Module 4 Music Born in America一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√sophisticated adj. rhythm n.emerge v. boom v.friction n. virtue n.consensus n. budget v.consultant n. pace n.tight adj. schedule n.deadline n. super adj.yell v. pension n.pioneer n. migrant n.Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．movement n. 运动2．approach n. 方法；步骤 v．走近，靠近3．decline n. 衰退；下降；减少 v．衰退；下降4．arise v. (由……)引起(产生)5．vain adj. 自负的，自视过高的6．parttime adj. 部分时间的，兼职的7．quit v. 离开，辞去8．protest n. 抗议Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．technique n．技巧；手法→technical adj.技术的2．touch v．触动；感动；使动心→touched adj.感激的；受感动的→touching adj.令人感动的3．harmony n．融洽，一致→harmonious adj.和谐的；融洽的4．convention n．惯例→conventional adj.按惯例的；因袭的；传统的5．devote v．为……付出时间/努力/金钱等→devotion n．热爱→devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的6．beg v．请求，恳求→beggar n．乞丐7．humor n．幽默→humorous adj.幽默的1.ous结尾形容词一览①humorous 诙谐的，幽默的②curious 好奇的③ambitious 野心勃勃的④generous 慷慨的，大方的2.“方法，步骤”名词大集合①approach 方法；步骤②method 方法，办法③means 方法，手段④process 步骤，程序3.“减少；下降”真不少①decline v． 衰退②drop v. 下降③decrease v. 减少④fall v. 下降⑤go down 下降(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．side__by__side 并排；并肩2．be__bored__with 厌烦3．take__advantage__of 利用4．rather__than 而不是5．in__order 有序地6．try__out 尝试7．be__blessed__with 有幸8．come__out 出版9．far__from 完全不10．be__devoted__to 对……专一，专注11．beg__for 乞求，请求12．make__an__impression__on__sb. 给某人留下印象1.“take＋n.＋prep.”短语大荟萃①take advantage of 利用②take care of 照顾③take charge of 掌管④take possession of 拥有⑤take the place of 代替⑥take an interest in 产生兴趣 2.“v.＋out”短语万花筒①try out 尝试②run out 用完③work out 算出；解决；锻炼④figure out 算出；理解⑤leave out 省略；遗漏；不考虑⑥pick out 挑选；区别出e短语集锦①come out 出版；结果是②come across 偶遇；被理解③come about 发生④come to 苏醒；总计；达到⑤come up 走进；发芽；被提出⑥come up with 提出，想出(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：the moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”“The__moment__I__heard__it，” he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.” 他说，“我一听到它，就知道这是一种全新的音乐。
句型2：It doesn’t matter(to sb.)＋从句……没有关系/不重要My message is that it__doesn’t__matter__if you’re black, white, fat, thin, old and young... 我想告诉大家的是，不管你是黑人还是白人，肥胖还是瘦小，年长还是年幼，这些都不重要……二、语境强化训练Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词1．Knowing basic firstaid techniques(技巧) will help you respond quickly to emergencies.2．To forgive is a virtue(美德), but no one has ever said it is easy.3．The man quarreled with his boss about the pay and quitted(放弃) the job.4．We had intended to do everything according to the schedule(日程表), but it didn’t go on as planned.5．Time is running out. It’s likely that we’ll miss the deadline(最后期限)．B．根据所给单词写出适当形式6．We will be exploring different approaches(approach) to gathering information.7．At break, Mr. Connor got down to dealing with the matters arising(arise) from his class.8．She declined(decline) to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn’t feeling well.9．Devoting(devote) all his time to his business, he had little time taking care of his family.10．Look! The family are living in perfect harmony. The neighbors all admire the harmonious atmosphere.(harmony)Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1．a.(2019·天津卷)If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention.走近；靠近b．(陕西卷)The staff soon found the new manager easy to approach.与……打交道c．(北京卷)With great enthusiasm, he talked about how he finds issues and approaches them.处理2．(2019·北京卷)The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline.下降Ⅲ.选词成篇rather than; get/be bored with; try out; come out; make a(n)．..impression on sb.; side by sideI sat near the window 1.side__by__side with my friend, reading a book. The book which 2.came__out last month has 3.made__a deep impression__on me. The author 4.tried__out an amazing writing style 5.rather__than those traditional ones to share his views. Personally, I would never 6.get/be__bored__with the book.take advantage of; in order; far from; beg for; be devoted to; be blessed withTo be honest, I 7.am__blessed__with a roommate who is always keeping everything 8.in__order. Besides, he 9.is not only devoted__to his study but also he 10.takes__advantage__of every minute to help others in need. His home is 11.far__from the school and his family is not rich, but he has never 12.begged__for others’ help.Ⅳ.完成句子1．我一听到这个音乐，就立刻兴奋起来。
The__moment__I__heard__the__music,__I got excited immediately.2．你失败多少次都不要紧；要紧的是你有多少次站起来并再次尝试It__doesn’t__matter__how__many__times__you__fail;__what matters is how many times you stand up and try again. decline vi.下降；衰落；婉拒 n．下降；减少；衰退[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2019·江苏卷)More efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline, and many other species appear headed toward extinction.②(山东卷)In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to__visit(visit) Oxford.③a.(2019·浙江卷6月)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests.b．The number of the students in our school has declined to 2，500 since three years ago.(1)be in decline 处于下降、衰退中on the decline 在下坡路上；在衰退(减少)(2)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事decline by/to 下降了/到……[佳句背诵] I have no alternative but to decline your invitation, because I am occupied in preparing for my final exam. 我只得谢绝你的邀请，因为我忙于准备期末考试。
[名师点津] 表示增加或减少的幅度通常用介词by; 表示“增加到”或“减少到”则要用介词to harmony n．协调；融洽；一致[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(福建卷)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.②Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building a harmonious(harmony) society.[能力提升]——完成句子③你昨天的所作所为与我们的计划不一致harmony n．) What you did yesterday was out__of__harmony__with our plan.(1)in harmony with sb./sth. 与某人/某事协调；与某人/某事相配out of harmony with sb./sth. 与某人/某事不协调live/work in harmony 生活/工作得很融洽(2)harmonious adj. 和谐的；协调的；和睦的 [佳句背诵] A successful apology can turn hate into harmony. 一个成功的道歉能化干戈为玉帛。
江苏卷) devote v．为……付出时间/努力/金钱等[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2019·浙江卷6月)I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and English writing.②a.(湖南卷)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted(devote) to your work.b．We expressed our gratitude to the people devoted(devote) to protecting the ecology in the area.c．(2017·天津卷)He is a devoted(devote) father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.③A teacher’s devotion(devote) to education deserves great respect of the whole public because it brings benefits to the development of society.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级④(普通表达)Jane devotes__herself__to__teaching(致力于教育) the deaf children and she has little time to care for her own daughter.⑤(高级表达)Devoting__herself__to__teaching__the__deaf__children,__Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)⑥(高级表达)Devoted__to__teaching__the__deaf__children,__Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语)(1)devote...to (doing) sth. 把……献给；把……致力于devote oneself to 致力于；献身于；专心于(2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的be devoted to (doing) sth. 献身于(做)某事；专心致志于(做)某事(3)devotion n. 深爱；奉献[佳句背诵] I could only devote two hours a day to the work.我一天只能在这个工作上花两个小时。
[名师点津] 表示“专注于， 致力于”的表达还有： be absorbed in, be lost in, be buried in, be occupied in, focus on, concentrate on等[词块助记]devote one’s energies to a job致力于一项工作devote all one’s life to medical work for Chinese women and children为中国的妇女儿童医疗事业贡献毕生精力 rather than 而不是[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing(focus) on Chinese traditions.②Rather than discuss all of these questions at length, we prefer to__focus(focus) on the impact of the heavy snow.③Mary, rather than you, is(be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.[能力提升]——完成句子④我在星期五晚上很晚见到了他，更确切地说是在星期六早晨早些时候。
I met him very late on Friday night, or__rather,__early Saturday morning. ⑤除你本人之外还有别人知道这件事吗？Does anybody other__than__yourself know this？（1）宁愿做某事而不愿做某事（2）or rather 更确切地说other than 除……之外more than 很，非常；超过，不仅仅[名师点津] (1)rather than用于连接两个并列成分，后接名词、代词、介词(短语)、形容词、副词、v.ing形式或不定式(rather than之后的并列不定式可省略to)；(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与它前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致 far from 远不，完全不[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Far from helping(help) the situation, you have just made it even worse.②Britain is by far the__largest(large) importer of tea in the world.[能力提升]——完成句子③这个表演绝不是一件失败的事情，而是一个很大的成功。
The show was far__from__a__failure;__it was a great success.(1)far from n．/(being＋)adj. 根本不； 远非far from doing sth. 绝不会做某事(2)so far 到目前为止as far as 远到，直到by far (修饰比较级、最高级) ……得多，最…… [佳句背诵] Your results are far from satisfactory.It’s time for you to double your effort. 你的成绩令人非常不满意，是你加倍努力的时候了It doesn’t matter (to sb.)＋从句……没有关系/不重要(教材原句)My message is that it doesn’t matter if you’re black, white, fat, thin, old and young—we’re all the same，it’s a great world and you can do something with your life.我想告诉大家的是：不管你是黑人还是白人，肥胖还是瘦小，年长还是年幼，这些都不重要——我们都是一样的，这是一个美妙的世界，你可以在有生之年做些事情。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(湖南卷)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time.②(朗文辞典)The car had broken down, and to make matters worse(bad), it was beginning to rain.[能力提升]——完成句子③你是否参加她的生日晚会非常重要It__matters__a__lot/a__great__deal__whether you will take part in her birthday party or not.(1)It doesn’t matter (to sb.)＋从句， 表示“……(对某人来说)没有关系/不重要”；It matters a lot/a great deal/much＋从句，表示“……非常重要”2)as a matter of fact 实际上；事实上to make matters worse 使情况更糟的是 [佳句背诵] As a matter of fact, it doesn’t matter that we make mistakes. What matters is that we draw a lesson from them.实际上，我们犯错不要紧，重要的是我们要从中吸取教训。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1．My advice is that you should quit drinking(drink) coffee, for it may affect your sleeping.2．Misunderstanding arising(arise) from lack of social communication, unless handled properly, may lead to serious problems.3．The problem is far from being__settled(settle), so it will be discussed again.4．The traditional approach to dealing(deal) with complex problems in our studies is to break them down into smaller，more easily managed problems.5．The police believed that the man driving the car rather than the boys was(be) to blame for the accident that happened yesterday.维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词1．(山东卷)It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.2．On entering the room, I found that the children were sitting side by side on the sofa watching television.3．Concept cars are a way for designers to try out their ideas on the public with complete freedom.4．What makes the parents happy is that the kid has already got his toys in order.5．In the north of China, the monthly roses usually come out once a month.维度三 派生词练习1．People’s life here is full of harmony and at the same time, humans and nature make a harmonious picture.(harmony)2．The old scientist is devoted to studying space, and the spirit of devotion deserves learning from. He said he would go on devoting himself to the science field.(devote)3．He has a good sense of humor and always acts in a humorous way.(humor)4．The touching scene in this film touched my heart deeply and I was touched to tears at last.(touch)5．The beggar who was also a blind man begged for money from passersby.(beg) 维度四 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译1．父母应该积极督促孩子充分利用加入运动队的机会。
advantage)Parents should actively urge their children to take__full__advantage__of__the__opportunity__to__join sports teams.2．我们看不看那部电影对我来说无所谓——反正我已经看过了matter)It__doesn’t__matter__to__me__if we don’t see the film—I’ve seen it already anyway.3．The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children and she has little time to care for her own daughter.→Devoting__herself__to__teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)→Devoted__to__teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语) 4．我宁愿步行去那里也不愿意坐公交车去。
①I would__go__there on foot rather__than take a bus.②I prefer__to__go__there on foot rather__than take a bus.③I would__rather__go__there on foot than take a bus.提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)My parents take advantage of all the 1.chances(chance) to develop my ability to adapt to the new life. They think 2.what matters most is my success in the future. All their free time 3.is__devoted(devote) to educating me. In the past I 4.protested(protest) against their being strict with me but later I understood them. In fact, far from 5.forcing(force) me to study, they encourage me to live 6.independently(independent) and ask me to live 7.in harmony with people. Whenever a problem 8.arises(arise) in my life, they will encourage me to find 9.a proper approach to solving it rather than do it for me. I am 10.touched(touch) and thankful to their devotion to my growth.提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)假设你是李华，在学校音乐节来临之际，请你写一篇短文向校报英文版投稿，介绍你所熟悉的一名嘻哈音乐家。
写作要点如下：①音乐家的风格和他努力的过程；②他的音乐给听众的感受1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)①作为嘻哈音乐的创始人，这位音乐家大半生都致力于音乐创作As the pioneer of hip hop, this musician has devoted__most__of__his__life__to__music__creation．②他幽默的演唱风格令人耳目一新，给人们留下了深刻的印象His humorous singing style was so__refreshing__that__it__made__a__deep__impression__on people.③这种音乐刚开始出现时没有打动观众，结果远不能令人满意When it emerged first, this kind of music didn’t touch the audience and it was far__from__satisfactory/satisfying．④他利用不同的表演方法，进行了不断地尝试，使得这种音乐开始逐渐繁荣He took__advantage__of__different__performing__approaches and tried__it__out continuously, which made the music begin to boom gradually.⑤你一听他的音乐，就不会再对你的生活感到厌烦。
The__moment__you__listen__to__his__music,__you will never get__bored__with__your__life．2．升级平淡句⑥用倒装句升级句② So__refreshing__was__his__humorous__singing__style__that__it__made__a__deep__impression__on__people.3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇： however，then)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________One possible version：As the pioneer of hip hop, this musician has devoted most of his life to music creation. So refreshing was his humorous singing style that it made a deep impression on people. However, when it emerged first, this kind of music didn’t touch the audience and it was far from satisfactory/satisfying. Then he took advantage of different performing approaches and tried it out continuously, which made the music begin to boom gradually. The moment you listen to his music, you will never get bored with your life. (建议用时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·昆明摸底调研)A study of 500，000 songs released(发行) in the UK between 1985 and 2015 showed that pop music had decreased in happiness and increased in sadness.In a report published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, researchers at the University of California examined hundreds of thousands of songs and classified them by their mood. “‘Happiness’ is going down, ‘sadness’ is going up, and at the same time, the songs are becoming more ‘danceable’ and more ‘partylike’，” coauthor Natalia L．Komarova told The Associated Press.The study found songs in 2014 like Stay with Me by Sam Smith, Whispers by Passenger and Unmissable by Gorgon City have a “low happiness” trend. However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen, Would I Lie to You? by Eurythmics and Freedom by Wham! had a “high happiness” trend. “The public seems to prefer happier songs, even though more and more unhappy songs are being released each year，” the researchers wrote.Apart from the emotional trends, researchers discovered that dances and pop were the most successful styles of music and that there was a “clear downward” trend, with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s. “So it looks like, while the overall mood is becoming less happy, people seem to want to forget it all and dance，” Komarova wrote in an email.It was also found that the “maleness” of songs—the frequency of male singers in popular music—had decreased during the last 30 years. “Successful songs are characterised by a larger percentage of female artists compared to all songs，” they wrote.This discovery appears at a time when the conversation around sex equality in the music industry is at its height, with more male artists and songwriters.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了流行音乐表达的情绪的变化趋势。
1．The researchers examined lots of songs to ________．A．find songs for dances and partiesB．choose songs for a journalC．release more songsD．know better about songsD 解析：推理判断题本文第二段介绍了加州大学的研究者们调查了成千上万的歌曲并把它们按情绪分类，紧接着得出歌曲分类的结果，可见他们调查歌曲的目的是想对歌曲有更多的了解，故选DA、C两项曲解文意；B项无中生有2．Whose music style tends to bring you more happiness?A．Natalia L．Komarova’s.B．Sam Smith’s.C．Gorgon City’s.D．Bruce Springsteen’s.D 解析：细节理解题根据第三段中的“However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen...had a ‘high happiness’ trend.”可知D项正确。
Natalia L．Komarova为报道的合著者，而非歌手；Sam Smith、Gorgon City所演唱的歌曲有让人开心感降低的趋势，故排除3．What do we know about songs over the past three decades?A．Rock became popular in the early 2000s.B．Fewer unhappy songs came to light every year.C．Male singers were better at performing pop music.D．Female artists were less skilled in writing songs.A 解析：细节理解题根据第四段中的“with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s”可知，摇滚乐在21世纪初开始流行，故A项正确其余三个选项的内容均与文意不符4．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Pop Music Is Getting SadderB．Music Calls for Sex EqualityC．Pop Music Has a Long HistoryD．Music Industry Is Going DownA 解析：标题归纳题。
根据本文首段总述及后续段落的描述可知，全文重点介绍了流行音乐正变得越来越伤感，故选A项B项仅是本文中提到的一个细节；C项不是本文的重点；D项扩大外延，属过度概括，故排除B(2020·成都高三摸底)As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energyconsuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假设) suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生态)．Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出现的情况) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see today—if there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life. Bigger isn’t necessa。