2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Mary（）my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.问题1选项A.has receivedB.ought to have receivedC.couldn't have receivedD.should have received【答案】C【解析】辨析题句意：Mary不可能收到了我的信, 否则她早就回复我了只有选项C符合句意2. 单选题My friend Paul was badly taken in when he paid $1000 for that second-hand car, it was not worth（）问题1选项A.that all muchB.all that muchC.that much allD.much all that【答案】B【解析】考查修饰语that much通常用于口语中，用all修饰，进一步加强语气所以本题选B3. 单选题All the information we have collected in relation to that case（）very little.问题1选项A.makes up forB.adds up toC.comes up withD.puts up with【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。
makes up for补偿, 弥补；adds up to合计, 总计；comes up with提出, 赶上；puts up with容忍, 忍受句意：我们收集到的关于那个案子的所有资料都没有什么结果选项C符合句意4. 单选题To say that the child learns（1）imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every（2）he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to（3）is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn（4） Look at it from the child's point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a（5）response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain（6）. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason（7）what to do, he observes a（8）who seems able to get the right（9）. The child looks for a/an（10） There is a second element at（11）in this situation. The child may be able to（12）his immediate goal only to（13）that his method brings criticism（14）people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is（15）emphatically that this action is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus,the desire to（16）any objective situation is overlaid（17）the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and（18） some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must（20）responses his social group approves.问题1选项A.throughB.fromC.byD.with问题2选项A.actionB.thingC.situationD.adult问题3选项A.learnB.setC.imitateD.follow问题4选项A.fromB.toC.forD.into问题5选项A.readyB.immediateC.goodD.reasonable问题6选项A.endsB.purposeC.intentionD.goal问题7选项A.upB.forC.throughD.out问题8选项A.studentB.exampleC.modelD.child问题9选项A.effectB.rewardC.resultD.outcome问题10选项A.professionalB.authorityC.specialistD.teacher问题11选项A.workingB.workC.the workD.his问题12选项A.attainB.findC.acquireD.grasp问题13选项A.tellB.getC.findD.realize问题14选项A.toB.intoC.fromD.out of问题15选项A.informedB.askedC.notifiedD.told问题16选项A.solveB.faceC.encounterD.avoid问题17选项A.byB.withC.inD.for问题18选项A.likeB.loveC.consentD.approval问题19选项A.grantB.appraiseC.rewardD.award问题20选项A.doB.takeC.adoptD.employ【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:D第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:A第13题:C第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）by表示“通过”。
句意：孩子通过模仿学习, 符合句意2）根据原文推测, 孩子模仿的是动作,而不是人或某个东西, 所以选项A符合原文3）follow the example意为“模仿,效仿”4）turn to转向, 求助于这里表示的是我们必须求助于一个独特的理论5）根据下文中的a ready response,可知这里也应填入readya ready response快速的反应因为孩子面对的是新的情形,所以他无法做出快速的反应6）gain one's ends为固定搭配, 意为达到目的, 成功这里指孩子会寻求做出某种反应来实现某种目的7）这里表达的是孩子面对这种情形缺少做出反应的能力,就不知道该怎么做reason out“推理出,推断出”,符合句意, 选项D符合句意8）根据原文：当孩子不知道该怎么做时,他会找一个榜样,观察这个榜样是怎么做的选项C符合原文9）这里指的是孩子所找到的榜样, 榜样是能够获得好的结果的result泛指结果本身, outcome强调一件事情的结局, 所以选项C更符合原文10）根据原文：孩子们找寻权威或专家来告诉他们该做什么填空处的词应与expert意思相近, authority“权威”相对来说更符合原文。
11）at work为固定搭配，意为“起作用”原文指“在这种情形下,还有第二种因素在起作用”12）attain one's goal为固定搭配，意为“达到目标”这里强调的是目标的实现, 所以选项A符合原文13）根据原文：孩子可能能够实现自己的目标,但是发现自己的方法会招来批评选项C符合句意14）这里的批评来自于那些观察他的人, 强调的是来源, 所以应填入介词from15）句意：传递消息通过大声喊叫, 别人就会告诉他这种行为是令人不愉快的tell“告诉”,较口语化, 符合句意inform和notify过于正式, ask与句意不符16）原文指的是处理面对的这种情形, 选项A正确17）be overlaid with为固定搭配, 意为“被……掩盖”18）句意：当父母喜欢他的做事方法时,他就会获得更多的爱和支持love与affection同义, 故排除19）reward“回报”；award“授予,颁发”原文指对孩子行为的认可和回报, 所以选项C正确20）句意：想要获得别人的支持和自尊, 他就必须采用他的群体所支持的方法选项C符合句意5. 单选题Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad as or worse than the hazards of smoking too many cigarettes. All right then, let’s pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Let’s put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer alcoholism.But wait, we’ve already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abolished by an amendment to the Constitution (the 18th) and by a law of Congress (the Volstead Act). After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting of “intoxicating liquor”. Without any more liquor, people could not drink it, and if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers made it easy to buy an illegal drink. They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders. Drinkers were lucky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition; instead people drank more alcohol than ever — often poisoned alcohol.On December 5, 1933, they repealed prohibition by ratifying the 21st Amendment to the Constitution.1.Which of the following was Not a characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act?2.During prohibition, illegal alcohol was（）3.When enacting the prohibition laws, people （）4.When enacting the prohibition laws, government officials assumed that （）5.It can be inferred from the passage that （）问题1选项A.There would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism.B.There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.C.Without liquor, people would not drink.D.People wouldn’t become drunk or create a public nuisance.问题2选项A.sold openlyB.no longer a temptationC.a major factor in the passage of the Volstead ActD.brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders问题3选项A.lived in fear of the lawB.were willing to risk of arresting for the pleasure of liquorC.recklessly endangered their communitiesD.were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them问题4选项A.every American would buy alcohol illegallyB.all criminal activities would ceaseC.patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcoholD.the social threat from drunkenness would decline问题5选项A.the Congress was wise to repeal prohibitionB.the prohibition was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkennessC.during prohibition, most Americans stop drinkingD.laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcohol beverage【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。
根据第二段的内容可知, 选项A、C、D在本段均有提及, 只有选项B没有提及2.细节事实题根据第三段的第五句“They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders.”可知, 非法酒类是通过墨西哥及加拿大的边境走私而来的, 所以选项D符合原文3.细节事实题根据第三段的一二句“law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it.”选项B符合原文4.细节事实题根据第三段的最后一句“Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition；”禁酒的结果本应该是减少犯罪和酗酒由此推断官员推行禁酒是希望酗酒对社会的威胁会有所下降, 选项D符合原文5.判断推理题根据第三段的最后一句“people drank more alcohol than ever — often poisoned alcohol.”有了禁令之后, 人们喝得比以前更多了。
因此在1933年12月5日废除了禁令, 这一做法是明智的, 选项A正确6. 单选题The public opinion was that the time was not（）for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.问题1选项A.reasonableB.ripeC.readyD.practical【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析reasonable明理的, 理智的；ripe成熟的；ready准备好的；practical实际的, 现实的根据前面的time可知，这里指时机不成熟选项B符合句意句意：舆论认为，选举像琼斯先生这样激进的候选人的时机还不成熟7. 单选题The Government is（）the danger of lead pollution in our cities.问题1选项A.going forB.counting onC.looking intoD.turning up【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题go for主张，拥护；count on指望，依靠；look into调查，观察；turn up出现, 发生。
句意：政府正在对本城市的主要危险污染物进行调查选项C符合句意8. 单选题The students in the dormitories were forbidden, unless they had special passes, （）after 11 p.m.问题1选项A.staying outB.from staying outC.against staying outD.to stay out【答案】D【解析】unless they had special passes为插入语，可忽略不看forbid的常用搭配是 forbid sb. to do sth./ forbid doing sth.所以选项D正确9. 单选题I sent invitations to 80 people,（）have replied.问题1选项A.of whom only 20 of themB.only 20 of them whoC.of whom only 20D.only 20 who【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句句意：我邀请了80人, 其中只有20人回复了of表从属关系, 在这里指80人中的20人, whom指代80 人。
选项A重复, 选项C表述正确10. 单选题Oh, what a nuisance! It（）so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, and I have left them on the table at home.问题1选项A.would have beenB.had beenC.would beD.was【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气句意：真讨厌, 我本来很容易就能把那些我想给你看的照片帯过来, 我却把它们落在家里的桌子上了would have done为虚拟语气, 表示本应该做的事但却没有做11. 单选题In that war-torn country, homeless orphan children’s plight is quite（）.问题1选项A.deceptiveB.perceptiveC.patheticD.perpetual【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题deceptive欺诈的；perceptive感知的；pathetic可怜的；perpetual永久的句意：在那个饱受战争摧残的国家里，无家可归的孤儿的处境十分悲惨。
选项C符合句意12. 单选题Although too much（1）to the sun’s ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer, sunshine may have a（2）effect against some cancers, U.S. scientists said in April. They（3）vitamin D, the so-called sunshine vitamin that is also found in fortified milk and（4）products, cod liver and some fatty fish, can help to slow down the speed（5）which cancer（6）divide. “This study found inverse（7） between both residential and occupational exposure to sunlight（8）mortality from female breast and colon cancers,” said Dr. Michael Freedman of the National Cancer（9）.In research（10）in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Freedman and his team studied（11）from breast, ovarian, colon, prostate and skin cancers in 24 U.S. states between 1984 and 1995 to determine the（12）of sunlight on the disease. （13）surprisingly, they found more deaths from skin cancer in sunnier（14）but the number of people who died from the other cancers was lower in the（15）areas. Working（16）in a sunny climate was also associated with（17）breast and colon cancer deaths but not（18）the other cancers. Freedman said more research is needed to（19）the association between sunlight and（20）cancers.问题1选项A.exposureB.additionC.resolutionD.solution问题2选项A.potentialB.protectiveC.insufficientD.effective问题3选项A.signifyB.prescribeC.reassureD.suspect问题4选项A.agriculturalB.beanC.meatD.dairy问题5选项A.withB.beyondC.atD.in问题6选项A.portionsB.cellsC.diseasesD.illnesses问题7选项A.associationsB.conclusionsC.judgmentsD.illusions问题8选项A.orB.forC.butD.and问题9选项A.ConstitutionB.ConferenceC.InstituteD.Operation问题10选项A.doneB.concernedC.involvedD.reported问题11选项A.deathsB.painsC.sufferingsD.effects问题12选项A.degreeB.impactC.intensityD.depth问题13选项A.MoreB.NotC.MuchD.No问题14选项A.statesB.countriesC.citiesD.provinces问题15选项A.wetB.windyC.sunshineD.dry问题16选项A.heavilyB.outdoorsC.offensivelyD.hard问题17选项A.moreB.manyC.lessD.fewer问题18选项A.withB.forC.onD.to问题19选项A.indicateB.propelC.explainD.generate问题20选项A.otherB.vitalC.certainD.severe【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:D第11题:A第12题:B第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）exposure暴露；addition増加；resolution决心；solution解决。
根据句意：过度暴露在太阳紫外线下会导致皮肤癌选项A符合句意2）potential潜在的；protective防护的；insufficient不足够的；effective有效的根据句意：阳光可能对某些癌症有一定的预防作用选项B符合句意3）signify表示, 预示；prescribe规定；reassure使...安心；suspect怀疑, 猜想根据句意：他们猜想, 所谓的阳光维他命—维他命D...”, 选项D符合原文4）agricultural农业的；bean豆类；meat 肉；dairy奶制品dairy products为固定搭配5）at the speed of为固定短语, 意为“以...的速度”6）portions部分；cells细胞；diseases疾病；illness病痛这里指癌细胞, 用cancer cell7）associations关系；conclusions结论；judgment判断；illusions例子根据句意：这项研究发现住宅和职业暴露在阳光下与女性乳腺癌和结肠癌的死亡率呈负相关选项A符合句意8）“住宅和工作场所所接收阳光照射的程度”与“女性乳腺癌和结肠癌的死亡率”是并列关系, 用and, 选项D正确。
9）constitution宪法；conference会议；institute研究所；operation操作根据原文可知这里指国家癌症研究所选项C正确10）根据原文：在《职业与环境医学》的研究报告中, ...选项D符合原文11）根据下文, 他们发现阳光充足的州皮肤癌死亡率较高由此推断选项A符合原文12）词义辨析题degree程度；impact影响；intensity强度；depth深度根据原文可知这里是研究阳光对癌症的影响, 选项B符合原文13）根据原文可知研究发现与他们之前的假设基本一致, 所以应该用not surprisingly, 表示不出所料14）细节判断题根据上文可知是美国各州之间的数据对比, 这里也应该填入states, 所以选项A符合原文15）细节判断题根据上文的sunnier states, 可以推断这里也应该指阳光充足的地区, 选项C符合原文16）根据下文的sunny climate, 可知这里指户外工作, 选项B符合原文17）细节判断题根据上文提到的, 阳光充足的州皮肤癌死亡率较高, 而这些地区其他癌症的死亡率却低得多由此推断, 这里指死亡率更低, 根据后面的deaths可推断应用fewer修饰, 所以选项D正确。
18）固定搭配be associated with与...相关19）indicate指出；propel激励；explain 解释；generate使形成, 发生根据句意：弗里德曼说, 还需要更多的研究来解释阳光和某些癌症之间的联系选项C符合句意20）这里强调的是阳光与具体的某种癌症的关系, 所以选项C更符合原文13. 单选题That terrible noise is（）me mad.问题1选项A.drivingB.settingC.puttingD.turning【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配题drive sb. 使某人...句意：那可怕的噪音快把我逼疯了14. 单选题We hadn’t enough money to pay our bus fare, and in（）we had to walk.问题1选项A.particularB.consequenceC.possessionD.succession【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题particular特别的，特色；consequence结果，因此；possession拥有，所有；succession 接连，避承权句意：我们没有足够的钱卖车票，所以只能步行。
选项B符合句意15. 单选题Why does a company want to（1）its money with other people? There are several reasons. First, the company may（2）very well. It may need money to（3）. By selling shares of （4）, the company can get the money it needs. Sometimes, it is（5）for the company to go public for tax reasons. Because of the tax（6）, the company may save money on taxes by selling shares on the stock exchange. Sometimes, a company may owe a lot of money（7） However, the reasons why companies sell their stocks on the stock exchange are often（8）. In general, all companies（9）sell shares of stock on the stock exchange need to（10）money for one reason or another. Investors（11）buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money（12）. Suppose that a person invests in a company, and the company makes money. The company shares this money with the（13）. This money that is shared is called a（14）. Dividends are usually sent to investors once every three months while they（15）the stock. A second way that investors may（16）is to sell the stock at a higher price than they（17） of each share of stock goes up if the company does well. It may also（19）for many other reasons. But when it does go up, a person may sell it and make a（20）.问题1选项A.distractB.permeateC.shareD.recede问题2选项A.have doneB.be doingC.doD.have been doing问题3选项A.perplexB.dominateC.integrateD.expand问题4选项A.utilitiesB.contributionsC.earningsD.laws问题5选项A.toB.forC.onD.from问题6选项A.complexB.essentialC.comprehensiveD.understandable问题7选项A.whatB.thatC.whichD.while问题8选项A.locateB.admitC.proclaimD.raise问题9选项A.stakeB.stockC.stalkD.stack问题10选项A.potentialB.advantageousC.sensitiveD.actual问题11选项A.whoB.whichC.untilD.if问题12选项A.by mistakeB.to dateC.on earthD.right away问题13选项A.observerB.directorC.investorD.instructor问题14选项A.tuitionB.postageC.tipD.dividend问题15选项A.offerB.ownC.convinceD.equip问题16选项A.sell moneyB.share moneyC.take moneyD.make money问题17选项A.confrontedB.extractedC.spilledD.paid问题18选项A.priceB.investmentC.costD.value问题19选项A.tighten upB.stock upC.go upD.stir up问题20选项A.profitB.benefitC.awardD.input【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D第11题:A第12题:D第13题:C第14题:D第15题:B第16题:D第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:A【解析】（1）distract转移,分心,一般与介词from搭配；permeate渗透；share分享,常与介词with搭配；recede退去,减弱。
根据原文：为什么一个公司想要和其他人分享它的资金呢?选项C更符合原文2）may是情态动词,后面接be动词或动词原形根据后面的well可知,本题还考查doing well的搭配选项B正确3）perplex使困惑；dominate控制,支配,占优势； integrate 一体化；expand扩张句意：它可能需要资金来扩张选项D符合4）shares of stock股票,股份为固定搭配5）这里为形式主语的结构句意：有时,由于税收原因,上市对公司是有利的6）句意：根据税法的规定,公司可以通过在证券交易所出售股票来节省税款Tax laws指税收的法律 （7）考查固定搭配owe to为固定搭配,指“欠...”，这里指公司可能欠银行很多钱8）根据下文“for one reason or another”这样或者那样的原因,说明公司在证券交易所出售股票的原因往往很复杂选项A符合原文9）句子结构完整,说明不缺成分,that在这里引导的是同位语从句,不充当任何成分,解释说明company10）根据上文“By selling shares of stock, it may be able to pay the banks.”通过出售股票,它也许能够支付欠银行的钱。
所以这里应该是筹集资金选项D正确11）先行词是investors,表人用who来引导从句12）by mistake错误的； to date迄今为止；on earth究竟,到底； right away立刻,马上根据原文：购买公司股票的投资者可以通过两种方式赚钱他们可能会马上开始赚钱选项D符合原文13）根据上文,假设一个人投资了一家公司,这家公司赚了钱,公司应该会与这位投资者分享这笔钱,选项C正确14）tuition学费； postage邮费；tip小费；dividend红利,股息显然选项D更符合原文句意：这些被分享的钱叫做红利15）own拥有,持有,这里根据投资者指持有的股票进行分红16）根据上文“Investors who buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways.”购买公司股票的投资者可以通过两种方式赚钱,前面介绍了一种赚钱方式,这里应该是第二种赚钱的方式选项D符合原文17）根据原文：投资者可能赚钱的第二种方式是以高于买入时的价格卖出股票选项D符合原文18）根据原文：如果公司业绩好,每股股票的价格就会上涨选项A符合原文。
19）根据上下文均出现了go up可知,此处也应为go up,选项C符合原文,指价格上涨20）make a profit为固定搭配,指获利,盈利句意：当价格上涨时,人们可能会卖掉它并从中获利16. 单选题That scientist is not too happy with the project, and（）are her supervisors.问题1选项A.eitherB.neitherC.soD.as【答案】B【解析】句意：那位科学家对这个项目不太满意，她的主管也不太满意两者都不用neither17. 单选题Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents（）at the time.问题1选项A.had been illB.were illC.would have been illD.should have been ill【答案】B【解析】语法题句子是对过去的虚拟, 但“父母病了”是客观事实, 故不需要用虚拟形式had been, 直接用过去式即可, 选项B正确。
18. 单选题I don’t think it is（）to reconstruct the destroyed forest ecosystem in a few years.问题1选项A.plausibleB.notableC.considerableD.feasible【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题plausible可信的；notable显著的；considerable值得考虑的；feasible可行的句意：我认为在几年内重建受破坏的森林生态系统是不可行的选项D符合句意19. 翻译题Culture hides much more than it reveals, and strangely enough what it hides, it hides most effectively from its own participants. Years of study have convinced me that the real job is not to under。