2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 填空题"Opinion" is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste（1）, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn't（2）too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance （3） it. "I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours," and "Everyone's entitled to his opinion," are （4）expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another's opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It （5）on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a （6）"What do you think of the new Ford cars?" And he may reply, "In my （7）, they're ugly." In this case, it would not only be （8）to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it's obvious that by opinion lie means his personal （9）, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, 'It's pointless to argue about matters of taste."But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper （10） that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their mere （11） and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere （12）these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may（13）elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without （14）the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only （15）, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.【答案】1.belief2.attach3.tomon5.depends6.friend7.opinion8.intolerant9.preference10.reports11.likes12.between13.contain14.examining15.permitted【解析】1.文章倒数第二段最后一句提到 “It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at... 这是一种随意达成的观点或信念”中“belief”及该句前后出现的judgment正好与之形成对应，故此处选belief。
2.“attach importance to sth. 着重于…重视”为固定搭配，同时由下文“…most do attach great importance…”可知此处选attach3.“attach importance to sth. 着重于…重视”为固定搭配，故此处选tomon “常见的;通常的”前文提到“大多数人都很重视观点”， "I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours我与你都有'同样的权利去坚持各自的观点” "Everyone's entitled to his opinion每个人都有资格坚持自己的观点"可知此处表示“常见表达方式”，故此处选common5.“ depend on sth.依赖于，取决于”，固定搭配，根据前后文句意：这个标签是正确的吗？质疑别人的观点是心胸狭隘的吗？这取决于你对“观点”的定义，由此可知，此处应选depends6.根据上下文句意：比如，你可能会问一个…“你觉得新款福特车型怎么样”，他可能回答“在我看来有点丑”，可知此处选friend7.“in one’s opinion在某人看来”为 固定短语，故此处选opinion。
8.前文提到“Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion?挑战他人的观点是心胸狭隘的吗？” 紧接着作者举例，正好与“intolerant”对应，故选intolerant9.下文“a matter of taste一个喜好”是对空格处的补充说明，此处句意为：因为很明显，从意见上来说，谎言意味着他的个人偏好，也就是个人品味，可知选项preference “偏爱，喜好”最符合题意，故此处选preference10.前文提到 “a newspaper”及下文新闻中的具体内容可知，此处选择reports “报 道”最符合题意，故此处选reports11.下文提到“and dislikes 和厌恶”，由and可知此处应选择与“dislike”相对应的词，此处句意为：显然，大法官们并没有分享他们的个人偏好、他们的喜欢和不喜欢，故此处选likes12.根据上下文“fall somewhere 落在某地”“these two extremes这两个极端”可知这里指“在……之间”，故此处选between13.根据上下文句意：它不是喜好的表达，也不是谨慎的判断。
然而，它可能同时包含这两个要素，可知此处选“contain包含，容纳”最符合题意，故选contain14.上下文句意：这是一种观点或信念，无论是否有审查证据；介词without后接名词或动名词，可知此处选examining “检查；审查”最符合题意，故此处选examining15.上下文句意为：每个人都有资格坚持自己的意见吗？当然，这不仅是允许的，而且是有保证的；结合短语 “not only...but also...不仅……而且”的用法，可知此处应选择与 “guaranteed被保证”意义相应的词，故此处选permitted “被允许”2. 单选题A Professor stood before his philosophy class and had some items in front of him. When the class began, wordlessly, he picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise jar and proceeded to fill it with golf balls. He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was.So the Professor then picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. He then asked the students again if the jar was full. They agreed it was.The Professor next picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of course, the sand filled up everything else. He asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous "Yes".The Professor then produced two cans of beer from under the table and poured the entire contents into the jar, effectively filling the empty space between the sand. The students laughed.“Now,” said the Professor, as the laughter subsided, “I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life.”The golf balls are the important things—your family, your children, your health, your friends, your favorite passions ― things that if everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full.The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car. The sand is everything else—the small stuff."“If you put the sand into the jar first”, he continued, "there is no room for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same goes for life. If you spend all your time and energy on the small stuff, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that are critical to your happiness. Play with your children. Take time to get medical checkups. Take your partner out to dinner. Play another 18. There will always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal. Take care of the golf balls first, the things that really matter. Set your priorities. The rest is just sand."When he had finished, there was a profound silence. Then one of the students raised her hand and with a puzzled expression, inquired what was the beer represented.The Professor smiled. "I’m glad you asked. It just goes to show you that no matter how full your life may seem, there's always room for a couple of beers."Lesson: When things in your life seem almost too much to handle, when 24 hours in a day are not enough, remember the mayonnaise jar...and the beer.1.The professor illustrated his point by（ ） .2.When the professor poured the beer into the jar, the students most probably would not（ ） .3.The author tends to compare house cleaning to （ ）.4.The professor employed the beer to signify（ ） .5.By writing the story, the author intends to be（ ） .问题1选项A.analogyB.exemplifyingC.punningD.personification问题2选项A.find it unexpectedB.be amazed by himC.appreciate his wisdomD.understand his intension问题3选项A.the golf ballsB.the pebblesC.the sandD.the beer问题4选项A.tricks to make life more beautifulB.relaxation no matter how full life isC.things that are unnecessary for lifeD.that we can always find leisure time问题5选项A.philosophicalB.enlighteningC.encouragingD.informative【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。
A项“类比”；B项“举例；例示”；C项“双关”；D项“拟人法”短文第六段 “The golf balls are the important things—your family, your children, your health, your friends…”高尔夫球好比我们生活中重要的东西——家庭、孩子、健康、朋友…”以及第七段“The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car…”鹅卵石好比其他重要的东西——工作、房子、车子…作者运用一系列类比，故选A2.判断推理题A项“觉得意外”；B项“感到吃惊”；C项“欣赏他的智慧”；D项“理解他的意图”注意题干要求“当教授将啤酒倾倒进蛋黄酱罐子，学生们最不可能会…”短文第五段中教授说“我想你们认识到这个蛋黄酱罐代表你们的生活”可推知“学生们不可能明白教授将啤酒倾倒进蛋黄酱罐子的意图”；从学生们对于教授几次将不同东西填充到罐子中的反应可以推断出学生们“意外、吃惊、欣赏教授的智慧”，故选D项3.事实细节题A项“高尔夫球”指“生活中重要的东西——家庭、孩子、健康、朋友及喜好”；B项“鹅卵石”指代“工作、房子和汽车”；C项“沙子”指“生活中其他一切琐事”；D项“啤酒”指代“生活中的休闲”。
短文第八段第一句“如果你先用沙子将蛋黄酱罐子装满，那么里面就没有放鹅卵石和高尔夫球的空间”以及第八段中“There will always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal.打扫房间和处理废物的时间总是有的”等细节可知作者将打扫房间比作沙子，故选C4.判断推理题A.项“让生活变得更美好的小窍门”；B项“不管生活多满也要放松”；C项“生活中不必要的事情”；D项“我们总能找到闲暇的时间”短文倒数第二段“...no matter how full your life may seem, there's always room for a couple of beers.不管你的生活看起来多满（即忙碌）；总会有喝杯啤酒的时间”可推断出“教授用啤酒暗示我们总能找到闲暇的时间”， 故选D5.判断推理题A项“哲学的”；B项“使人启发的”；C项“鼓励的”；D项“提供有用信息的;使人增进知识的”由最后一段“教训：当生活中的事情多到似乎无法掌控时，当一天24小时都不够用时，请记住蛋黄酱罐子…和啤酒”可推断出作者写这个故事是为了启发人们，让人们懂得把最重要的事情放在首位，而小事情总能找到时间来做，故选B。
3. 单选题I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said “beautiful”. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last otter I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as thought it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat, I wanted to cry. I didn't, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the cradle light to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.1.The author of the story has been in sleep for the last few weeks.2.A woman in the marketplace comes into my mind because she reminded me of my childhood.3.The woman was selling skirts with designs of squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk.4.The author could speak some Laotian though she did not speak it well.5.Bargaining is a custom in Asia and the author did not know how to do it.6.The author had wanted to buy one skirt, but she ended up with three because the skirts were so cheap and pretty.7.The author felt happy after the purchase because she had paid for the skirts at the price set so that the woman could make some money through this large purchase.8.The author surely comes from another part of Asia because she knows how to behave well in local culture.9.The woman in the market actually understood the author perfectly and knew very well that she liked those ribbons.10.The author cried eventually when she looked at the skirts because she was deeply moved by the woman's generous spirit.问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:A【解析】1.根据题干定位到文章第一段中的 I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes.译为：在过去的几个星期，我一直都害怕入睡。
终于我实在是因为太累而入睡了，但是却也只是眯了几分钟可知此题应选择F2.根据题干定位到文章第三段 “In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood...”译为：在她的头发中有三个丝带，分别是蓝色、绿色和 白色这让我想起了童年的美好时光因此题干表述错误，是姑娘头上的丝带让作者想到了童年的美好时光，而不是姑娘本身，选F3.由题干可定位到文章第五段 “I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk.” 译为：我重新把目光投向裙子，这些裙子上面粉红色和绿色丝带呈现出方形、三角形和圆形题干表述正确，故选T4.由题干可定位到文章第四段中 “I don’t speak Laotian very well”中文翻译为：我的老挝语说得不好以及第六段中 “She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers...” 中文翻译为：对于我能说一些他们国家的语言她感到非常开心，虽然我说的只是一些数字。
可推断出作者能够说一些老挝语，虽然说得不怎么好，故选T5.根据题干定位到文章中第五段 “I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia.”，中文翻译为“我决定将其中的一条裙子实回 去，并且开始和她讨价还价在亚洲国家，讨价还价是一种习俗”因此可知题干的前半部分表述正确，后半部分错误6.根据题干定位到文章中第六段 “The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase.”，中文翻译为：这个价格实在是太低了。
她太慷慨了，几乎赚不到什么钱担心她因为我买得多而再次降低价格，我迅速地再挑了两条裙子，付钱，然后离开可以推测出作者是因为觉得价格太低了想要补偿，于是多买了两条题干表述错误，故选F7.根据题干定位到文章中第六段 “…for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.”中文翻译为：这是数月以来我第一次感到精神放松，几乎感到有些高兴再联系上一题的分析可以得知题干表述正确，选T8.题干的中文翻译为：作者肯定来自亚洲的另一个地方，因为她知道在当地文化中如何举止得体而文章内容并没有提及到该方面，故选F9.题干的中文翻译为：市场上的女人其实完全理解作者，而且知道得很清楚作者喜欢那些丝带根据文章内容可知这是正确的，故选T10.题干的中文翻译为：当作者最终看到裙子时哭了，因为她被这个女人的慷慨精神深深感动从文章中最后一段中 “There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry...”中文翻译为：对于她这种慷慨精神毫无防御，这次我哭了……可知作者最终是因为被这位老挝姑娘的慷慨精神深深感动，故选T。
4. 写作题Suppose you will take part in a class debate next week, and you are given the debate question "What should be in people's diet, to have what one just wants or to just eat healthy food?"Write a speech for the debate and clarify your own viewpoint towards whatever your position will be (just one position). But be sure that your argument will be supported with ample examples or evidence. Do remember to provide a title for your speech.The length of your speech is expected to be between 250 and 300 words. Write your speech on the ANSWER SHEET. 【答案】略5. 单选题While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process, says a report released today by the National Education Commission on Time and Learning.The commission's report, titled "Prisoners of Time," calls the fixed clock and calendar in American education a "fundamental design flaw” in desperate need of change. "Time should serve children instead of children serving time," the report says.The two-year commission found that holding American students to "world-class standards" will require more time for classroom instruction. "We have been asking the impassible of our students---that they learn as much as their foreign peers while spending half as much as in core academic subjects," it states.The Commission compared the relationships between time and learning in Japan, Germany, and the United States and found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. On average, American students can earn a high school diploma if they spend only 41 percent of their school time on academics, says the report.American students spend an average of three hours a day on “core” academics such as English, math, science, and history, the commission found. Their report recommends offering a minimum of 5.5 hours of academics every school day.The nine-member commission also recommends lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours."If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services, they should keep school doors open longer each day and each year," says John Hodge Jones, superintendent of schools in Murfreesboro, Tenn., and chairman of the commission.The typical school year in American public schools is 180 days. Eleven states allow school years of 175 days or less, and only one state requires more than 180 days."For over a decade, education reform advocates have been working feverishly to improve our schools," says Milton Goldberg, executive director of the commission. “But…if reform is to truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be relegated to museums—an exhibit from our education past"1.Compared with the academic courses more than a hundred years ago, the academic courses now（ ）.2.The researches by the commission mentioned in the passage are most concerned about（ ）.3.As is mentioned in the passage, schools in the United States do the following EXCEPT（ ）.4.American students differ from those in Japan, Germany in that（ ）.5.Executive director of the commission Milton Goldberg would most probably agree that（ ）.问题1选项A.include some extra-curricular activitiesB.focus more on education of social supportC.demand students' more contribution of timeD.remain more or less what they used to be问题2选项A.the time attributed to academic learningB.the components of school educationC.the changes in education in the recent centuryD.the fashion of education management问题3选项A.providing important outside-academic activitiesB.serving social units such as family and communityC.arranging six-hour teaching and learning every dayD.having competition with schools of other countries问题4选项A.they stay at school for a shorter time every dayB.they do not learn as much as their counterparts abroadC.they devote less time to academic learningD.they earn a high school diploma more easily问题5选项A.what the education reform advocates have done is not good enoughB.the time of school day and school year should be extended.C.visiting museums can improve students' academic learning ability.D.social support and extra-curricular activities should be cancelled.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。
第一段中的“While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.虽然公立学校的任务已经拓展到教育以外的社会支持和课外活动，但在一个多世纪里学术时间安排却变化很小 可推断D“仍然跟过去差不多”正确；故C“要求学生贡献更多时间”不正确 A “extra-curricular activities课外活动”属于学校任务，不属于学术课程；B “更注重社会支持的教育”文中没有提及2.事实细节题 第二段中“ Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process，…在学校改革的过程中，恢复以学术为导向的学校教学日和跳出有时限的传统教育是学校改革进程至关重要的步骤” 可推断A“用到学术学习上的时间”正确；故C“最近这个世纪的教育变化”不正确。
B“学校教育的构成”及D“教学管理的方式”在文中没有提及3.事实细节题由倒数第三段中“If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services..... 如果学校想继续提供学术核心以外的重要活动，以及充当家庭和社区服务的中心…”。