Last week, our economic work Conference held today, held the County's rural areas for work and "five water treatment", "three to split" Conference, which this year was a matter of "Thirteen-Five" important meeting of our County's economic and social development. The main task of the meeting was, on rural work and conscientiously implement the Central, provincial and municipal "five water treatment", "three to split" series of important conferences, learn from the past, study deployment priority tasks this year. Just now, the XXX Deputy head and Deputy County magistrate, respectively, on the work of the XX was fully deployed, and put forward specific measures and requirements about is in place. County Environmental Protection Bureau, the XX town, town of XX 3 units for a position statement, resounding, demonstrated determination and confidence. Conference also recognition has advanced representative, this, I also representative County, and County Government, to by recognition of advanced said warm of congratulated! to rural, and water and three modified a split front General cadres workers extend sincere of greeting! following, I again told five points views: a, and deepening awareness, further enhanced work of sense and urgency since party of 18 session v plenary proposed has "innovation, and coordination, and green, and open, and shared" five big development concept Hou, rural and environment governance work can said was upgrade to has more high of strategy level, is " Thirteen-Five "build well-off a top priority task. XX, County besides lingxi, Longgang, jinxiang, the Treasury, the hills, several industrial town outside the city centre, is basically belong to other rural areas, area, the vast rural population. Same time, the current and coming period, is the County into a crucial period of the South Gate of XX beautiful, environmental regulation directly affects the effectiveness of the strategic objectives can not be achieved. Therefore, the focus on rural work and "five water treatment", "three to split", the XX economic and social development has an important role. Last year, through the joint efforts of the County, reform of the agricultural and rural development has made great progress in our County, environmental remediation and achieved initial results. "Three agriculture" agricultural modernization level continues to increase, new 4-level modern agriculture Park, released 20 agricultural leading enterprises above the county level, the County area of 200 acres of land more than eco-leisure, investments of more than 5 million Yuan reached more than more than 100 agricultural projects. Rural development has improved continuously, boutique line 1 completed the beautiful countryside, fine village 17, beautiful rural development conference was held in lingxi peach Lake in the city. Promote comprehensive rural reform, included in the province's building "three in one" system of farmers ' cooperative economic organization first promoting the County. Improvement of farmers电力系统继电保护前言继电保护是随着电力系统的发展而发展起来的。
20世纪初随着电力系统的发展,继电器开始广泛应用于电力系统的保护,这时期是继电保护技术发展的开端最早的继电保护装置是熔断器从20世纪50年代到90年代末,在40余年的时间里,继电保护完成了发展的4个阶段,即从电磁式保护装置到晶体管式继电保护装置、到集成电路继电保护装置、再到微机继电保护装置 随着电子技术、计算机技术、通信技术的飞速发展,人工智能技术如人工神经网络、遗传算法、进化规模、模糊逻辑等相继在继电保护领域的研究应用,继电保护技术向计算机化、网络化、一体化、智能化方向发展 19世纪的最后25年里,作为最早的继电保护装置熔断器已开始应用电力系统的发展,电网结构日趋复杂,短路容量不断增大,到20世纪初期产生了作用于断路器的电磁型继电保护装置虽然在1928年电子器件已开始被应用于保护装置,但电子型静态继电器的大量推广和生产,只是在50年代晶体管和其他固态元器件迅速发展之后才得以实现静态继电器有较高的灵敏度和动作速度、维护简单、寿命长、体积小、消耗功率小等优点,但较易受环境温度和外界干扰的影响1965年出现了应用计算机的数字式继电保护大规模集成电路技术的飞速发展,微处理机和微型计算机的普遍应用,极大地推动了数字式继电保护技术的开发,目前微机数字保护正处于日新月异的研究试验阶段,并已有少量装置正式运行。
随着电力系统容量日益增大,范围越来越广,仅设置系统各元件的继电保护装置,远不能防止发生全电力系统长期大面积停电的严重事故为此必须从电力系统全局出发,研究故障元件被相应继电保护装置的动作切除后,系统将呈现何种工况,系统失去稳定时将出现何种特征,如何尽快恢复其正常运行等系统保护的任务就是当大电力系统正常运行被破坏时,尽可能将其影响范围限制到最小,负荷停电时间减到最短此外,机、炉、电任一部分的故障均影响电能的安全生产,特别是大机组和大电力系统的相互影响和协调正成为电能安全生产的重大课题因此,系统的继电保护和安全自动装置的配置方案应考虑机、炉等设备的承变能力,机、炉设备的设计制造也应充分考虑电力系统安全经济运行的实际需要为了巨型发电机组的安全,不仅应有完善的继电保护,还应研究、推广故障预测技术本次课程设计我们小组根据给定变电所的主接线图和一次设备的具体参数,对变电所的变压器、线路、联络开关等设备进行配置保护,说明各种保护的保护范围,主保护、后备保护的配合关系,各种保护主要保护目标并由此选定微机保护型号,然后对选定的微机保护的保护原理进行简单介绍,给出微机继电保护装置的安装位置,电压、电流、开关输入量、开关输出量的接线图并根据给出的主接线图和一次设备参数,计算短路电流、设定保护动作定值,最后根据配置的保护及整定定值,设定保护实验,及当电流、电压、开关输入量处于何种状态时,保护装置应该动作、何种情况不应动作。
第一章 继电保护的配置1.1 6kV线路L1719保护配置选择电网继电保护装置配置的总原则是当电网中任一元件发生故障时,应尽可能快速的将故障元件切除,使故障损失限制到最小,并快速恢复电网的正常运行3-110kv电网的继电保护,应当满足可靠性、灵敏性、速动性、选择性四项基本要求按照《继电保护和安全自动装置技术规程》(GB14285-93)及《电力装置的继电保护和安全自动装置设计规范》(GB50062-92)的要求对于3—10kV中性点非直接接地电力网的线路,对相间短路和单相接地,应按规定装设相应的保护保护装置采用远后备方式对单侧电源线路,可装设三段式过电流保护第一段为不带时限的电流速断保护(保护范围小于被保护线路的全长一般设定为被保护线路的全长的85),第二段为限时电流速断保护(保护范围能保护本线路的全长或下一回线路的15%),第三段为定时限过电流保护(保护范围能保护本线路的全长和相邻线路的全长) 对单相接地故障,应在发电厂和变电站母线上,装设单相接地监视装置,监视装置反映零序电压,动作于信号可能时常出现过负荷的电缆线路,或电缆与架空混合线路,应装设过负荷保护。
保护宜带时限动作于信号,必要时可动作于跳闸由于本系统中出线6kV线路1710-1737均为单侧电源线路,可考虑配置一段电流速断保护、一段限时电流速断保护、一段定时限过电流保护过负荷保护及三相一次重合闸根据变电所的主接线图和一次设备的具体参数,并通过南瑞继保选择MT-L54X装置作为微机保护器第二章 微机保护装置的简介与接线方法微机保护装置运行原理微机保护装置的数字核心一般由CPU、存储器、定时器/计数器、Watchdog等组成目前数字核心的主流为嵌入式微控制器(MCU),即通常所说的单片机;输入输出通道包括模拟量输入通道(模拟量输入变换回路(将CT、PT所测量的量转换成更低的适合内部A/D转换的电压量,±2.5V、±5V或±10V)、低通滤波器及采样、A/D转换)和数字量输入输出通道(人机接口和各种告警信号、跳闸信号及电度脉冲等)下面对MT-L542保护测控装置做如下介绍: 2.1.装置简介MT-54X系列数字保护测控装置主要应用于110KV及以下电压等级的变电站,开关站,泵站,电厂,他集保护,控制,测量,通信,滤波功能于一体,实现对电力发供点设备的保护,测量及监控功能2.2.保护原理2.2.1 三段式电流保护三段式电流保护,各段电流及时间定值可独立整定,通过分别设置保护软压板来控制这两段保护的投退,图2-1所示为A相1段过电流原理图,B,C及2段原理图类同。
2.2.2三段电流电压方向保护三段电流电压方向保护,每一段保护的电压闭锁元件及方向元件均可单独投退,通过分别设置保护软压板控制着三段保护的投退图 2-2所示为A相1段电流电压方向原理图,B,C相及2,3段原理图雷同2.2.3过流加速保护装置设置了独立的加速保护段,设有加速断电流定值及相应的时间定值可通过软压板控制投退,还可通过控制字选择合闸前加速或合闸后加速,合闸后加速保护包括手合于鼓掌加速跳与自动重合于故障加速跳装置的手合加速回路不需要由外部手动合闸把手的触点来启动,直接以TWJ来启动本保护在断路器有流或处于合位后开放3S2.2.4零序电流保护装置设有可整定延时的一段零序电流保护,可通过软压板投退,同时通过控制字可选择跳闸/告警在不接地或小电流接地系统中发生故障时,其接地故障点零序电流基本为电容电流,且幅值很小,用零序过流来检测接地故障很难保证其选择性因此需要装设小电流接地选线装置进行接地选线2.2.5低电压保护装置设有可整定延时的一段低电压保护,可通过软压板投退,同时通过控制字可选择跳闸/告警在系统故障时电压降低,可配置低电压保护来甩掉部分负荷本保护在有流时投入,在母线TV断线可选择闭锁。
2.2.6微机保护装置安装位置出线连接图2.2.7装置接线MT-L542控制原理图第三章 保护定值的整定3.16kV线路L1719保护整定计算当出线线路发生单相短路点直接接地时,根据电力系统分析相关内容,可得:If1=If0=1008(A);当出线线路发生两相直接短路时,根据电力系统分析相关内容,可得:If1 =2520(A)此时无零序电流;当出线线路发生两相短路接地时,根据电力系统分析相关内容,可得: If1==2880(A)If0=-2880*=-720(A)当出现线路发生三相短路时,根据电力系统分析相关内容,可得:If1==5040(A)此时无零序电流;取出线线路发生两相短路接地时零序电流最小值720A为短路电流值灵敏系数校验满足要求3.2 出线电流速断保护整定计算动作电流的整定:IopI=Krel*Ikmin=1.3*720= 936 A;速断保护区计算:IopI=*所以L=2km,所以保护范围为2/2.5=80%3.3 出线限时电流速断保护整定计算1.启动电流的整定:Iop.II=KrelII IopI=1.2*936=1123 (A)2.延时电流速断时间:一般考虑与相邻下一级线路保护I段配合,由于线路为直供用户线路,无下一级线路可配合,取:T2=0.5秒;3.4 出线定时限过电流保护整定计算1.启动电流计算:Iop.III=*=912(A)2、过电流保护时间T3=1.0秒第四章 微机保护装置实验设计4.1保护动作范围电流互感器最大误差系数,按其铭牌参数取0.05~0.1,由于保护最小整定值为Iop.III=912A所以当电流小于912(1-10%)时保护可靠不动作。
当短路电流值大于912(1+10%)时保护可靠动作4.2实验设计由短路电流整定计算可知:IopI=Krel1.33.6= 4.68k AIop.II = IopI=4.86=0.0585KAIop.III =Il.max ==0.433KA当电流在0A-433A时, 三段保护均不动作当电流在433A-585A时,线路Ⅲ段过电流保护经过1.0秒跳闸当电流在585A-4680A时,线路Ⅲ段过电流保护动作,线路Ⅱ段延时电流速断保护动作,最后由线路Ⅱ段延时电流速断保护经0.3迅速跳闸当电流大于4680A时,线路Ⅲ段过电流保护动作,线路Ⅱ段延时电流速断保护动作,线路Ⅰ段电流速断保护动作,最后由线路Ⅰ段电流速断保护立即跳闸结论本次设计是针对与110KV电网在不同运行方式以及短路故障类型情况下进行的分析计算和整定的通过具体的短路电流的计算发现电流的三段保护不能满足要求,故根据本次设计的实际要求,一以及继电保护“四性”的总要求故采用了反应相间短路的距离保护和反应接地故障的零序电流三段式保护由于本次设计涉及到不同运行方式下的不同类型的短路电流的计算,这对本次设计增加了难度在进行设计时首先要将各种元件参数标准化,而后对每个线路末端短路时进行三相短路电流计算,二项短路电流计算及零序电流的计算。
在整定是对于每一个保护分别进行零序电流保护的整定和距离保护阻抗的整定,并对其灵敏系数进行校验在实现继电保护的计算机化和网络化的条件下,保护装置实际上就是一台高性能,多功能的计算机,是整个电力系统计算机网络上的一个智能终端他可从网上获取电力系统运行和故障的任何信息和数据,也可以将他所获取的被保护原件的任何信息和数据传送给网络控制中心或任意终端因此,每个微机保护装置不但可完成继电保护功能,而且在无故障正常运行情况下还可以完成测量,控制数据通信功能,以及实现保护,控制,测量,通信一体化心得体会通过本次设计本金获得了知识,还加强自身独立思考问题的能力,从中收获不少的心得体会我深深体会到理论知识的重要性,只要牢固掌握学会的知识,才能更好的运用到实践中去,是我的思考方式更加缜密,对以后的工作很有帮助参考文献:1、《电力系统继电保护及安全自动装置整定计算》 (水利电力出版社)2、《电力工程设计手册》 (原水利部西北和东北电力设计院编,上海人民出版社出版)3、《电力变压器保护》 (中国电力出版社)4、《继电保护整定计算》 (中国水利水电出版社)5、《继电保护及安全自动装置技术标准》 (中国电力出版社)6、《继电保护和安全自动装置技术规程》7、《电力装置的继电保护和安全自动装置设计规范》8、《3—110kV电网继电保护装置运行整定规程》前言 1第一章 继电保护的配置 31.1 6kV线路L1719保护配置选择 3第二章 微机保护装置的简介与接线方法 32.1.装置简介 42.2.保护原理 42.2.1 三段式电流保护 42.2.2三段电流电压方向保护 42.2.3过流加速保护 52.2.4零序电流保护 52.2.5低电压保护 62.2.6微机保护装置安装位置 72.2.7装置接线 8第三章 保护定值的整定 93.16kV线路L1719保护整定计算 93.2 出线电流速断保护整定计算 93.3 出线限时电流速断保护整定计算 103.4 出线定时限过电流保护整定计算 10第四章 微机保护装置实验设计 104.1保护动作范围 104.2实验设计 10结论 11心得体会 12参考文献: 13living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 8949, 19008. "Five waters rule": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. "Three modified a split" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed "three modified" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Government was named city level "three modified a split" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires "no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, "South Gate of XX beautiful" goal, my County "San Nong" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained "low" pattern. "Low" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. "Small" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. "San" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in "dirty" phase. "Dirty" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. "Chaos" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting "four no" phenomenon, heap lying there. "Bad" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be "persistent" look. "Old" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. "Big" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. "Hard" is a "peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacks13。