抵住长期的围困 Troy was under siege for ten years. 特洛伊城被围困了十年 【例句】 have a siege of flu 受流行性感冒的长期折磨 【考点】lay siege to... 围攻…12. reckon (词根： reck算帐；计算account ) v. 认为,估计; 指望,想要; 测算 vi. <口语>依赖,仗恃,指望,寄望[on]【例句】1) I reckon him the best swimmer in my class. 我认为他是我班上最善于游泳的人 Most of the population there are reckoned as [reckoned to be] uneducated. 那里的大多数居民被认为是没有受教育的【例句】1) I am not reckoning on her help. 我并不指望她的帮助。
We did not reckon on finding you here. 我们没想到会在这里看到你 【扩展】vt. [I ~ 与主要从句并列,或作插句使用] 以为…She will come soon, I reckon. 我想她马上就来 【考点】13. toll vt. 缓慢而有规律地敲响 <晚钟、丧钟等> ,鸣; .征收 n.钟声 ；费用〔尤指道路、桥梁之通行费〕; 伤亡人数【例句】 toll a bell at a person's death 为某人之死而鸣钟 【例句】The toll of road deaths and injuries is on the rise.交通事故的伤亡人数还在上涨The local government was allowed to charge tolls for the use of the roads.当地政府同意征收过路费考点】the toll of the roads交通事故的伤亡人数 toll call 长途 toll-bar/-gate (征收过路费的)关卡二、课文A重点短语1. in the case of: as far as … is concerned 至于，就……来说【例句】In the case of a highly intelligent animal, elementary training is easy. 就高度灵敏的动物而言,初级训练并不难。
辨析】In case of fire, open this safety door.一旦发生火灾时,打开这扇安全门考点】in case 〔of 〕如果发生,万一；in any case 无论如何 in no case决不 in this/that case 假设是这样〔那样〕的话 a case in point一个恰当的例子2. stand / get / be in the way: prevent from doing sth. 挡道；妨碍【例句】He is bad-tempered and won't listen to anybody, so you'd better not stand in his way.她脾气暴躁,不听人劝告,你最好不要去阻碍他例句】I don’t think kids have as much fun as we used to. Fierce competition keeps getting in the way of their development. 我认为孩子们没有我们过去那么多的乐趣激烈的竞争妨碍了他们的开展考点】pave the way for 为…做准备工作，使…准备承受〔改革〕等；go one’s way 动身；出发 go out of one’s way( to do sth.) 特意〔花心血，时间等〕做某事；故意做某事 make one’s way in life发迹，成功 make one’s way (to/towards) 〔向…〕走去 lead the way 带路，带头，示 by way of 由，经过；作为，当作，代替 by the way 顺路，顺便说 on the/one’s way 在路上，在途中 out of the way 奇特的，不同寻常的 out- of –the- way遥远的，荒僻的 in the family way 〔俗〕怀孕 in a big/small way 在〔小〕规模地 to my way of thinking我认为3.be / get bogged down: be unable to make progress 〔使〕陷入泥潭；不能前进【例句】 The truck got bogged down in the mud.卡车陷进泥浆中。
例句】The talks with the union leaders bogged(vi.) down on the questions of wages.和工会领导人的谈判在工资问题上陷入了僵局【例句】The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the air pollution.地方政府在如何处理空气污染的问题上陷入了僵局4. take a gamble: take a risk 冒险【例句】 I think she’s taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks. 我认为她把钱都买了股票，是在冒险例句】The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off. 公司降低产品价格，冒了很大的风险，但取得了成功5. press on / ahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way (used in the pattern: press on / ahead with sth.) 〔不顾困难〕继续前进【例句】 Despite fierce opposition, the government is pressing on with its campaign to eliminate corruption. 尽管遇到激烈的反对，政府继续开展去除腐败的活动。
6.bide one’s time: wait patiently for a chance 等待时机【例句】Jack was hurt deeply, and he bided his time for revenge.杰克受了很深的伤害,他等待着报仇的时机7. drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously 缓慢费力地走；拖延【例句】How much longer is the meeting going to drag on? 会议还要拖多久呢？8.at the cost of: with the loss of 以……为代价【例句】 He saved the girl from drowning at the cost of his own life.他舍身把溺水的姑娘救出来 The local government developed its economy but at the cost of environment. 地方政府以破坏环境为代价来开展地方经济考点】at all costs /at any cost 不惜任何代价；无论如何 count the cost事前详细盘算得失等 to one’s cost 使某人遭受损失或不便9.catch sb. off guard: take sb. by surprise 趁某人不备【例句】 The reporter’s question caught the foreign minister off guard. The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard.【考点】catch at 抓住；伸手拿 catch sb. at it /catch sb. In the act (of doing sth.)当场抓住，撞见某人做某事 catch hold of 抓住；握住；捉住catch on (1) 了解(2) 风行；流行catch sight of 突然看到；发现catch sb. out 撞破；识破catch up(with sb.) 赶上，追 catch one’s breath〔因吃惊等〕屏息10.bring to a halt: stop completely 使停止【例句】Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials. 许多工厂的生产都因原材料迟迟未到而停止。
11.turn the tide (against): change what looks like defeat into victory 彻底改变形势 〔造成对……不得〕，扭转潮流【例句】 Soviet victory in Stalingrad turned the tide of the war in Europe.斯大林格勒的〔维埃革命〕胜利扭转了欧洲的革命局势扩展】Time and tide wait for no man.(prov.) Tide passes quickly,so do not delay taking action.〔谚〕岁月不饶人 Christmas tide 圣诞季 high tide 高潮 the high tide of fortune 福星高照 low tide 低潮 【考点】flow like the tide 人如潮涌 go/carry with the tide 随波逐流12.thanks to: because of 由于，因为 【例句】Thanks to her financial support, the two children in the remote village could go to school.由于她的经济援助，遥远乡村的两个小孩能够上学了。
Thanks to your help we were successful. 由于你的帮助我们成功了考点】thanks to my foresight 幸亏我有先见之明 三、课文A易混词辨析1. ground, earth, soil和land用法辨析： (1) ground主要指外表如： They are all lying on the ground. 他们都躺在地上 (2) earth着重指与天空相对的，也指区别于岩石的泥土如： The plane fell to the earth.飞机降落在地面上 This worm eats earth. 这类虫子吃泥土 (3) soil主要指富有有机物，宜于耕种的土壤如： This soil is good for growing rice. 这种土壤宜于种水稻 (4) land 还可作“陆地〞解 (相对于大海sea 而言)如： The balloon burst and fell to land. 气球爆了，落在地上 A strong wind is blowing from the sea toward the land. 一阵大风从海上吹到陆地。
Air pollution alone causes almost three million deaths. 单单大气污染就几乎造成三百万人死亡2. war, campaign, battle, fight, struggle<辨析>war 解作“战争状态〞或“战争〞，前者用作不可数名词，后者用作可数名词，往往指的是包括一系列战役的整个战争campaign 意为“战役〞，指在某一地区进展的一连串有固定目的的军事行动battle 也作“战役〞解，其规模比 campaign 小，还可作“战斗〞解，指的是一场战争或一次战役中的具体战斗，只能只持续几小时，也可能持续假设干天fight 意为“战斗〞，往往指战场上的搏斗，还可作“打架〞解struggle 意为“斗争〞，常侧重于精神上或政治上的斗争His work was stopped,however,by the First World War.然而，由于第一次世界大战，他的〔研究〕工作停顿了Did you serve in either of my last two campaigns?我的上两次战役你参加过一次没有？ No one was killed in that battle.那次战斗中无一人阵亡。
It is a fight between life and death.这是一场生死搏斗Many of these songs called on the workers to take up the struggle.这些歌曲中有许多是号召工人们起来斗争的3. acute, critical, crucial, urgent 这一组形容词都有"严重的，重要的"意思 1) acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病) An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿 2) critical a.意为"关键的"，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似 与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指"批判性的，分析 性的"It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，否那么你会不与格的 3) crucial a.意为"决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的"，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。
Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复是至关重要的{附加辨析}decisive和decideddecisive “果断的，断然的〞； decisive measures 断然的措施decided “明确的，无疑的〞；a decided success 明显的成功 4) urgent a.意为"紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的"，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调"紧急的"状态 We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了4. attack, assail, assault, charge, beset, descend on, overtake, storm攻打，进攻1) 一切具有进攻性的行为，特别是指无缘无故地用武力偷袭敌人attack2) 用武力或其他手段突然打击敌人，特别是猛烈的连续袭击 assail3) 用武力相互攻击对方，特别指肉搏战assault 4) 冲击或骑兵的突然攻击charge5) 从各个方向攻击beset6) 指捕食的鹰俯冲下来捕捉牺牲品，但它常常用于形象的比喻descend on7) 暴风雨、麻烦等突然降临某人、某个地方 overtake8) 用炮弹、烟火弹或导弹进展攻击 bombard9) 试图去破坏有防守的，筑有工事的地方storm例句：歹徒时常在黑暗的街道上攻击被害者。
Muggers often assault their victims on dark streets.5. retire, retreat, withdraw, flee, fly 这些动词均含“退下、退却〞之意1) Retire,指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等2) Retreat, 含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动3) Withdraw, 侧重因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由也指军队的撤退4) flee, 书面用词，侧重指逃跑时动作匆忙，多含惧怕之意5) fly含义与flee一样，但系非正式用词四、课文A语篇与难点课文语篇I．课文主题Throughout the history of mankind, there have been many conquerors. Chengis Khan spent his entire life conquering neighboring peoples and expanding the Mongolian Empire. Many Roman Emperors did the same for the Rome empire—so much so that at one time they ruled modern-day Great Britain.Both the Mongolian and Roman Empires had their rise and fall in the distant past. Yet if we want to examine conquerors, there is no need to go back that far.This text will focus on Napoleon and Hitler.Man changes nature in order to live. However, man must also be careful not to disregard the laws of nature. In this text, Napoleon and Hitler launched military campaigns against Russia (the Soviet Union), but they both ignored the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter — the Icy Defender. As a result, they both failed.Warm-up 1) Discussion: Man or nature, which is more powerful?2) Ss form groups to analyze the similarities and differences between the two invasions. When they finish, some Ss groups report to class.3) A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions (参见教师用书P3 II)Cultural Notes (参见教师用书P4-7)II．课文结构Text organizationPart one (Paras 1-2) Introduction—Both Napoleon’s and Hitler’s military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part two (Paras 3-11) Napoleon’s military campaign against RussiaPart three (Paras 12-20) Hitler’s military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart four (Paras 21) Conclusion—The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.课文重点、难点1. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow---- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌――俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
But表转折定语从句that met him in Moscow修饰the devastating enemyThe raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter 作 enemy 的同位语2. In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side.到了八月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡本句中，定语从名that left over ten thousand dead on each side 修饰 a battle.3. The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French．法军的撤离成为一场噩梦俄国人出没于田野与森林，采用打了就跑的战术，向法国人发起攻击此句中,from fields and forests作地点状语。
合成短语Hit-and-run 作定语，修饰attack.4. To the east of Hitler’s German empire was the Soviet Union.希特勒的德意志亮帝国的东部与联毗邻此句为倒装结构The Soviet Union 为主语正常语序为The Soviet Union was to the east of Hitler’s German empire.注意介词to与at, in, on 在表地点方面的区别5. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. 1941年6月22日，希特勒不宣而战，入侵联，发动了历史上规模最大的一场陆地战役。
希特勒自信能速战速决，预计这一战役不会超过3个月此句中, 定语从句that was the largest military land campaign in history修饰an invasionConfident of a quick victory 为定语从句短语作原因状语……no longer than…… ，为比拟级短语，表前者不如后者更长，〔时间上〕不会超过6. Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to “scorch the earth〞 in front of the German invaders.联领导人约瑟夫.斯大林被打了个措手不与，他指示全国人民在德国入侵者到来之前实行“焦土〞政策过去分词短语caught off guard by the invasion, 表示原因状语Instruct sb. to do sth. 指示某人做某事7. As Hitler’s armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years.正当希特勒的军队逼近莫斯科时，寒冷的冬季早早地降临联，那是多年不遇的严寒。
此句是一个含有as引导的时间状语从句的复合句Closer and closer为比拟级连用，表示“愈来愈〔近〕〞The harshest 后面省略了winter, 最高级短语the harshest 为主语an early, severe winter 的同位语8. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. 德国军队在斯大林格勒城外几乎没有挡风避寒的地方，食品和补给的匮乏更使其元气大伤直到1943年1月德国人才放弃围城介词短语with little or no shelter from …… 作主句的原因状语Not until … 表“直到…，才…〞，放于句首，引起句子倒装常表强调时间之用正常语序为the Germans did not give up their siege until January 1943.句型结构1.地点介词at、on、in、to 1〕at 在较小的场所，in在较大的场所，on在……的平面上。
如at the door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等 2〕on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置假设A地属于B地，用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on；无边缘的衔接有to如： Japan lies to the east of China.(围之外) Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.〔围之外〕 Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗邻) The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离) 3〕地点介词的引申、比喻意义：in the sun在下，in the dark(ness)在黑暗中，in the dark不知道，in freezing weather在严寒天气中，in the mud在泥中，in the earth在地下,in the desert在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在大雨中，in the snow / wind在雪/风中,in public 当众，in trouble 在困境中，get into trouble陷入困境，out of trouble摆脱困难，beyond hope绝望。
2.by surprise, in surprise与to one’s surprise：by surprise用于take … by surprise 出乎…意料；对…突然袭击例如：He took me by surprise when he suddenly appeared at the door. 他突然出现在门口，这使我感到意外in surprise 惊讶地例如：He looked at me in surprise. 他惊讶地看着我 to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是例如：To my surprise he got full marks in the physics test. 使我惊讶的是他物理得了总分值to one's ＋n.令某人感到……的是, 类似结构短语有：to one's delight 令某人高兴的是，其中delight是名词，用在以下结构中： to one's joy令某人高兴的是 to one's sorrow令某人伤心的是 to one's excitement令某人激动的是 to one's encouragement令某人感到鼓舞的是 to one's disappointment令某人失望的是3. 不定式不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、状语、补语和定语。
作主语和宾语时，常用it做形式主语〔或宾语〕，而将不定式移到后面，有时还需用for/of+代词/名词引出不定式的逻辑主语for与of用法不一样，of之前的形容词常表示某人的性格品质，如honest，kind，nice，rude等例如:It is wise of you to have made preparations in advance.〔英明是人的性格特征〕一些形容词如able，apt，certain，eager，lucky等常由不定式来修饰如He was lucky to find his lost wallet.不带to的不定式使用场合极多:1〕情态动词之后2〕had better，would/had rather，would sooner，had best，would just as soon，might as well，cannot but等搭配之后 3〕make，let，leave等使役动词之后4〕see，watch等感官动词之后5〕主语从句中带有do的某种形式，主语补语的不定式to可以省去如What I want to do at present is〔to〕have a rest.6〕except，but之前有动词do的某种形式，其后的不定式不带to。
如At present we can do nothing but wait.7〕rather than，sooner than放句首时，其后的不定式不带to如Rather than risk breaking his marriage he told his wife everything.8〕Why〔not〕...?结构中用不带to的不定式9〕help之后可以用或不用to五、课文B重点、难点1. It took more than a year for militaryplaners to orchestrate every movement of troops, artillery, ships and aircraft and to set everything in place for the move that was to open up a second front in Europe. 〔line 5-7〕军事家运筹帷幄，用了一年多的时间部署军队、大炮、船只和飞机，为这一行动作了周密安排，以便在欧洲开辟第二战线在句中，it是全句的形式主语，不定式短语to orchestrate… and to set….是全句的真实主语。
more than为比拟级短语，“比…更多，多于…，不仅〞；not more than 不超过；no more than “不过；仅仅〞 例如：Winter sleep is more than sleep. 冬眠不仅仅是睡觉 She is not more than thirty. 她不超过三十岁 She is no more than thirty.＝She is only thirty. 她只不过三十岁2. Everything was controlled; right down to the placement of military decoys across the English Channel to fool the Germans into thinking the attack would come from Britain’s closest point to France at Pas de Calais rather than in Normandy as planned. (line 10-13)一切就绪，英吉利海峡上甚至还设下疑兵迷惑德国人，使他们相信将在英法最接近处的加来海峡发起攻击，而不是计划中的诺曼底。
1) fool sb. into doing sth. 愚弄〔迷惑〕某人做某事2〕rather than 宁可，宁愿〔表示主观选择〕常用结构：… would/had rather do … than (do/doing) sth. Rather than … would ….… prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. (偶尔doing sth.)e.g. He would rather sacrifice his life than see damage done to state property.他宁可牺牲自己的生命，也不肯看到国家财产受到损失 e.g. Rather than being punished, he should be rewarded. 他该受奖励，而不应该受惩罚 e.g. He prefers to work rather than remain idle. 他宁愿工作，也不愿闲呆着3) as planned 是由as引导的方式状语从句，省略局部为as (it was) planned3. The fifth was chosen for D-Day to allow a safety margin in case the attack needed to be postponed.〔lines．22-23〕6月5日被选定为进攻开始日，其用意是留下一个安全系数，以防万一进攻需要推迟。
此句中in case 引导的条件状语从句注意比拟in case of, in the case of, in this/that case, a case in point等2〕postpone vt.推迟，使延期 〔~ + sth.; ~ + doing sth.〕4. But an unusually stormy transition from spring toward summer that year held out little hope that there would be a suitable break in the weather〔lines．25-27〕然而，当年春夏之交大风暴异乎寻常的多，想天气在这个当儿出现一个适合进攻的风平浪静的间隙，希望微乎其微1〕but引导转折从句2) that 引导的同位语从句，修饰hope.3) little 表否认含义5. As a result, the paratroopers were scattered over a wide area and most missed their drop zones, some by as much as 20 miles. 〔lines．57-58〕结果伞兵降落过于分散，大多数人偏离了降落区域，有的偏离了20英里之多。
1)as a result 后为表示结果的语句比拟as a result of ,其后为表示原因的语句2) as much as为同级比拟短语6. Never before had suck a fleet been assembled〔lines．71-72〕以前从未调集过如此庞大的舰队1)此句为倒装句，正常语序为 such a fleet had never been assembled before2)Assemble vt. 聚集，集会7. The German shore batteries that would have contested a landing in the original area would undoubtedly have taken a heavy toll. The landing at the new sector was virtually unoppose。