刷题大卷练(五)第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项A[2019烟台高考诊断性测试]Dogs and humans have been living sidebyside for about 15 000 years, but there are tons of facts about dogs that perhaps we have never heard of.Night visionDogs have good night vision. Their large pupils let more light in and the rods(视杆细胞) work better in poor light. But the biggest factor is the tapetum(反光组织), which reflects light at the back of the eye. Besides, dogs whiskers(胡须) also help them “see” in the dark because they pick up on very small changes in air, providing dogs with information about the size, shape, and speed of things nearby.Secret tail codeDogs can use their tails to municate. They wag their tails to the right when they are relaxed or happy, and to the left when nervous or threatened. When theyre aggressive, the tails will stick straight up in the air. A broad wag is friendly while a slow wag is neutral, neither excited nor anxious.DreamsWe often see a dogs body making sudden movements in its sleep. Dogs have the same brain wave patterns as humans while they are asleep, so they dream just like we do.Super noseDogs can find their way home despite long distances. Their noses are a vital part of their incredible sense of direction. The part of a dogs brain that controls smell is 40 times larger than humans. Theyre able to follow smells for miles. Furthermore, dogs have an amazing ability to recognize the smells given off by the abnormal cells in human bodies, including cancer. This is something scientists are eager to explore further. And interestingly, a dogs “fingerprint” is on its nose. The patterns on dogs noses are so distinct that they can actually be used to identify the animals.A sixth senseDogs act strangely before something bad, like a storm or earthquake, happens, for they are sensitive to low frequencies that humans cant sense. So dont let their strange behavior go unnoticed next time. It could save your life.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了关于狗的一些信息1．Which of the following indirectly helps dogs see well in the dark?A．Their rods. B．Their tapetum.C．Their whiskers. D．Their pupils.答案与解析：C 考查细节理解由第二段第四句Besides, dogs whiskers(胡须) also help them “see” in the dark because they pick up on very small changes in air, providing dogs with information about the size, shape, and speed of things nearby.可知，狗的胡须能间接帮助它们在黑暗中看清东西，故正确答案为C2．If a dog holds up the tail, it indicates ________.A．happiness B．attack C．friendliness D．relaxation答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。
由第三段第三句“When theyre aggressive, the tails will stick straight up in the air.”可知，当狗的尾巴笔直竖起时，它们有攻击性，故正确答案为B3．What hasnt been discovered about a dog?A．Why it can sense natural disasters.B．Why it has an acute sense of smell.C．What emotions it shows with its tail.D．How it can smell humans illnesses.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解该题问的是有关狗的信息还有什么没有被发现根据最后一段第一句可知，狗能感受到自然灾害是因为它们能感知到人类无法感知的低频率；根据第五段第三句可知，狗有敏锐的嗅觉是因为狗的大脑里控制嗅觉的部分比人类的要大40倍；根据第三段内容可知，狗的尾巴可以表达它的情绪；根据第五段倒数第三、四句可知，狗如何能嗅到人类的疾病还需要进一步的探索，故正确答案为DB[2019洛阳、许昌高三质量检测]Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can bine the two, you get the best of both worlds.【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
熟词生义】 result常用义：n.结果例句：His views are the direct result of the time he spent in Africa.他的观点是他在非洲那段日子的直接产物本句义：v.产生；造成例句：The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths.气旋已经造成了成千上万的人死亡难句分析】 But I do have a crystalclear memory of the dogs, the farm animals，the local birds，and above all the insects.分析：本句是一个强调句，对句子的谓语have进行强调，助动词do放在谓语之前译文：但是我确实非常清楚地记得那些狗，农场的动物，当地的鸟类，尤其是昆虫4．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?A．Wildlife. B．Music.C．Languages. D．Literature.答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。
根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs，the farm animals，the local birds，and above all the insects”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A干扰项分析】 根据第二段最后两句“Unlike them，I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths”可知，B、C、D三项错误，故排除5．Why cant the author remember his relatives clearly?A．He didnt live with them for long.B．The family was extremely large.C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.D．He was too young when he lived with them.答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。
根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs，the farm animals，the local birds，and above all the insects”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C6．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?A．Being knowledgeable. B．Being selfdisciplined.C．Being full of ambition. D．Being full of enthusiasm.答案与解析：D 考查推理判断根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist.I have a strong love of the natural world，and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情促使作者不停地去探索，成了一个博物学家。
由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D7．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.C．He thinks he es up with solutions in a most natural way.D．He thinks he just reads about other peoples observations.答案与解析：A 考查细节理解根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity，a keen eye，a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline，a quality I lack”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。
C[2019洛阳、许昌高三质量检测试卷]“Time is a problem for kids，” states a news report for a new Swiss watch. Children in some countries “learn time slowly”because “they dont wear watches” and “parents dont really know how to teach them time”. The kids grow up with this handicap and bee adults — and then cant get to work on time. Is there an answer to this problem? Of course — its the Flik Flak, made by a famous Swiss watch pany.The Flik Flak is being marketed as a teaching watch for children aged 4 to 10. The watch itself does not teach kids how to tell time, and of course it merely “controls their imagination” by presenting the “hour” hand as a beautiful red girl named Flak and the “minute” hand as a tall blue boy named Flik. Flik points to corresponding blue minute numbers on the dial, while Flak points to red hour numbers, which is supposed to teach young children how to tell time.The watch es equipped with a standard battery and a nylon band. Peter Lipkin, the United States sales manager for the Flik Flak, calls it “Kidproof”： if it gets dirty you can throw the whole watch in the washing machine. The product is being sold in select department stores in Europe, Asia and the United States for a suggested price of $25. Parents who buy the watch may discover that it is one thing for kids to tell time; and its quite another for them to be on time.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款可以教孩子们看时间的手表。
难句分析】 Flik points to corresponding blue minute numbers on the dial，while Flak points to red hour numbers，which is supposed to teach young children how to tell time.分析：本句是一个复合句while引导状语从句，表对比；which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面整个句子译文：Flik指向表盘上相应的蓝色分钟数字，而Flak则指向表盘上红色的小时数字，这应该能教孩子们如何看时间8．Why does the writer use the question in the first paragraph?A．To stress the role of time.B．To draw readers attention to the topic.C．To emphasize parents importance to kids.D．To invite readers to answer it.答案与解析：B 考查推理判断根据第一段以及对全文的整体理解可推知，第一段的问题目的是吸引读者的注意力，从而导入本文的主题，故选B。
9．What does the underlined word “handicap” in the first paragraph refer to?A．Childrens lack of concept of time.B．Childrens conflict on time with parents.C．Parents overreaction to childrens unpunctuality.D．Parents neglect on childrens education.答案与解析：A 考查推理判断根据第一段第二句和画线词所在句中的“and then cant get to work on time”可推知，由于缺乏时间概念，这些孩子们长大后上班不能准时，故选A10．How does the watch contribute to teaching children how to tell time?A．By being decorated with different fairies.B．By arranging the face in a fantastic order.C．With creative designs effective on children.D．With the colorful “minute” hand and “second” hand.答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“it merely ‘controls their imagination’ by presenting the ‘hour’ hand as a beautiful red girl named Flak and the ‘minute’ hand as a tall blue boy named Flik... which is supposed to teach young children how to tell time”可推知，这款手表的特色在于其特别的设计，这有利于“控制孩子们的想象力”，从而让其对时间有一定的概念，故选C11．What does Peter Lipkin think of the watch?A．Its effective in teaching children time.B．Its the childrens favourite watch.C．It can be easily damaged.D．Its adaptable and durable.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解根据最后一段第二句“Peter Lipkin, the United States sales manager for the Flik Flak, calls it ‘Kidproof’： if it gets dirty you can throw the whole watch in the washing machine”可知，Peter Lipkin认为这款表适应性强且持久耐用，故选D。
干扰项分析】 Peter Lipkin并没有提到与A项、B项相关的信息；C项与最后一段第二句“Peter Lipkin, the United States sales manager for the Flik Flak, calls it ‘Kidproof’： if it gets dirty you can throw the whole watch in the washing machine”相悖，故排除D[2019陕西省部分学校摸底检测]Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic.The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch — about 40,000 metric tons — within five years. In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.The system, originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.Mr. Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a pany. Mr. Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as humanity created this problem, so I think its also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says.The Creat Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear” — parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes — often from illegal fishing vessels.Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking its food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。
难句分析】 In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.分析：这是一个主从复合句that引导定语从句，在从句中充当主语，指代前面的giant tubes；and连接定语从句中的两个并列谓语；现在分词短语“creating the largest floating barrier ever made”作状语译文：过去几周，他们一直在忙于将大型管道焊接在一起，这些管道将被放在海面上，构成机器的骨架，创建出有史以来最大的浮动屏障12．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?A．Waste. B．Ocean.C．System. D．Machine.答案与解析：A 考查词义猜测。
根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes — often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”，故选A13．Which one makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?A．Fishing vessels. B．Dolphins and seals.C．Giant tubes. D．Abandoned fishing gear.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解根据第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ‘ghost gear’ — parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes — often from illegal fishing vessels”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。
14．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?A．Because they are killed by ghost gear.B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear.C．Because they dont like eating plastic.D．Because they are not feeding properly.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，大太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能合理地进食15．What is the main idea of the passage?A．A report about the death of marine life.B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.C．Information about ocean plastic.D．The reason for inventing a machine.答案与解析：B 考查主旨大意。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic”点明了文章的主题，故选B第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项[2019惠州高三调研考试试题] Gratitude is not only an art performed in daily life, but also part of our traditional virtue. Has your mother or friend told you that youre an ungrateful person? Do you feel unable to appreciate the world or people around you? Are you obsessed with things you dont have instead of being thankful for what you do have? __16__， then you will definitely need to work on being a more grateful person.Showing gratitude has been put forward in the last few decades. __17__. But there are still some tips that help make it possible for you to practice gratitude.Refusing to play the victim is the first step youre supposed to take. __18__. If you want to be grateful, stop plaining to the world, your teachers, your friends and your family about not putting themselves in your shoes, and focus on how much theyve helped and cared about you.Volunteering in your munity is another effective way to show how grateful you are for what the world has given you. Whether youre helping clean up a local park, working in a soup kitchen, or teaching children or adults in your munity to learn to read, your perspective towards life will change positively. __19__.__20__. You shouldnt always be good only to your close friends or family members. You can help a neighbor look for a lost dog. You can also help an old lady carry her groceries. You dont have to search for these opportunities purposely. Sometimes they will present themselves. So when they e, act with generosity. Youll be more grateful for your role played in the world.A．However hard you try to avoid these questionsB．If you find yourself involved in one of these circumstancesC．Gradually, youll be more grateful for the chances to repay the societyD．Doing a random act of kindness is also a great way of practicing gratitudeE．While such encouragement is morally meaningful, it seems to be a little abstractF．Ungrateful persons are always blaming the world for the problems and owing all the faults to othersG．When you reflect on your thoughts, feelings, emotions and actions, you are actually reflecting on your values【文章大意】 本文主要对如何践行感恩和培养感恩的心提出了一些建议。
16．答案与解析：B 根据上文提到的几个问题中描述的情况，以及空后的“then you will definitely need to work on being a more grateful person”可知，B项符合语境，且B项中的“these circumstances”对应的正是上文提到的几个问题中描述的几种情况17．答案与解析：E 空处上文是说，近几十年里，表达感恩已经被提出；空后是说，但是，这仍有一些有助于践行感恩的建议故E项“尽管这种激励从道德上来讲是有意义的，但似乎有一点抽象”符合语境，衔接上下文，且E项中的“such encouragement”与空前一句呼应18．答案与解析：F 根据该段的主题句“Refusing to play the victim is the first step youre supposed to take”可知，本段讲述了践行感恩的第一个方法F项中的“blaming the world for the problems and owing all the faults to others”与之对应，且空后一句分析了一个懂得感恩的人应该停止对世界和身边的人抱怨，与F项形成对比，故F项符合语境。
19．答案与解析：C 空处上文列举了一系列社区志愿者的服务，这些服务能使人更积极地去看待人生，故C项“逐渐地，你会更加感激有这些回报社会的机会”符合语境C项中的“the chances”与该段中列举的社区服务相呼应20．答案与解析：D 根据空处所在位置及文章结构可知，空处为段落主题句，再结合本段的内容可知，本段是讲具体的践行感恩的善行，故D项符合语境第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项[2019唐山高三摸底考试]As usual, I was on duty with my police dog, German Shepherd Finn. Suddenly my breath became thick and fast. In the dark street ahead, I could make out the familiar __21__ of the fleeing suspect, a 16yearold boy.The boy we were __22__ was suspected of an armed __23__， and he just got away under our __24__ several times. “Not this time anyway！” I swore in my mind.I hit an emergency button on my radio for __25__ from the nearest police station as Finn and I approached __26__. The suspect was just about to climb over a __27__ when I got down in time to __28__ him. The teen __29__ a 10inch hunting knife and stabbed(刺) in my neck. Suddenly, Finn jumped between us, __30__ the suspects leg. A __31__ knife was pulled out of my dogs chest __32__ I knew what was happening. Though badly __33__， Finn still didnt let go of the boys leg.I picked the attacker up and __34__ on him on the ground as my colleagues __35__ into the garden. Officers __36__ the attacker, pinning him to the floor. I __37__ Finn to let go, and only then did the dog __38__ its head to the ground.Finn __39__ four hours of emergency surgery and had to have several parts of his lungs removed, but luckily, he made it. The knife had __40__ his heart by millimetres.I am so proud of Finn.【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了作者和警犬一起成功捉拿嫌疑人的故事。
高频词回顾】 make out辨认出，看出 approach v．靠近 be about to do sth.即将做某事21．A.character B．expressionC．shape D．face答案与解析：C 根据上文中的“make out”及常识可推知，作者当时辨认出嫌疑人熟悉的身形，故选C22．A.seeing through B．caring forC．bringing up D．searching for答案与解析：D 根据上文中的“fleeing suspect”及下文中的“he just got away... several times”可推知，这是作者他们正在寻找(searching for)的男孩，故选Dsee through“看穿”；care for“照顾”；bring up“抚养”23．A.robbery B．trainingC．deed D．performance答案与解析：A 根据上文中的“suspect”可知，那个男孩是一个嫌疑人，故选Arobbery“抢劫”24．A.feet B．nosesC．arms D．eyes答案与解析：B 根据下文“‘Not this time anyway！’I swore in my mind”可推知，这个嫌疑人已经在警察的眼皮子底下逃跑许多次，因此作者发誓这次绝不放过他。
under sbs nose“就在某人眼皮底下”，为固定搭配25．A.order B．call C．duty D．help答案与解析：D 根据语境可知，当时作者孤身一人，只有警犬跟着，因此作者按了紧急按钮以向最近的警察局寻求帮助，且下文“my colleagues __35__ into the garden”亦是提示，故选D26．A.quietly B．carelessly C．slowly D．madly答案与解析：A 根据语境可知，作者发出紧急求助后悄悄地(quietly)靠近嫌疑人，生怕打草惊蛇，故选A27．A.tree B．fence C．garden D．hill答案与解析：B 根据下文中的“as my colleagues __35__ into the garden”并结合语境可推知，当时嫌疑人想攀爬过花园篱笆(fence)28．A.attack B．persuade C．stop D．arrest答案与解析：C 根据下文对作者和嫌疑人搏斗的描述。