陶洁版 美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案美国文学选读 第三版 课后习题答案 陶洁（部分)Ｕnit 1 Ｂenjaｍin FranｋliｎQuｅstｉｏns１．Wｈy ｄid Frａnkｌiｎ write hiｓ Autobｉograpｈy?Ｆｒaｎklin sａys thaｔ beｃaｕｓe hiｓ soｎ may ｗiｓh ｔo kｎow ａboｕt his life, he ｉs takｉng hiｓ one ｗeek ｖaｃatｉon ｉn the Ｅnglish coｕntｒｙside tｏ recｏrd his ｐasｔ. He also ｓａyｓ that he hａｓ enjｏｙeｄ ｈis liｆe ａnd woｕlｄ ｌiｋe tｏ rｅpeａt iｔﻫ２.What ｍade Fｒankｌiｎ dｅｃiｄe to lｅａve ｔhｅ brｏtｈer ｔo wｈｏm he hａｄ been apprｅnｔiceｄ？ﻫHis brｏtheｒ was pａssｉｏnａｔe, ａnｄ hａd ｏften beateｎ ｈim. Tｈe ａverｓion to aｒｂiｔraｒｙ poweｒ ｔhａｔ has sｔucｋ tｏ ｈim ｔｈrouｇh his ｗｈole life ．Afteｒ a bｒｕsh with the law， Frａｎklin ｌeft his brotｈer.ﻫ3.How did ｈe arriｖe in Ｐhiladepｈｉa?ﻫFirsｔ he set oｕt in ａ bｏat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 5０ mileｓ froｍ Bｕrlingtoｎ， thｅ neｘt day he reacｈeｄ Bｕrlinｇｔon on fｏot， in Ｂuｒliｎgton ｈｅ fｏund ａ ｂoat whicｈ ｗaｓ goｉng towards Phｉladelpｈia， ｈe arｒived therｅ aｂｏut eｉght oｒ nine o’ｃlock, on ｔｈe Ｓuｎdａy ｍorｎｉnｇ and landed at the Market Strｅet wｈａｒf.ﻫ4．What feａtures do you find in thｅ sｔylｅ ｏf the abovｅ ｓelｅctｉon?ﻫIt is the pattern of Puritan simｐlicitｙ, ｄirｅctness, anｄ ｃonｃｉsion(言简意赅). Ｔｈe nａrratｉve ｉs luｃid(易懂的）， thｅ ｓtructure is sｉmplｅ， tｈe ｉmａgeｒｙ is hoｍely(朴素的).Uｎit ２ Edgar Allｅn Pｏeﻫ1.Wｈo is ｔhe ｎarratｏr? What wrong ｄｏes he waｎt ｔo ｒedresｓ?ﻫＭonｔｒesor.ﻫFoｒtｕnatｏ, ｏne of ｗine eｘpｅrtｓ insuｌtｅｄ ｈim， so he wａｎted ｔｏ muｒｄer him.ﻫ2．What iｓ the pretext he usｅs ｔo lure Forｔｕnaｔo to ｈis wine ceｌlar?ﻫHｅ baitｓ Ｆorｔunatｏ by tellinｇ him ｈｅ haｓ oｂｔａｉｎed whａt he ｂｅlieves tｏ be a cａsk oｆ Amｏｎtillaｄo a rarｅ ａnd valuａblｅ shｅrｒy wｉne. ﻫFortｕnato is anｘiｏus to ｄｅtｅｒmiｎe ｗhetheｒ or not iｔ ｉｓ truly Aｍontillado, ｓo hｅ ｇｏes tｏ thｅ vauｌt ｗｉth Ｍｏntｒeｓoｒ.3．Whaｔ hａppｅns ｔｏ Forｔｕnato iｎ the end?ﻫＨｅ wａｓ wａｌlｅd up alive behiｎd bricks iｎ ａ wine ceｌｌar.４.Deｓcribe briefly how Pｏe charａcteｒizes Montreｓor and Fortunato as cｏntraｓts?Poｅ usｅｓ coｌoｒ imagｅｒy to chaｒacterｉze tｈem. Montrｅsｏｒ face is covered in a bｌack silk mａsk, Ｉｎ cｏntｒaｓt, Forｔuｎato dresｓes ｔhｅ mｏｔley－colored costuｍe of tｈe ｃourt fooｌ, wｈo ｇets lｉｔｅrａllｙ aｎd tragicａlｌy fooｌｅd bｙ Ｍｏnｔrｅｓor's ｍaｓkｅd ｍotivｅｓ． Ｔhe color ｓchemes here rｅｐresent the ironｙ ｏf Ｆｏrｔｕnatｏ's deatｈ ｓｅntencｅ. Ｔhrough the ａcｔｓ, words, anｄ thougｈｔs ｏｆ Forｔunato,ｗe ｋnow Ｈe iｓ greｅdy， he waｓ lurｅd ｉnto thｅ dａrｋ and soｍbeｒ vａults ｊusｔ ｂecauｓｅ a ｃａsk oｆ Amonｔｉllａdo. Ｔhis is also dｕe tｏ his ｂad ｈabｉｔ oｆ bibuｌoｓity(酗酒). He lｏst ｈimｓｅｌf on ｈearinｇ thｅ wine. ﻫAｔ the ｓaｍｅ tiｍe, he ｗａs chｅated ｂy his ｅneｍｙ， whiｃh rｅflｅctｅd hiｓ ignｏｒance． Wheｎ he heａrd ｔhe ｐｒeteｎded ｃomｐｌimｅnt from Monｔresｏｒ, he bｅcａme very ｂoastｆul aｎｄ arｒｏgant.He was eａｓily confuｓed ｂy ｔhe ｓuperficial pｈenomena ａｎｄ faｉlｅｄ to waｔcｈ ouｔ ｆoｒ others. He coｕlｄn’ｔ toｌｅrate that otheｒｓ were sｔrongeｒ ｔhａn him. Ｆｏr examｐlｅ, Mｏntｒesor alwaｙｓ ｓtｉｍｕｌａtｅd ｈim with Luｃhresi ｗｈo was goｏd aｔ cｏｎnｏisseuｒ（鉴赏） ｉn wｉne. Undｅr ｔhe impulｓe oｆ vanｉty， he ｆell iｎtｏ Ｍontrｅsｏr’s terｒible ｔｒap. ﻫＩn fact, he wａｓ caｒelesｓ ａnd fｏoｌｉsh ａnｄ didn’ｔ find tｈat thｅ danger waｓ ａｐproacｈｉｎg ｈim. He lｏｏｋed ｄown upｏｎ Montresoｒ and ｏｔhｅrs.Ｈe didn’t rｅａliｚe hｉs fｏｏlishness untiｌ tｈe death wａs ｃomiｎｇ. Talking ｆrom ｔｈｅ appｅａrance， Monｓtresoｒ wａs a ｗell-eduｃateｄ ａnd “kinｄ” busiｎeｓsmａn. He enjoｙed the ｈonoｒ aｎｄ rｅspｅcｔ in the ｃity． Buｔ ｉn fact, ｈe was an eｖiｌ and aｗｆｕｌ perｓon． ﻫHiｓ inner ｆeeliｎgs were so crueｌ that they eｖeｎ maｄe people treｍble. ﻫUnder hｉs ｒich ａｐｐearａｎce was the dｉrty soｕl anｄ despicａｂle cｈaracteｒ. We couldn’t sｅe ａnｙ ｇlorｉous vｉrtｕｅｓ in hｉs mind. Ｉnｓtｅad, ｈis heａrt was cold anｄ ｄark. Ｉt was the ｒevｅngｅ tｈat thｒew Ｍｏntresor into tｈｅ ｄeeｐ evｉl vａllｅy.unit 4 Ｎaｔhanieｌ Ｈawthoｒｎe１.Wｈｙ is ｔｈｅ prisoｎ the setｔing oｆ Ｃhaｐter 1 ? Ｎo matｔｅｒ hｏw ｏptimistiｃ tｈe ｆouｎdeｒs oｆ neｗ cｏｌｏnｉes ｍay bｅ, tｈeｙ ａrｅ ｑuiｃk to esｔａbｌisｈ a priｓon aｎd a cemeterｙ ｉn theiｒ “Ｕtoｐia，” fｏr they ｋnow ｔhat ｍisbehavior, ｅvil， and dｅaｔh are unaｖｏiｄable. ﻫThiｓ belｉeｆ ｆiｔs iｎtｏ ｔｈｅ largｅr Ｐurｉｔaｎ ｄoctriｎe, wｈicｈ ｐuts heavｙ emｐhasｉs oｎ the ideａ ｏf ｏrｉｇｉnal sｉn—the notｉｏn that ａlｌ peoｐlｅ ａｒe borｎ ｓｉnｎeｒs becauｓe of thｅ initial ｔrａnｓgressｉｏns of Adam and Ｅvｅ in the Gardｅn ｏf Edeｎ. he is thｅrefore usiｎｇ the prｉsoｎ builｄing ｔｏ repreｓent tｈｅ ｃriｍe ａnd ｔhe punishmeｎｔ which ａre aｓpecｔ of civiｌized ｌifeWhaｔ is ｔｈe iｍｐlicatｉｏn ｏｆ tｈｅ ｄesｃription of ｔｈe roses?ﻫＴhe rosebuｓh ｓymｂoliｚes thｅ ability oｆ ｎａｔure tｏ enduｒe ａnｄ outlast man＇s acｔiｖiｔieｓ． The narraｔor suｇgeｓts ｔhat ｒoses offer ａ remｉndｅr oｆ Naｔure＇s kiｎｄｎess tｏ the cｏnｄeｍned; ｆｏr hiｓ ｔalｅ， ｈe says, ｉt will pｒoｖide ｅitｈer a “swｅet moral bｌｏssom” oｒ ｅlsｅ sｏme rｅlief ｉｎ the face oｆ ｕnrｅlenｔing soｒrow ａnｄ gloｏｍ.2．Ｄeｓｃribe the appearanｃe ｏf Hesｔｅr Pｒynne aｎd ｔhe attｉtude oｆ ｔhｅ peｏplｅ towards her.ﻫＴhｅ seｃonｄ ｐａraｇraph on pａｇｅ 30.Thｅ crowｄ iｎ froｎｔ of the ｊail is a mixture of men and woｍｅｎ, all maintainiｎｇ seｖere looｋs of ｄisａｐprｏvａl. Severaｌ of the women ｂegｉｎ to ｄiscusｓ Heｓter Pｒynne， and they soon ｖow thaｔ Ｈeｓｔer woulｄ ｎot ｈａve rｅceived sucｈ a lighｔ sｅntｅｎcｅ ｆｏr ｈｅｒ crｉme if they had bｅen thｅ jｕdges. One womａn, tｈe uｇlｉeｓt of the gｒｏｕp, gｏes so ｆar as to adｖｏcate death fｏr Hestｅｒ. ３.Wｈaｔ hａs happened tｏ Ｈester? ﻫAs ａ yｏunｇ womaｎ, Heｓｔer mａrried an eｌderly scholar, Chｉllinｇwｏrｔh, ｗho senｔ her ahｅad ｔo Amｅrｉca to ｌiｖe． While ｗaiｔiｎｇ for ｈｉm， sｈe ｈad an affａir with a Ｐuritan minister naｍeｄ Dｉmmeｓdale, after which ｓhe gave ｂirth ｔｏ Ｐeaｒl． Ｔｈe scarlet ｌeｔｔer is heｒ pｕnｉshmｅnt foｒ ｈeｒ sin and ｈeｒ secｒeｃｙ． Whｙ dｏes sｈe maｋe the embｒoidｅry of the leｔter A sｏ elaｂorate?It seemｓ to deｃlaｒe ｔhａt she is pｒoｕd, ratｈeｒ thaｎ asｈaｍed, ｏf her ｓin. ﻫIn realitｙ, hｏｗeveｒ， Heｓtｅｒ ｓimply ａccｅｐts tｈｅ “sｉn” and ｉts syｍbol aｓ ｐart of ｈerｓｅｌf, juｓt ａs shｅ aｃｃepts her ｃhild. Ａｎd ａlthｏｕgｈ she cａｎ ｈardlｙ ｂelieve hｅr prｅsent “realitieｓ,” she takｅs them ａｓ they are ratheｒ thaｎ ｒeｓisting ｔhｅｍ or tｒying to atone foｒ them.ﻫHoｗ doeｓ this tell uｓ aｂｏut her character?Ｔhroughｏｕt Ｔhｅ Scarlet Lｅｔtｅr Hｅｓtｅｒ ｉs portｒａyeｄ as ａｎ intellｉgeｎt, ｃapabｌｅ． It iｓ the ｅxtrａｏrｄｉnary ciｒcｕmstanｃｅs ｓｈapinｇ ｈer that ｍake her sｕch ａn ｉmportant figｕｒe.Unit5 Ｈｅrmaｎ Ｍelvilleﻫ１.What are thｅ sｔories Iｓｍael ｔellｓ aboｕt Mobｙ Dick？Iｓhmaｅl coｍparｅs thｅ lｅｇenｄ ｏｆ Moby Dick to his eｘperiｅnｃe oｆ thｅ whaｌe． ﻫＨｅ nｏtes thaｔ spｅrm whaｌe aｔｔacｋs havｅ ｉnｃrｅased recenｔly and that superstiｔiｏus saｉlｏrs hａve cｏme to rｅｇarｄ ｔhese atｔackｓ as haｖiｎg aｎ intelｌigent, eｖen ｓupｅrnａｔｕral ｏrｉgiｎ. ﻫIn ｐａrｔiｃuｌar, wｉlｄ rumｏrs ａboｕt Mｏby Ｄick cｉrcｕlate aｍong whaleｍｅn, sugｇｅｓting thａt he cａn be ｉn ｍｏre ｔｈan one ｐｌace at tｈe samｅ tｉme aｎd tｈat he ｉｓ imｍorｔaｌ. Ishｍaｅl remarkｓ that evｅn tｈe wildest oｆ rumorｓ ｕsually contａｉｎｓ soｍｅ ｔruｔh. ﻫＷhaｌeｓ， ｆoｒ ｉnｓtance， have been ｋｎown ｔo trａvｅl ｗith reｍarｋablｅ speed froｍ the Ａｔlantｉc to the Ｐaciｆiｃ; thus， it iｓ ｐｏssｉｂlｅ for a ｗhaｌe tｏ be cａｕgｈt in the Ｐａciｆiｃ ｗitｈ ｔhe harpｏons of a Greenｌanｄ ship ｉn ｉｔ.ﻫMｏby Dick， whｏ has defｉed ｃａpture nｕmerｏus tｉmeｓ， ｅxhｉbits ａn “ｉntｅlligent mａliｇｎity”（狠毒） ｉｎ ｈis attacｋｓ on mｅｎﻫﻫ2.Ｗhy doeｓ Ahab react sｏ violentlｙ ａgainsｔ ｔhｅ whitｅ whale?ﻫFirst, he loｓt oｎe oｆ his legｓ beｃａuse ｏf ｔhe ｗhite whale.ﻫSecoｎd,He conｓiderｓ Mobｙ Dicｋ thｅ embodｉment ｏf evｉｌ iｎ the wｏｒｌd, and ｈe ｐｕｒｓues ｔhe Ｗhiｔｅ Wｈaｌｅ,becａuｓe he ｂeliｅｖeｓ it hｉs inescapable ｆａtｅ to ｄesｔroｙ thｉs eｖiｌ.ﻫIshmａel sｕｇgestｓ thaｔ Ahab ｉs “ｃrazy”anｄ caｌl hiｍ “a ｒaviｎｇ ｌｕnａｔｉc.” Do yｏu agree ｗｉth ｈｉｍ? Whｙ ｏr wｈy not?Ishmａel dｅsｃribes Ahａb as mａd in hiｓ narｒａtion， aｎd it doeｓ indeed ｓｅｅm mad ｔｏ try to figｈｔ the forceｓ of natuｒe oｒ Gｏd． ﻫ3. Wｈat narrative features can ｙｏｕ find in thｅ sｅｌected ｃhａpter?ﻫIn the ｓeｌecｔed charpｔer, Melvｉlle ｅmplｏyed the techniquｅ ｏf mｕlｔiplｅ ｖiｅw oｆ his naｒrａtive ｔo portray Ｍoby Diｃk tｏ ａchｉeve the efｆeｃt ｏf ambiguitｙ and leｔ readers judge the ｍeaｎing.Uｎiｔ 6 Heｎry Daviｄ Tｈoreau1.Wherｅ iｎdeed did Tｈoreau live, both at a phyｓical lｅｖel aｎd at a ｓｐｉrｉtual level？ﻫＨe liｖｅd in a ｃabｉn on Ｗaldeｎ Pond， ｗhich bｅlonged to Emersｏｎ’s proｐertｙ.ﻫ２.Haｄ Ｔhｏｒｅau ever ｂought ａ farｍ? Why did hｅ enjoｙ the aｃｔ oｆ ｂuyinｇ?No, he hadn’t. He aｖｏided pｕrchａsｉng a ｆarm ｂecause iｔ ｗouｌd inevitablｙ tｉｅ him down finanｃially anｄ ｃomｐliｃaｔe hiｓ life. Ｔhoreau diｄn’t see the acquisitiｏn of wealtｈ ａs ｔhe goal ｆor huｍａn exisｔｅncｅ， he saw the gｏａｌ of liｆe ｔｏ be an eｘpｌoration of the mind and oｆ ｔhｅ ｍagniｆｉcent wｏrld around ｕｓ． He regarded tｈe pｌaces as aｎ ｅxｉｓtence ｆree of oｂligationｓ and full of leisure.ﻫ3．Is iｔ ｓignｉfｉcａｎｔ tｈａt Thoreau mentioｎed thｅ Fourth of Julｙ as the dａy on which he ｂｅｇａn tｏ ｓｔay in ｔｈe ｗｏodｓ？ Why?Yes， it iｓ.Bｅｃaｕse The Fｏｕrｔh oｆ Juｌy is known as Inｄｅpendｅｎce Ｄay,the birtｈdａｙ ｏt the Unitｅd Ｓtaｔｅs.Hｅｒe Thｏreaｕ uｓes the day ｔo express his beginnｉng of ｒegeｎeｒaｔion ａt Walden．ﻫIt ａlso ｍeanｓ a sｙmｂol ｏｆ his cｏnquest of ｂｅing. ﻫ4.How could yｏu answer ｔhe quesｔiｏn Thoｒｅau asked at ｔhe end of this selectｉon?Uｎit 7 １９th Ceｎｔury Aｍeｒican Ｐoets 1. Ｈｅｎry Wadswoｒtｈ Lonｇfelｌｏw (1) Ｉ Ｓhot ａn Aｒｒow… １. Why did the spｅａｋｅｒ loｓｅ sighｔ ｏｆ his ａｒrow ａnd song? Ｔhe aｒrow fｌｉes too swｉfｔｌy and tｏo fａｒ ａwａy to be seen ｂｙ ｔhe sｐeaｋer; wｈereａｓ tｈe sｏng is ｎaturａlｌｙ iｎｖｉsｉble. ２. Iｎ what ciｒｃumstancｅs did he finｄ theｍ agaｉn? He fｉｎdｓ theｍ unexpecｔｅdly yearｓ ｌatｅr from tｈe tｒｕｎk oｆ a trｅe and the heart oｆ a fｒｉｅnd. 3． What dｏ ａrrow aｎｄ ｓong stａnd for in tｈis ｐｏem? Ｔｈe iｍages oｆ arrｏｗ and song heｒｅ may stanｄ for frienｄsｈip. (2) A Psａｌｍ oｆ Lifｅ １. What kind ｏｆ pｅrsoｎ is the ｓpeakeｒ of thｉs poｅm? Ｔｈｅ speakeｒ ｉs a mａn ｏf actｉon, alｗays oｐtimistic anｄ cｈｅerfｕｌ， trｙiｎg ｔo achieve aｓ mｕch ａs possｉblｅ in the ｓhｏｒt sｐａn of ｌifｅ. 2. Aｃcording to thｅ ｐoem, how shoｕld oｕr lives ｂｅ led tｏ oveｒcome tｈｅ faｃｔ that ｅａch ｄay briｎgs ｕs neａｒeｒ tｏ ｄeatｈ? We should ｗork hａｒｄｅr aｎd live hａppier. ３. Ｉnｔerｐret the metaphor of "Fｏotｐrｉnts on ｔhe saｎd of ｔｉｍｅ＂ (line 28）. Tｈｅ ｍetaphoｒ reｆerｓ to ｈumaｎ deeds ｉｎ rｅａl liｆｅ. 2. Walt Whitｍan (1)One'ｓ Self Ｉ Sing 1. Ｗhａt ｉs ｔhe siｇnifｉcancｅ ｏｆ siｎｇing aｂout oｎe's ｓｅlf？ It ｉｓ an eｘaltatiｏn ｏf ｔhｅ ｉndiｖｉdual spirｉt, wｈich iｓ typiｃａｌ oｆ Ameｒiｃan peoｐle. 2． Wｈａt ｉs the ｄiffｅｒｅncｅ ｂetween phｙsiｏlogy ａnｄ ｐhysiognｏmy? Phyｓｉology is a scｉeｎcｅ thaｔ dealｓ ｗiｔh ｔhe funcｔiｏnｓ and liｆe pｒｏcｅｓs oｆ ｈuｍａn ｂeings， ｗｈｅｒｅaｓ ｐhｙsｉognomy ｒefers to ａn aｒt of judging ｃharacter ｆrom ｃｏntouｒs of faｃe itself ｏｒ the apｐearａnｃｅ of a ｐｅrｓon． 3. Wｈat ｄｏeｓ Whitｍan ｍean by the tｅｒｍ of "the Mｏｄerｎ Maｎ＂? He meaｎs thaｔ a ｍan should be freｅ ｆrｏm ａｎｙ prejudice and pｒidｅ， toｔalｌy difｆereｎｔ ｆrｏm the trａditiｏnａl oｎe, thａt is fuｌl of bias. (3） O Caｐtａin! Mｙ Caｐtain！ １. Wｈｙ is ｔhｅ word "Captaiｎ" ｃａpitalｉzed thｒoughｏut ｔhe poｅm? In thｉs poｅｍ thｅ ｗorｄ “Cａptaｉn” sｐｅｃiallｙ ｒeｆers ｔｏ Abraham Lincoln, presidenｔ ｏf the Unｉted Stａｔes. 2． Whaｔ ｏｖｅraｌl metａpｈor dｏes the poｅt ｅmｐｌoy ｉｎ this ｐoｅm? Life ｉs a journey. 3. Why dｏ peｏple oｎ thｅ shores exult and bells riｎｇ, while thｅ ｓpeakｅｒ ｒeｍaiｎs sｏ ｓad？ Theｙ wｅlcoｍe the sｈip ｒetｕrｎing from itｓ hard trip， ｗhｅreas the sｐeａker is sａｄ bｅcａusｅ thｅ caｐtａin faiｌs to ｒeｃeｉvｅ his ｏwn ｈoｎor． 3．Emily Ｄiｃkinson （１） To Make a Prairiｅ … 1. Ｗｈat thiｎgｓ are nｅｅded to ＂make" a prａirｉe？ Iｎ what sensｅ can oｎe ｒeａllｙ do ｉt? Soｍe ｇrass aｎd ｉｎｓecｔs aｎｄ sｍａlｌ animａls. Ｐeｏｐle can ｍakｅ a prａiriｅ ｗitｈ theiｒ imａgiｎaｔｉｏn． 2. How ｃaｎ ＂ｒeｖery aｌｏne＂ ｃrｅatｅ a ｐraiｒiｅ? Tｈe prairie sｔaｙs ｉn onｅ＇s miｎｄ． (2) Ｓｕccess Is Couｎteｄ Sｗｅeｔest 1. Whｙ ｉｓ ｓuccｅss "counted sweeｔest by those who ｎe'er succｅed"? Tｈose wｈo haｖｅ ｔasted the bｉtｔeｒnesｓ of failure woｕld ｈaｖe a ｋeener ｄesiｒｅ fｏr success． 2. Who aｒe "tｈｅ puｒｐｌe host＂? The so－calleｄ ｓｕcceｓsfｕl pｅopｌe iｎ ｔｈe world. 3. Ｗho ｉｓ "hｅ" ｉn ｔｈe lａst stanza? Ａnyoｎe whｏ is pursuing his suｃｃess． (3） I'ｍ Noｂody! 1． Wｈo ａｒe tｈe "paiｒ ｏf uｓ" aｎd "ｔhｅy" in thｉs ｐoem？ The "pair of us" refeｒs to thｅ ｓpｅakeｒ ｉn the ｐoｅm and tｈe rｅader, ａｎｄ "thｅy" ｒefeｒｓ to the puｂliｃ， espeｃially those in power. ２. Ｗhaｔ doｅs "an adｍirｉnｇ bog" reaｌｌy mｅaｎ?" （lｉne ２8）. It Imｐlｉes the vain aｎｄ empty ｃommon people, ｗｈo are alwayｓ aｄmiｒing and puｒｓuiｎｇ thｅ cｅｌｅbriｔieｓ． 3． Wｈaｔ ｉs the ｔheme oｆ tｈis poem? The ｒeal adｍｉrａble ｌife is a ｓecludｅｄ and common one． 4. Ｄｏ you want to be "noｂｏdy" or "somebｏdy"? Ｅxｐlain your reasons. Diffｅrent pｅrsｏns would have ｄifferｅnｔ ａnswｅrs tｏ tｈis quｅstioｎ． Peｒsｏnally, I ｐｒｅfeｒ to ｂe noｂｏdy.Uｎit 8 Ｍark Twａin1: Why dｏ you tｈink Mｒ.Wｈｅeｌｅr is so eaｇｅr to tｅｌｌ ｔhｅse stoｒies? Fｒoｍ Mr.Ｗhｅｅler’s ｂehaｖiors ａnd conｔents of hｉｓ narratｉon we ｃan know he is so ｅagｅr ｔo ｔeｌl these stｏrｉes.First, when "I" ａskｅd ｈiｍ to tell ＂ｍe" someｔhing about W.Smilｅy， hｅ “ ｂacked me into a cｏｒｎｅｒ ａnｄ ｂlockadeｄ me wｉth hiｓ chair, aｎｄ theｎ sat ｄoｗn ａｎd ｒｅｅled off thｅ nａrrａtive”． Aｎd ｄurｉnｇ tｈe process oｆ tｅllｉnｇ hiｓ stｏriｅs, he nｅver pａｉd any aｔtenｔion to otｈｅrｓ'responｓｅ to ｈiｓ story ａnd ｊust went on tｅｌｌing whaｔ amused ｈiｍ. At last wｈen the listener felt borｉng ａnd wantｅd to leave， Ｍr.Wｈeeler even didn＇ｔ nｏticｅ iｔ ａnd stiｌl asked him to sｉｔ ｔｈeｒe liｓｔeninｇ to ｈim.2: Dｏｅs ｈis ａudienｃｅ share hｉs eｎthusiasm in ｔelling ｔhe sｔorieｓ？ No. the audienｃe ｄoes not show any interesｔ in Mr.Ｗheeler’ sｔories. Ｉｎ faｃｔ, tｈe narｒatｏr was ｖeｒｙ ｆeverish ａbout ｈｉs storｉeｓ, but ，iｎ the ｅｙes oｆ ｔhｅ lｉｓｔener,the sｔoriｅｓ were vｅry borinｇ ａnd had ｎｏthｉng to ｄo wiｔh his pｒeｏccupaｔioｎ. Aｓ ａn educaｔed mａn， ｔｈｅ lｉsteｎeｒ ｃｏｕlｄｎ't uｎdｅrstaｎd thｅ ｗay of labｏrerｓ for jｏy， aｎd he would never bother himself to undｅrｓｔａnd iｔ. So ａｆter the lｏｎｇ timｅ oｆ Ｍr.Ｗｈeｅleｒ’ sｏlｏ narrａtion and ｗhｅn ｔｈｅ ａuｄience gｏt a ｃｈance, he ｆled away. 3: Do yｏｕ tｈink ｔhｅ naｒｒａtor ａnｄ hiｓ ｌistener ｅver suｓpect ｔhe ｐreseｎce oｆ huｍoｒ? Wｈy? How ｄo ｙou iｎtｅrpret theｉr intｅｒａctｉｏnｓ? The nａrｒaｔoｒ anｄ his ｌistener neｖｅr noｔiceｄ or suspected ｔhe preｓencｅ of ｈuｍor.Dｕring ｔｈe iｎｔeｒcoursｅ,ｔhe nａrratｏr ｗent ｖiｇｏｒously on his moｎotｏnous narrａｔive ＂wihouｔ a little sｍiｌiｎｇ" talking about thｅ aniｍaｌｓ anｄ the ｔhｉngs lｉke ，whｉｌｅ tｈｅ listener fｅlt raｔher puｚzleｄ ｏr botｈeｒed by his ｓtorｉｅs.It ｓeemed ｔo ｂe kind ｏf coarｓe thｉngｓ． So the two different ｓｃenes ｇo on seｐaｒateｌy withｏuｔ ａ inｔｅrsectｉoｎ.And thｅｉr intｅraction ｗaｓ a compｌete ｆailｕｒe aｃcｏrｄｉng toour cｏmmon seｎｓe about cｏmmunicatiｏn.Bｕt it in thiｓ sense produced thｅ ｅffect of ｈuｍｏr wｈiｃh cａn be tasted ｂｙ ｏuｒ rｅadeｒs due tｏ ｔhe skiｌｌｓ aｄｏptｅd ｂy Ｍａrk Ｔwain .Unｉt 14 F·Sｃｏtt Ｆitzgeｒaｌd1.Do you ｔhink Gatsby ｄeserves to be cａlled “the great”? Why? (1）I ｔhink it is tｏo complicated to simｐlｙ ｓay Ｇatsby deｓerves to be ―great‖ oｒ noｔ.For onｅ ｔhiｎg, Gａｔsｂy wａs ambiｔious， ｈaｒｄworkiｎｇ, genｅrｏus ａnd ｐassiｏnａｔe. Ｈe ｗaｓ so exｔrｅmｅly ｌoyａl to ｈiｓ ｌoｖｅ and Daisｙ ｔhat he could dｏ anythinｇ to ｇeｔ Daisy back: ｈe dｉd shａｄy business ｔo earｎ money ａｎd social ｐoｓiｔiｏn; he threw lｕxurioｕs parties just tｏ dｒａw Dａｉsy’ｓ aｔteｎtion; he couｌd tａke the blａme for ａ dｅａｔh ｔhat hｅ ｄid not caｕse．(2)In tｈis reｓpｅct， he is muｃh ―gｒeater‖ thａn hiｓ contemporａｒieｓ． Fｏr anothｅr thing， Gatsｂｙ ｎeｖer rｅalizｅd tｈａt Ｄaisy ｗasｎ’ｔ the girｌ he lｏvｅd anymore． Gatｓｂy ｗaｓ so innoceｎt ｔhaｔ he ｓtaked eｖerything oｎ his dreａms, noｔ rｅalｉｚｉng that his ｄreaｍｓ are ｕｎwｏrthy ｏf hiｍ. He wasn’t sobeｒ enouｇh ｔｏ ｂｅ ｇreat. 2．Dｏes “tｈｅ ｇrｅen light” Ｇaｔｓｂy ｂelievｅd in ｅxist iｎ reａｌity？ Why or why noｔ ？ （1）I tｈink ―thｅ ｇreen ｌight‖ does nｏt exist ｉn ｒeａliｔy． Becausｅ the ｇreen lｉｇht whiｃh situaｔed at the end ｏｆ Daisｙ’s Ｅasｔ Egｇ docｋ and ｂarｅly viｓｉｂle ｆrom Wｅst Egg lawn rｅpreｓentｓ Gatsby’s ｕnattaｉnable dｒeａm. Ａｌthoｕgh ｔhe cｏlｏr itself can be seen as hope anｄ ｂｒight futｕｒe, Gatｓｂｙ’s ｑｕesｔ ｆｏr Dａisy ｂack is dｏｏmed to ｂe iｍpossｉｂle. Ｄaisy lived in ―a matｅriａｌ ｗorld withouｔ ｂeinｇ rｅal, wheｒe pｏｏｒ ghosts, ｂｒeathing dream likｅ aｉｒ‖.（２)Ａfter fiｖe years wｈen Gatｓby ｍet Daisy agaiｎ, tｈe miracle Daiｓy ｈad lｏst heｒ origiｎal gloｒｙ. Therefore， ｔhere is no delａyiｎg ｔhａt Gatsbｙ’ｓ dｒeaｍ wouｌd not ｃome true. In thｅ noveｌ, ｔhe green lｉgｈt ｎｏt oｎly reｐreｓｅnts that ｉnnｏcｅｎt Ｇaｔsby loｏｋｅd forward ｔｏ ｔhｅ futｕrｅ, ｂut ａlｓo mｅaｎｓ hiｓ longｉnｇ for ｔhe ｈiｓtorｙ –hｉs hapｐy past with Daｉｓy. The dｉｓtiｎｃtion betｗｅeｎ iｄｅal ａnｄ reａliｔｙ ｗas hｕge. As if Ａmeｒｉcan drｅａｍ betｗeen gｏlden ｐａst and goｌdeｎ ｆｕtｕre ａlwａys sufｆered fｒoｍ tｈe ｒealistiｃ ｂｅｔrayal and crｕsh. 3.Ｗhaｔ dｏes Gatｓby’s Scｈｅdule reｖeal abouｔ hｉm and how does it reｌate tｏ thｅ Amｅricａｎ Ｄream? (1）The scｈｅdule ｉs ａ reflection oｆ Gatsby’s deｔermiｎａtioｎ and aｍbition. Ｉt rｅvealｓ ｔhａt hｅ is hard on ｈimｓeｌf iｎ puｒｓuｉｔ ｏf ｈis goａｌ—ｔo ｂｅ an ｕpper-clａss maｎ．（2）Oｎ one hand, we ｃan knoｗ ｔhat he iｓ perｓistent in pursuｉｎg his Americaｎ Dreａm-- to attain ｗealth ａnd happiness tｈroｕgｈ ｈis ｓtｒugｇle. On the oｔher haｎd, hｅ ｉs tｏｏ idｅalistiｃ aｎd nａivｅ.（3)He tｒieｓ hｉs best to make moｎey aｎd ｌeａrns eveｒythｉng ｒequｉｒed to ｂe aｎ upｐeｒ-class man ｓo thａt he can get access to his ｂeｌoved girl.Ｍoney is impｏｒtant，but ｔhere are otｈｅr bａｒrieｒs difficult to peneｔｒaｔe. Thｅ gｉrl ｈｅ lovｅs is ａs vulgar aｎd ｓｕpeｒficial as otｈerｓ in her circｌe, sｈe ｉs unａble ｔo ｍeets Gatｓｂy’s romaｎtic fantasｙ. So hiｓ dream is destiｎed to shatｔeｒ, wｈiｃh indiｃaｔes ｔhｅ ｄiｓillｕｓiｏn oｆ American Dreaｍ. ４.Ｗｈen yｏu ｒeａd ｔｈｅ ｌine “Ｈe (the maｎ ｗitｈ ｏwl－eｙed glasseｓ） ｔook off his glａsses ａnｄ ｗiｐｅd theｍ again， oｕtside and in ，” ｗhat imａgｅs ｄoes ｉt ｃreaｔｅ ｉn yｏｕr mind， giｖen the ｎovel’ｓ ｎumerous refeｒenｃes ｔo the sｔrikingｌy ｓｔrａnge ｓｃenｅ ｏｆ the spｅctａclｅｄ eｙeｓ? (1)From thiｓ ｌｉne ， superｆｉcialｌy, owl－eyes ｉs a persｏn wｉth ｔｈick and blurrｙ gｌasses who can noｔ seｅ cｌeａｒly ａｌl tｈe things ｉn the worlｄ． Hｏweｖer, we kｎow he ｉs aｃtualｌy an owl－ｗiｓe oｂｓeｒｖｅr ａｎd sｅes more ｃlｅａrly ｔhａn ａnｙoｎe else in thｅ nｏｖeｌ． Oｗl-Eｙes, except Nick, is the onlｙ frienｄ to appｅar aｔ thｅ ｒaｉn-soａｋｅd ｂurial of Gatsｂy， when others are unwｉｌｌiｎg to ｃome. He ｆeｅｌs ｓyｍpatｈy ｆｏr Gａｔｓby’s tｒaｇeｄｙ．（2)Aｆter ｒeaｄing ｔｈｉs ｌｉne， I cａnnoｔ hｅlp thinｋing oｆ tｈｅ Dr．Eｃkleburg ｂｉllboard wiｔh ｉｔs ｈugｅ yeｌｌoｗ sｐeｃtacｌes iｎ tｈis novel. In many ｒainy ｄays, Dr． Ｅcklｅbuｒg’ｓ eyes are alｓo dimmeｄ and seｅm blｉnd. But in ｆact ｔｈiｓ is a paiｒ of "all-sｅｅiｎｇ" eyｅs. The Owｌ-Eｙed Ｍan is ｓimilaｒ to Dr. Ecｋｌeburg, sａｄlｙ loｏkｉnｇ ａt the ｐeoｐｌe’s ｌife anｄ idｅalism ｏf ｔｈis ｔiｍe. Boｔｈ ｏf tｈeｍ sｙmboｌｉze an uninvolved sｐecｔａｔor god． Thｅy watcｈ ａｌl tｈe activiｔies ｏf the huｍａns. Oｗl－eyes is the avatar of thｅ ｓigｈtlesｓ Dr. Ｅckｌｅburｇ.Unit １6 Ｅrnｅsｔ Ｈemｉngwａy1． Hoｗ ｄo ｙoｕ inｔerpret tｈｅ irony ｏf the tｉtle afteｒ reaｄｉｎg the sｔory? （1)Tｈe titｌｅ ―Ａ Ｃlｅan Well-Lｉghted Pｌaｃe‖ refeｒs ｔo tｈe café in thｅ texｔ. The café wａs vｅrｙ cｌeaｎ and well- lighted. From ｔｈe ｌｉtｅrarｙ meaning， ｗｅ may fｅel this placｅ ｗas vｅｒy waｒm and cｏmfortable, wａs a plａce wｈerｅ ｐeople need wａrｍｔh waｎted tｏ go. So tｈe ｏld mａn， who waｓ rich but deaf anｄ loneｌy cａme here tｏ find ｗarmｔｈ ａnd avoided nａda. It was the ｏnly place he cｏｕlｄ go ａnd couｌｄ fiｎd sｏme comｆort．(２）Ｈowever, the yoｕnger waitｅr was ｖeｒy selｆiｓh. Aｓ his wｉfｅ ｗas waiｔｉng hiｍ ｏｎ the bｅd, he wanteｄ to ｇｏ homｅ eaｒly． Thｅrｅfoｒｅ, ｈe rｅｆused to oｆfｅr the old man anotｈｅr cup of ｗine by ｔhe eｘcusｅ thａt tｈｅ busineｓs wａs finisｈed. In faｃt, ｔheｒe ｗas sｔill aｎ hoｕｒ ｆrom ｃlosinｇ tｉme. The younger thｏught ａn hour was more iｍｐortａnt tｏ him than tｏ ｔhe old man． Thｅ oｌd mａn nｅｅｄeｄ tｏ leave ｔhe only pｌacｅ whｅre he cｏｕld get ｆar away ｆｒｏm nada/ nｏthinｇ. Thｉs cａfé should be warm buｔ tｈe yoｕngｅｒ waiter forced the lonｅly ａｎd deａｆ ｔo ｌｅavｅ wｉtｈouｔ anｙ sｙｍpatｈy. This is thｅ irony ｏf the ｔitlｅ． 2. Do you thｉnｋ yｏuth ａnd confｉdeｎce cａn heｌp ｏｎｅ witｈstaｎｄ tｈe ｍetａｐhoriｃal dａrk？Wｈy or why nｏｔ？ （1）I ｄon’t thiｎk sｏ．In ｏｕr oｐｉｎioｎ, ｔhe metaｐhｏrical dａrk mｅans naｄa,nｏthing in oｎe’s inｎer ｈearｔ． Iｎ the ａrticle, the younｇer wａiter hａd both ｙｏｕth aｎd coｎfideｎcｅ; ｈowｅｖeｒ, he nｅver madｅ fuｌl uｓｅ of ｔｈｅm. As we ｃａｎ see, hｅ didｎ’t understand tｈe old ｍan’s suicide ａｎd excessive drｉnkiｎg, ａnd ｆａｉｌed to see hｉｓ tomｏrrow ｔｈrｏugh ｔｈｅ oｌd mａn’s preseｎt situation.(2）Wｈaｔ’ｓ ｍore， ｈe had ｎo iｄea that youth ｉs nｏt permanenｔ, whｉch caｎｎｏt guaranteｅ lｏｖe aｎd woｒｋ． From ａbｏｖe, tｈere is nｏ denyinｇ thaｔ hｅ ｄiｄn’t rｅaｌｉze his nａｄa. Theｒefｏre, his ｙoutｈ and cｏnfidence neveｒ conｔｒibuted ｔo wｉtｈstanｄｉng his ｍｅtaphoriｃal dａrk.(3)I thiｎk ｔhat， nｏwａｄays, youth and confidence do cａn helｐ tｏ wｉthstaｎｄ ｔhe meｔaphoriｃaｌ ｄａrｋ。