细心整理常见字母与字母组合发音规那么〔I〕元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规那么●元音字母发音〔一〕元音字母a 1.重读开音节/ei/ paper;late;make;lake;face 2.重读闭音节/æ/ bag;fat;cat;ladder;mass 〔*例外:any一些/e/ ;many许多/e/ 〕 3.非重读音节 /ə/ 或/i/ 即:/ə/ ——ago;al ong;among;above;aloud/i/ —— comrade;village;manager;palace;private;necklace *连续一样辅音〔字母〕,一般只发一个音,而且归属后一个音节段如上ladder,village. 4.在字母w或wh后面,发/ɔ/ was;wash;what;want;(*例外:water水/ɔ:/ ) 5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里 ,重读时均发/a:/ 即:dance;France;chance ask;mask;task;basket class;grass;glass;pass;——〔*例外:mass/æ/ 〕 fast;cast;past;last;master;father;path;bath;—— (*例外:maths/æ/ ) 〔二〕元音字母e 1.重读开音节/i:/ me;he;she;these;evening2.重读闭音节/e/ hen;get;set;tell;echo 3.非重读音节/i/ useless;ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;〔三〕元音字母i或y 1.重读开音节/ai/ China;try;my;hi;time;guide;2.重读闭音节/i/ sit;hit;ill;little;system;3.非重读音节/i/ unit ;study 〔四〕元音字母o 1.重读开音节/əu/ no;so;go;home;photo;2.重读闭音节/ɔ/ not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;3.非重读音节/ə/ purpose;concern 4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前,均发/ʌ/ son;month;come;ton;(*例外:Tom/ɔ/ )love;dove;glove;above;anothermother;brother;become;some5.两个单词:woman/‘w u-mən/ 女人〔单数〕;women/‘w i-min/ 女人〔复数〕 〔五〕元音字母u 1.重读开音节/ju:/ pupil;stud ent;use;cube 2.重读闭音节 /ʌ/ 或/u/ 即:/ʌ/ —— cut;luck;umbrella;us /u/ —— put;full;pull 3.非重读音节/ə/ autumn ;August;support ●元音字母组合拼读规那么 〔一〕元音字母a字母组合1.ai或ay在重读音节中/ei/ rain;train;brain;pain day;may;play;stay;lay*ay在非重读音里/i/ 或/ei/ Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday 2.al+ 绝大多数辅音字母 /ɔ:/ small;wall;call;talk;walk;chalk 或/ɔ: l/ also;always *al后面是k时,只发/ɔ:/ al+f或m时,al发/a:/ half;calm -al在词尾非重读/〔ə〕l/ medal;metal;(例外 canal运输河,重音在后/æl/ ) 3.-ance在重读时/a: ns/ chance;dance;France 在非重读时/ə ns/ importance;performance;ambulance 4.-ant非重读/ənt/ assistant;important;peasant 5.-ange一般/eindʒ/ change;danger;strange ;(*但 orange /indʒ/ ) 6.-age 一般/idʒ/ village;carriage;marriage7.-ask一般重读时/a: sk/ ask;mask;task ;basket 8.-ass一般重读时/a: s/ class;glass;grass;pass;(*但 mass/æ/ ) 9.-ast一般重读时/a: st/ last;past;fast;cast-aste一般/eist/ waste;paste;taste 10.-ath一般/a: θ/ bath;path;(*但 maths/æθ/ ) 或/a: ð/ father;rather;(*但 gather/æð/ ) 11.-au一般/ɔ:/ cause;autumn ;August;(*但 because/ɔ/ ) -augh(t)/ɔ: (t)/ caught;taught;daughter(*例外:laugh/la:f/ ) 12.-aw/ɔ:/ draw;saw;law;awful 13.a在字母w或wh后面,a发/ɔ/ was;wash;want;what;(*但 water/ɔ:/ ) 14.-ar重读音时/a:/ party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star在字母w或音/w/ 后面时 /ɔ:/ war;warm;warn ;towards;*quarter 在非重读音时/-ə/ beggar;dollar;solar 15.-are一般/-εə/ hare;bare;dare;stare;rare;care;parent 16.-air一般/-εə/ chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair 17.-able 一般/eibl/ able;cable;tabl e;stable 〔二〕元音字母e组合 1.-ea重读音节有四个音,分别是以下: -ea/i:/ team;meat;lead;teach;read;mean;please;steal -ea/e/ threat;bread;meant;read(过去式和过去分词 );peasant -ea/iə/ real;really -ea/ei/ great;break 2.-ee/i:/ feel;week;keep;three;steel;street;sweep;see *但是一个例外:coffee/i/ 3.-eer/iə/ deer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer 4.-er重读音节/ə:/ her;term;service;Germany非重读/ə/ worker;paper;western;teacher 特殊读法/a:/ clerk 5.-ere/iə/ here;mere -ere 或者发/εə/ there;where 6.-ear有三种音,分别是;-ear/iə/ ear;dear;near;clear;tear (n.);beard-ear /ə:/ early;earth;learn;heard-ear /a:/ heart*tear作为动词时,发/εə/ 7.-ei /ei/ eight;weigh;weight -ei /ai/ height-ei /i:/ receive8.-ey重读/ei/ they;hey;survey -ey重读/i:/ key -ey非重读/i/ monkey;donkey;valley;volleyball *-et非重读/it/ pocket;ticket;rocket 9.-ew 一般/ju:/ new;few;knew -ew 或者发/u:/ grew;threw -ew还可以发/əu/ sew 10.-ege /idʒ/ college 11.-est /i s t/ biggest;modest;happiest;12.词尾-ed在浊音后/d/ lived;studied -ed在清音后/t/ worked;finished -ed在字母t或d后/id/ wanted;needed 〔三〕元音字母i或y组合 1.-ie在重读音节中,或在辅音字母前,发/i:/ field;piece;achieve -ie在词尾/ai/ lie;die;tie 2.-igh(t)在重读音节/ai(t)/ high;night;light;bright 3.-ir在重读音节/ə:/ girl;firm;circle;first;third 4.-ire在重读音节/‘aiə/ fire;tired;hire;retired;wire 5.-ild/aild/ child;wild6.-ind/aind/ find;kind;mind;wind;(*但 window/ind/ ) 7.-ing/iŋ/ king;wing;sing;doing;making 8.-(a)tion/(ei)ʃn/ nation;pronunciation;information;composition -stion/tʃ n/ question -sion/ʃn/ 或/ʒn/ mission使命;precision精细 9.-ye在词尾/ai/ good-bye;bye-bye 10.-ist/i s t/ list;fist; 〔四〕元音字母o组合 1.-oa在重音时/əu/ boat;coat;road;goat;toad -oar在重音时/ɔ:/ blackboard;aboard 2.-oi,-oy在重音时/ɔi/ boiler;point;join;oilboy;toy;joy;loyal 3.-oo一般/u:/ soon;too;zoo;room;noon;food;mood;boot;moon *单词room和其他名词构成合成词时,常发短音。
如 classroom/u/ …等等 在字母k或有时在t,d之前时/u/ cook;look;book;took;foot;good;4.-or在重音时/ɔ:/ for;horse;important;morning;born -or在字母w后面/ə:/ work;word;world;worse;worth (*但是 wore ,worn例外,均发/ɔ:/ ) -or在非重音时/ə/ monitor;doctor;professor;forget;forwards;forgive;conductor 5.-oar一般/ɔ:/ board;aboard;blackboard 6.-oor一般/ɔ:/ 或在美式英语里发/ɔə/ door;floor -oor 还发/uə/ poor 7.-ore在重音时/ɔ:/ snore;more;before;foreign;forest8.-ou一般/au/ shout;loud;round;found -ou还发/ʌ/ country;countryside;trouble -ou 还发/u:/ wound;wounded 9.-ough(t)发/ɔ:(t)/ ought;brought;bought;fought;thought (*例外: cough/k ɔ f/ ) 10.-oe/əu/ toe;hoe;Joe 11.-old/əu l d/ old;hold;cold;told 12.-ost/əu s t/ post;most;host;ghost (*例外cost/ɔ s t/ ) 13.-our在重音时/au/ sour;our;hour;还发/ɔ:/ four;course;pour还发/uə/ tour;gourd -our 在词尾(非重音)/ə/ colour;neighbour;favourite 14.-ow在重音时/au/ now;cow;down;how;town -ow在重音或非重音中/əu/ low;yellow;below;follow;grow tomorrow;window;widow;know;show〔五〕元音字母u组合1.-u在字母ll或sh之前,或者在字母b,p或f之后,均发/u/ 如: full;bull;pull;push;bush 字母l,r或j+u 构成开音节,u发/u:/ rule;true;blue;June 2.-ue在词尾/ju:/ argue;continue 3.-ui在字母j或r后面时,发/u:/ fruit;juice -ui在字母b或g后面,或者紧接重音节后面一个音节时发/i/ ,如:build;guilty;biscuit(*即就是说字母u不发音) 4.-ur在重音时/ə:/ turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse 在非重音时/ə/ surprise;Saturday -ure在重音时/(j)uə/ pure/juə/ ;manure/juə/ ;sure/uə/ -ture发/tʃə/ picture;future;mixture (II) ●辅音字母及辅音字母组合拼读规那么 辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些是特殊,下面试列举如下: 1.b在一般状况下/b/ back;big;lab;brother b和u在一起,u常发/i/ building;build;busy -bt一般/t/ debt;doubt 2.c在字母e,i或y前面时/s/ city;Bruce;juice;bicycle;face;central c在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前/k/ cup;cold;cattle;duck;bicycle;cap;cut;class; c在词尾时也发/k/ ,但后面有e,那还发/s/ gymnastic/k/ ;music/k/ ;grace/s/ ;Bruce/s/ -cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前/k/ occasion;according;occupy;acclaim 在元音字母e和i之前/ks/ accent;success -ci有时发/ʃ/ social -ch 有三种音/tʃ/ /k/ 或/ʃ/ 如下: /tʃ/ China;rich;chick;chalk /k/ school;chemist;chemistry;chemical;ache;technology /ʃ/ machine;parachute;moustache -tch/tʃ/ catch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher -ck/k/ duck;luck;ticket;pocket;black;cock 3.d在一般状况下/d/ did;made;desk;duck;doubt;damage -ds发/dz/ birds;hands dr在元音字母前/dr/ dry;dress;driver;drill -dge一般/dʒ/ bridge;fridge;judge;edge 4.f在一般状况下/f/ five;flag;life;l eaf 5.g在字母e,i或y前面/dʒ/ large;general;gymnastics;age;energy*例外: give;forgive;get;forget等,g都发/g/ 在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前/g/ goat;game;guard;ghost;glass 在词尾也发/g/ big;egg;fig;flag -gn/n/ ,即g不发音 foreign;sign;gnaw -gh发/f/ 或/-/ (*既不发音 ) /-/ high;thought;light;brought /f/ laugh;cough -dge发/dʒ/ bridge;knowledge;judge *gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音 guess;guest;guard;guide而-gue在词尾发/g/ league;colleague 6.h在一般状况下/h/ help;behave;hell o;hit;hurry h在字母r或x后面不发音 rhino;exhibition 7.j在一般状况下/dʒ/ joy;judge;injure;journey;January;jar;just8.k在一般状况下/k/ king;milk;kick;kiss;lock;knock k后面是n时,k不发音,即kn发/n/ knock;knee;know;knowledge;knife 9.l在元音字母前发/l/ (*即“勒”音,供参考 ) light;look;let;lab;livel在辅音字母或词尾时发/l/ (*即“尔”音,供参考 ) cold;sell;chalk10.m在一般状况下/m/ meet;meat;mother;come;make;Tomm后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发/m/ comb;tomb;climb;bomber11.n在一般状况下/n/ in;now;next;ton;nest n在m后面时,n常不发音,即-mn发/m/ autumn;column 但后面有后缀或构成合成词,那么n还要发音 autumnal;columnist -ng常发/ŋ/ 或/ŋg/ 发/ŋ/ si ng;king;English ;young 发 /ŋg/ finger;younger;language -nk常发/ŋk/ ba nk;sink;sank;sunk;ink;thank 12.p在一般状况下/p/ map;cap;people;pest -ph/f/ photo;phantom;philosophy;physics;phrase 13.que在一般状况下/k/ unique;cheque qu一般发/k w/ quarter;quick;quilt;quiet;quite;queen 14.r在元音字母前才发音/r/ (*即音同“略”供参考 ) room;read;rest;around r在辅音字母或词尾前,一般不发音 car;star;jar rh在元音字母前只发/r/ rhyme;rhino;rhetoric 15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后,一般发/s/ 如: see;some;set;sister;works;lips;newspaper;yes;this 注:一条发音习惯,欧美人在发/s/ 音后面清辅音时,习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应浊辅音〔而书写音标时候,还是写成清辅音〕,试举例如下: 如:school---音标/s k u: l/ ,而习惯念成/s g u: l/ street---音标/s tr i: t/ ,而习惯念成/s dr i: t/ stubborn---音标/‘s t ʌ b n/ ,而习惯念成/‘s d ʌ b n/ student---音标/‘s t j u: d ə n t/ ,而习惯念成/‘s d j u: d ə n t/ space---音标/s p ei s/ ,而习惯念成/s b ei s/ steal---音标/s t i: l/ ,而习惯念成/s d i: l/ 就是这样,像这样单词还有许多。
这里只列举这么多了 s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时,发/z/ 如: these;nose;l ose;rise;wisdom;observe 词尾s在浊辅音或元音之后〔即在浊音之后〕,发/z/ 如: pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys 词尾,,,s,在长元音之后,发/z/ hers;yours s还可以发/ʃ/ sure;Russia -sh一般发/ʃ/ sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;fish -sch一般状况下/s k/ school;scheme(准备) -sion一般状况下/ʃ n/ tension;succession 在元音字母后/ʒ n/ decision;conclusion -sure在元音字母后/ʒ ə/ measure;pleasure 16. t在一般状况下/t/ tooth; cat;teach;tool;hit cut;let;ten;table;taste; -th一般发/θ/ 或/ð/ ,即发/θ/ thin;tooth;youth;think;thigh 发/ð/ that;with;this;these;those -tr/tr/ try;trust;trip;trouble;tree;street -tion/ʃ n/ information;organization;pronunciation;production (*一个例外: question/tʃ n/ ) -ture/tʃ ə/ picture;mixture;future 17.v在一般状况下/v/ very;live;vehicl e;vase;valley;village 18.w在元音字母之前/w/ wear;wind ow;widow;week;weak;wisdom wr/r/ write;wrong;wrist;written wh/h/ who;whom;whose;whole wh/w/ what;which;when;where;why aw/ɔ:/ draw;saw;law;lawyer;awful ew/j u:/ few;threw;grew;knew;new ow/əu/ own;owner;low;slow;know;below ow/au/ now;cow;crown 19.x在一般状况下/ks/ box;fox;next;textile 位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上时,发/gz/ exam;exist;anxiety 20.y在元音字母之前/j/ you;youth;yes;young 21.z在一般状况下/z/ zoo;quiz;zebra;zero;zipper。