2022高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习 Unit 2 Working the land（含解析）新人教版必修4【短文语法填空】Most people agree that the best way 1. (improve) your skills in any endeavor is to practice and practice and then practice some more.This applies 2. (equal) to playing sports or being a good musician, painter or doctor.Of course, natural talent also plays a part in high 3. (achieve), but learning the correct techniques and then practicing them will improve anyone’s performance.The same principle 4. (apply) to petent readers.There are certain 5. (technique) you can learn and then 6. is up to you to practice.The texts you choose to practice with should not be too difficult or you will soon get frustrated and bored.One way to test 7. a text is at the right level or not is to read the first page.If the percentage of new words is 8. (high) than 3%, you will not be able to read the text easily and so will probably not enjoy it.Reading will also be enjoyable if the subject interests you or you believe it is useful.For example, suppose in biology you were studying how plants reproduce, then you could find an English text about this 9. the Internet.That way you would be practicing reading in English as well as 10. (study) biology.【解题导语】 文章向我们介绍了英语阅读练习的相关技巧，强调练习在任何领域都起着重要作用。
1．to improve 解析：考查非谓语动词句意：大多数人认为在任何尝试中，提升你技能最好的方式是练习、练习、再练习the best way to do sth.为固定结构，意为“做某事的最佳方式”，动词不定式结构作后置定语2．equally 解析：考查词性转换句意为：这一点同样适用于体育运动或成为一名好的音乐家、画家或医生分析句子结构可知，apply to为动词短语，应用副词修饰故填equally3．achievement(s) 解析：考查词性转换句意：当然，天赋对于取得高成就起着重要作用……设空前为介词in，故填achieve的名词形式achievement(s)，作宾语4．applies 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致句意：同样的原则适用于有能力的读者根据句意及句子结构可知，The same principle为主语，且此处阐述的是客观事实，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式故填applies5．techniques 解析：考查名词单复数句意：有些特定的技巧供你学习，然后练习取决于你自己technique在此意为“技巧”，为可数名词，根据There are可知应用复数形式故填techniques。
6．it 解析：考查代词句意见上一题解析It is up to sb.to do sth.为固定句型，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式故填it7．whether 解析：考查宾语从句句意：检测一篇文章是否难度适中的一种方式是读第一页分析句子结构可知，test为动词，后接宾语从句，结合句意和空后的or not可知，此处填whether8．higher 解析：考查形容词的比较级句意：如果生词率高于3%，你将很难读懂文章，因此可能也不会喜欢这篇文章根据空后的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级故填higher9．on 解析：考查介词句意：……你可以在网上找到有关这一主题的英文文章on the Internet为固定搭配，意为“在网上”10．studying 解析：考查非谓语动词句意：你可以用那种方式练习用英语阅读和学习生物由as well as可知，practicing和设空处并列，故填studying一．高考单词→识记·思考·运用1．核心词汇①struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏②expand vt.&vi.使变大；伸展③export vt.&vi.输出；出口④rid vt.摆脱；除去⑤reduce vt.减少；减缩⑥focus n．焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦⑦ment n．评论；议论 vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论⑧equip vt.&vi.配备；装备 equipment n．设备⑨confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难 confused adj.迷惑的 confusing adj.令人困惑的⑩regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔 regretful adj.后悔的；遗憾的2．常考词汇①therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而②decade n. 十年；十年期③output n. 产量；输出④skim vt. 浏览；略读⑤underline vt. 画底线标出；强调⑥battle n. 战役；战斗；斗争；较量vt.&vi. 搏斗；奋斗⑦hunger n. 饥饿；欲望vt.&vi. (使)饥饿hungry adj. 饥饿的⑧disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的；disturb vt. 打扰⑨circulate vt.&vi.循环；流传circulation n. 循环；流传⑩ discovery n．发现；发觉discover vt. 发现⑪occupation n. 工作；职业；占领occupy vt. 占据；占领⑫chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的n. 化学药品；chemistry n. 化学；chemist n. 化学家用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity (product)．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)2．What does the underlined (underline) word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)3．If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed，you’re not to be disturbed (disturb)．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)4．These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced (reduce) plant diversity in the park.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)5．Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)6．To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger (hungry) for new experiences.(2016·北京卷)7．George Vaillant is the psychologist(心理学家) who made the discovery (discover)．(2016·天津卷)8．Most of us are more focused (focus) on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)9．Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the harmful effects of chemicals (chemistry) on humans.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)10．Taking melatonin (褪黑激素) drugs has been suggested to those who are_struggling (struggle) to fall asleep at night.(2016·四川卷)❶“因此”家族①therefore adv.因此；所以；因而②so conj.因此，所以③thus adv.因此，于是④consequently adv.所以，因此⑤as a result 结果，因此❷后缀-tion构成的抽象名词①addition 增加，增加物②application 请求，应用，运用③appreciation 欣赏，鉴赏④celebration 庆祝，典礼⑤bination 结合⑥concentration 集中，专心⑦conduction 传导⑧congratulation 祝贺⑨consideration 考虑，思考⑩construction 建造，建筑❸动词“扩展；扩大”荟萃①extend 延伸；扩大②enlarge 扩大；放大③spread 扩展；蔓延；传播④expand 扩展；扩张；膨胀⑤broaden 使……变宽，扩展⑥widen 加宽，使张开，使扩大❹后缀-dom 构成的名词一览①freedom 自由②wisdom 智慧③kingdom 王国④filmdom 电影界，电影业【完形填空】Falling off a boxcar and landing on my head，I lost my sight when I was four years old.Now I am thirtytwo.I can __1__ remember the brightness of sunshine.It would be wonderful to see again，__2__ a tragedy can do strange things to people.It __3__ to me that I might not have e to love life as I do now if I hadn't been blind.My parents and my teacher saw something __4__ me，and they made me want to __5__ against blindness.The hardest __6__ I had to learn was to believe in myself.If I hadn't been able to do that，I would have __7__ down for the rest of my life.When I say __8__ in myself I am not talking about __9__ the kind of selfconfidence that __10__ me down an unfamiliar staircase(楼梯)alone.But I mean something bigger than that：the assurance that I am a real positive person __11__ imperfections.It took me years to obtain this __12__.It had to start with the __13__.Once a man gave me an indoor __14__.“I can't use this，”I said.“Take it with you，” he __15__ me，“and roll it around.”The __16__ stuck in my head.“Roll it around！” By rolling the ball I could hear where it went.This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought __17__. At the School for the Blind I __18__ a new kind of baseball called the “ground ball”．All my life I have set a series of goals and then tried to reach them，one at a time.I had to learn my __19__.I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made __20__.1．A.randomly B．abruptlyC．roughly D．pletely2．A.so B．butC．thus D．and3．A.occurred B．referredC．brought D．turned4．A.of B．forC．to D．in5．A.get B．fightC．find D．drop6．A.method B．experienceC．lesson D．manner7．A.broken B．putC．settled D．lay8．A.courage B．ambitionC．belief D．power9．A.firmly B．simplyC．fairly D．slightly10．A.stops B．helpsC．finds D．gives11．A.despite B．besidesC．without D．unlike12．A.description B．existenceC．accusation D．recognition13．A.intelligence B．incidentC．trouble D．determination14．A.chair B．baseballC．game D．design15．A.urged B．blamedC．greeted D．teased16．A.goals B．wordsC．images D．ideas17．A.valuable B．reasonableC．impossible D．unbearable18．A.discovered B．equippedC．formed D．invented19．A.limitations B．advantagesC．puzzles D．personalities20．A.sense B．progressC．mistakes D．decisions【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
文章主要讲述了“我”在四岁的时候失去了视力，但通过一件小事，“我”学会了自信，并逐渐取得进步的过程核心词汇】tragedy悲剧 imperfection缺点on the average一般来说 roughly粗略地1．C 考查副词我”四岁时失去视力，现在已经三十二岁了由此可推知，此处表示“我”粗略地记得，故选Croughly“粗略地，大致上”2．B 考查连词根据语境可知，上下文之间是转折关系，故选B3．A 考查动词我”想到如果“我”没有失明“我”可能不会像现在这样热爱生活It occurs to sb.that...为固定句型，意为“某人想到……”4．D 考查介词我”父母以及老师看到了“我”内在的一些东西，他们让“我”想要与失明作斗争根据语境可知，此处应选D5．B 考查动词参见上题解析fight against...“与……作斗争”6．C 考查名词我”学到的最困难的一课(lesson)就是要相信“我”自己7．A 考查动词如果“我”做不到那样的话，“我”可能已经精神崩溃了break down“(在健康或精神等方面)垮掉”8．C 考查名词根据上文中的“to believe in myself”可知，此处应选C项与上文相照应。
9．B 考查副词我”说的信心并不仅仅(simply)指帮助(helps)“我”走下陌生楼梯的自信10．B 考查动词参见上题解析11．A 考查介词尽管“我”是一个不完美的人，但是“我”是一个积极的人despite“尽管”，符合语境12．D 考查名词我”花了很多年才认识到这一点A项意为“描述”；B项意为“存在”；C项意为“控告”；D项意为“认识”13．B 考查名词这从一件小事开始A项意为“智慧”；B项意为“小事”；C项意为“麻烦”；D项意为“决心”14．B 考查名词根据下文中的“a new kind of baseball”可知，此处指棒球15．A 考查动词根据语境可知，此处指他一直在敦促“我”urge“强烈要求，敦促”16．B 考查名词他所说的话(words)印在“我”的脑海中，故选B17．C 考查形容词这给了“我”一个如何实现”我”认为不可能(impossible)的目标的想法A项意为“有价值的”；B项意为“合情理的”；C项意为“不可能的”；D项意为“无法容忍的”18．D 考查动词在盲人学校“我”发明(invented)了一种新的被称之为“地滚球”的棒球A项意为“发现”；B项意为“配备”；C项意为“形成”；D项意为“发明”。
19．A 考查名词我”不得不了解自己的不足之处limitation“(某人或某物的) 局限性，不足之处”20．B 考查名词我”有时会失败，但一般说来“我”取得了进步make progress“取得进展”二．重点短语→识记·思考·运用1．动词＋介词/副词①search for 寻找；搜寻②turn to 转向；求助于③focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于……④build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发⑤lead to 导致；造成(后果)⑥rid... of 使……摆脱或除去2．其他形式①would rather 宁愿；宁可②thanks to 幸亏；由于，因为③be satisfied with 对……感到满意④with the hope of 怀有……的希望⑤keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物质)用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1．They tried again and again until all of us were_satisfied.(2017·北京卷)2．Studying babies’play may lead_to a better understanding of science.(2016·浙江卷)3．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic that a person would_rather keep secret.(2016·浙江卷)4．Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks_to the fortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏卷)5．After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear.(2015·浙江卷)❶“动词＋up”短语小结①e up 上来，长出，出现②keep up 保持③hurry up 赶快④stay up 挺住，熬夜⑤make up 构成，组成，编造，弥补⑥speed up 加快速度❷“动词＋to”短语荟萃①lead to 导致，通向②attend to 处理，专心于，照料③add to 增添④agree to 同意⑤e to 苏醒⑥refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅三．佳句选粹——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.If so, what did you do to grow these plants?如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？if so 意为“如果是这样的话”，是if 引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。
这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧Will you be free this Sunday? If_so，let’s go camping. 2.In 1973，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱the first/last/best...＋n.＋to do sth.“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个……做某事的人/物”她总是第一个到办公室最后一个离开，我猜这就是她那么快得到晋升的原因She is always the first person to_go_to_the_office_and_the_last_to_leave，which I guess is why she is promoted so quickly.3.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获 20%的产量。
make it＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构他的梦想是奥运会将使得各个国家和人民和平共处His dream was that the Olympic Games would make_it_possible_for_countries_and_people_to_live peacefully side by side.4.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上would rather do sth.“宁愿做……”现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里Nowadays more and more people would_rather_not_live_in_big_cities.【七选五】Are you having trouble concentrating when you're reading a book or listening to a lecture？This list of activities might help to improve your study habits.Make a list.We often have trouble paying attention to one thing because our brain wants to think about something else. 1 You don't worry about whatever else you should be doing.Sleep more.Studies show that people who sleep fewer than eight hours a night for a period of time have slower response systems and more difficulty recalling information. 2 Eat healthier foods.Many people enjoy foods high in fats and sugars. 3 They might give you a temporary burst of energy.However，that energy is soon followed by a crash.Reduce screen time.This may be the most unpopular suggestion among young people.Screen time— time spent looking at cell phones，televisions，puter screens，has a clear effect on the attention span. 4 5 Concentration improves for students who participate in team sports.It could be that being active is helpful in this way.Participating in a sport trains your brain to concentrate on specific tasks，and shut out other thoughts.A．Be active.B．Practice more.C．These foods can provide enough energy for focusing.D．But these foods can't be helpful enough when it es to focusing.E．That is bad news for teens who stay up studying the night before a test.F．Researchers advise parents to limit it when their children need to be focused.G．By writing down all the things you need to do，you'll gain a sense of control.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
介绍了几种提高注意力的方法1．G [根据本段的主题句“列清单”以及空后的“You don't worry about whatever else you should be doing.”可知，选G项]2．E [根据本段的主题句“Sleep more.”和空前一句的内容可知，选E项]3．D [下文的“that energy is soon followed by a crash”与D项中的“can't be helpful enough”相对应，故答案为D]4．F [本段的主题句“Reduce screen time.”与选项F中的“limit it”对应，故答案为F]5．A [空处为本段的主题句，由下文的“It could be that being active is helpful in this way.”可知，答案为A。