Prize ‘outside expectation’莫言：“意外”的诺贝尔奖？导读：10月11日，诺贝尔文学奖(Nobel Prize in Literature)揭晓，莫言成为首位获得该奖的中国作家，而人们对其作品的评价如何呢？Mo Yan has become the first Chinese national to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.莫言成为首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国籍作家Through a mixture of fantasy and reality, historical and social perspectives, Mo Yan created a world reminiscent in its complexity of those in the writing of (American writer) William Faulkner and (Columbian writer) Gabriel García Márquez, at the same time finding a departure point in old Chinese literature and in oral literature,” said the award statement released on Oct 11.10月11日发布的诺贝尔颁奖公示中写道：“将魔幻现实主义与民间故事、历史与现代社会融合在一起，她创作的世界令人联想起福克纳（美国作家）和马尔克斯（哥伦比亚作家）作品的融合，同步又在中国老式文学和口头文学中寻找到一种出发点。
I grew up in an environment immersed with folk culture, which inevitably comes in to my novels when I pick up a pen to write. This has definitely affected, even decided, my works’ artistic style,” Mo told a group of reporters in his hometown of Gaomi, Shandong, shortly after he won the award.获奖后不久，莫言在家乡山东高密接受记者采访时表达：“民间艺术、民间文化随着着我成长，我从小耳濡目染这些文化元素，当我拿起笔来进行文学创作的时候，这些民间文化元素就不可避免地进入了我的故事，也影响甚至决定了我的作品的艺术风格Although China boasts a tradition of literature and scholarship, few writers have won international acclaim. For this reason, the Nobel Prize in Literature has always been an aspiration for Chinese writers.虽然中国有着引觉得傲的文学和学术老式，但很少有本土作家获得过国际赞誉。
因此，摘得诺贝尔文学奖成为中国作家的夙愿I really didn’t see this coming,” Lu Jiande, director of the Institute of Literature at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told 21st Century. “I know Mo Yan pretty well and one thing a lot of people don’t know is how good he is with words.”中国社会科学院文学所所长陆建德在接受《21世纪英文报》记者采访时表达：“我真的没有想到我很理解莫言，而诸多人都不清晰她驾驭文字的功力究竟有多棒His calligraphy is surprisingly beautiful. In his writing, he can make words live and breathe,” Lu said. “He is far ahead of other Chinese in the sense that he takes the critical perspective inside first, starting from criticizing himself instead of the outside world.”陆建德说：“她的文笔出奇地优美。
在她笔下，她可以让文字鲜活起来，仿佛具有生命她自身一方面具有一种批判的视角，在批评外部世界之前，她先自我批判一番从这一点上来讲，她远远领先于其她国人Mo created a cast of colorful characters and said that if there was a prototype, it would be the abandoned “black boy” who first appeared in the 1985 novel Red Transparent Radish, which bears imprints of the author’s childhood.莫言创作出了一众鲜活的人物形象她说，如果非要在她的故事中找一种原型，那一定是被抛弃的“黑孩”这个人物初次浮现是在莫言1985年创作的故事《透明的红萝卜》中，她身上有着作者小时候的影子Mo dropped out of school and became a cattle herder as a child. At 20, he left his hometown and joined the army.莫言从小辍学，自幼便在家乡放牧。
20岁时，她离家参军Gaomi county is where most of Mo’s stories happen. It’s a place that has inspired him throughout his 31-year writing career.莫言故事中的故事多发生在高密县在31年的写作生涯中，这个地方激发出她许多的创作灵感Many got to know of Mo through director Zhang Yimou’s film, Red Sorghum. It was adapted from his 1986 novel of the same name, bringing to life a visual landscape of red sorghum fields and a fiery setting sun. Set in Gaomi, the novel tells the story of a sedan carrier who saves the bride he is carrying from bandits and later marries her.许多人是通过张艺谋导演的电影《红高粱》才懂得莫言的。
这部电影改编自莫言1986年的同名故事，它再现了火红斜阳下一片红高粱地的景象故事背景设立在高密县，讲述了一种轿夫从土匪手中救出新娘，并与之喜结连理的故事Mo left the army in 1997 and gradually developed a writing style all of his own. History, family sagas, blood and violence are frequent elements in his most famous works, such as Big Breasts and Wide Hips or Sandalwood Penalty.莫言1997年退役，逐渐树立自己独特的写作风格历史、家族史诗、血腥和暴力是她诸多名作中的常用元素，有关主题作品有《丰乳肥臀》和《檀香刑》Some critics point out that Mo’s works have a tendency toward vulgarity.有些评论家指出，莫言的作品有粗俗化的倾向In an interview with South China Morning Post, Professor Xiao Ying of Tsinghua University said the award was “outside of my expectations, as Mo Yan’s works are still short on the idealism of pursuing humanity, which marks previous Nobel literature prize winners”.在接受《南华早报》采访时，清华大学专家肖颖（音译）说，这个奖项“出乎我的意料，由于莫言的作品仍然缺少追寻人性的抱负主义，而这正是衡量前几任诺贝尔文学奖得主的因素。
Mo Yan’s works are rather vulgar and dark and lack a sincere sympathy and respect for human beings and life,” Xiao said.肖颖还说：“莫言的作品过于粗俗、黑暗，缺少对人类以及生活的真诚共鸣与尊重Lu said Mo’s works had a richness and complexity beyond the publicity his books usually enjoyed. However, he also pointed out that “in general, Chinese literature tends to be overly admiring of sheer power, and unquestioningly approving of human desire and materiality.陆建德说，莫言的作品比大众所宣传的更加丰满且复杂然而，她也指出，总体看来，中国文学往往极度推崇绝对权力，对人类欲望以及物欲照单全收We haven’t been critical enough of the weakness, dark side and distortion of human nature,” he said.“我们对弱点、黑暗面以及人性扭曲的批判还不够。
她说道辞海拾贝fantasy幻想 reminiscent回忆往事的immerse沉浸 acclaim喝采，欢呼aspiration热望 calligraphy善于书写critical批评的 prototype原型imprint留下烙印 herder牧者，牧人sedan轿子 bandit强盗saga传奇 vulgarity粗俗distortion扭曲Thefts in college are worrisome校园盗窃几时休？导读：大学校园就像是一种小社会，盗窃现象的频发与否跟学生之间的贫富差距(wealth gap)有关？让我们来看一看教师和同窗们的观点吧Wang Jinjing, a freshman at a Nanchang-based college, thought he was prepared for everything on campus life, including doing the laundry and eating healthy. Everything except for one thing: theft.南昌某大学的大一新生王金晶（音译）本觉得自己已经为校园生活做足了准备，涉及洗衣服以及如何健康饮食。
万事俱备，却唯独忽视了一点：盗窃One day the 18-year-old was shocked to discover that his laptop, a mobile phone and some cash had been stolen overnight.一天，18岁的王金晶错愕地发现一夜之间自己的笔记本电脑，尚有某些钞票统统被盗The school said it was a fellow student who had stolen my things and that they had already admitted their mistake,” said Wang.王金晶说：“学校方面说偷东西的是名在校学生，她们已经承认了自己的失职A recent report entitled Green Book of Campus Crimes issued by a local procuratorate in Wuhan indicates that campus crime, especially theft, has been on the rise. Experts say that misconceptions of wealth might be to blame for the trend.近日，武汉本地的检察机关发布了一份名为“校园犯罪绿皮书”的报告。
报告中指出：校园犯罪事件，特别是盗窃，呈不断上升趋势专家指出错误的财富观也许是导致这一现象的罪魁祸首There are over 38 universities and colleges under the jurisdiction of Hongshan Procuratorate of Wuhan, including top institutions such as Wuhan University, Central China Normal University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology, covering approximately 800,000 students. During the past five years, 238 crimes involving 264 students have been filed, according to the Green Book.洪山区检察院的管辖范畴内共有超过38所大学，其中涉及武汉大学、华中师范大学和华中科技大学这样的名牌大学辖区内有近80万名学生绿皮书”中指出：在过去五年里，记录在案的犯罪事件共238起，涉案学生多达264人。
Over 75 percent of campus crimes are theft and the number of cases are on the rise,” said Li Chen, an official from Hongshan Procuratorate who asked to remain anonymous due to the nature of his job. “It is a very worrisome sign, both for campus safety and student ethics.”洪山区检察院的工作人员李晨（由于工作性质，这里采用化名）表达：“75%以上的校园犯罪事件都是盗窃，这一数字还在不断增长无论是对于校园安全还是对于学生道德品行而言，该现象都令人堪忧Local police investigated a case of organized theft on a Wuhan-based campus in June last year and found a student stealing laptops from classmates before passing them to others to sell, splitting the proceeds.去年6月，本地警方在武汉某高校破获了一起有组织的盗窃案件，作案人将从同窗那里偷来的笔记本电脑交与同伙销赃分赃。
According to Xiao Jianqun, a local police officer in Wuhan, the majority of students facing charges of theft regretted their actions and cited a sense of vanity and envy as the reason for their behavior.据本地警官肖建全（音译）称，大多数因盗窃而获罪的学生都对自己的行为追悔莫及她们说虚荣心和嫉妒心是她们犯罪的重要动机Liang Yan, from the student affairs office at the Southwestern University of Science and Technology, views the phenomenon as an extension of wider social issues.来自西南科技大学学生事务处的梁燕（音译）觉得该现象是更为广泛的社会问题在校园的延伸Campuses, like society, are witnessing an increasing gap of wealth among students,” said Liang. “You can see some students driving posh cars, while their roommates have a budget of only 300-yuan for the month.”梁燕说：“大学校园就像一种社会同样，学生间的贫富差距正在逐渐拉大。
你可以看到某些学生开着豪车，而她们的室友每月只有300元的生活费Officer Xiao suggests students be more cautious. “Nowadays, students have all kinds of gadgets and they are easy targets if they let their guard down thinking that nothing can happen on campus.”肖建全警官提示学生应多加防备：“如今，学生们的装备可谓五花八门而一旦她们觉得校园里风平浪静从而放松警惕的话，那么她们就很容易成为小偷下手的目的According to Hongshan Procuratorate, 17 universities and colleges in Wuhan are setting up associations for campus crime prevention in order to tackle the problem.据洪山区检察院称，在武汉，17所高校联合成立了避免校园犯罪协会，旨在杜绝此类问题Any campus crime, theft included, can have a great impact on students’ mindsets,” said Li Chen. “Minimizing campus crime is beneficial for students and the future of the country.”李晨说：“涉及盗窃在内的任何一种校园犯罪都会对学生的心态产生严重影响。
最大限度减少校园犯罪率对于学生和国家将来而言都十分有益Freshman Wang feels the atmosphere in the dormitories has changed since the thefts happened. Although no one talks about it, there is a tension among the students and everyone is locking up their valuables.自打盗窃事件发生后，新生王金晶就感觉寝室氛围发生了变化尽管人们都绝口不提，但是同窗间关系变得十分紧张人们都把贵重物品锁了起来I don’t like the feeling of distrust among fellow students,” said Wang.王金晶说：“我并不喜欢同窗之间的这种不信任感 辞海拾贝procuratorate检察机关 anonymous匿名的；无名的；没特色的vanity自负；虚荣心；无价值的东西；浮华 envy羡慕；(妒忌的)对象Why live is better实况音乐魅力何在？导读：诸多人喜欢实况音乐(live music)如今在中国正越来越风行。
去现场听音乐果真具有如此大的吸引力吗？让我们一起来看看观众和业内人士是怎么说的吧！Huang Jiaxi is a big fan of the latest music show The Voice of China. But she always wondered what it would be like to hear the live version of those hit songs.黄佳熙（音译）是音乐秀《中国好声音》的忠实粉丝但她始终想懂得，去现场听这些热门金曲会是如何一番感觉Recently, Huang visited a live music venue in Beijing and saw bands and singers perform right in front of her eyes. It was a whole new way of enjoying music.不久前，黄佳熙在北京参与了一场现场音乐会，亲眼目睹了乐队和歌手的表演这可谓是一种欣赏音乐的新全新方式Live music is addictive once you’ve experienced the atmosphere,” said the 21-year-old English major at University of Science and Technology Beijing.“一旦你感受到现场音乐的氛围，便会上瘾。
这位21岁的北京科技大学英语专业学生说道Fueled by music shows on TV and young people’s passion of forming bands, live music is booming in China’s major cities.随着电视歌唱比赛的层出不穷，年轻人组建乐队的热情日益高涨，受此影响，实况音乐这种方式正在全国各大都市风行According to American veteran music producer Kenny Bloom, who used to produce albums for Cui Jian, one of China’s biggest rock music stars, live music festivals are flourishing in China compared to the past.美国资深音乐制作人肯尼•布鲁姆（音译）说，与过去相比，实况音乐节正在中国盛行布鲁尼曾为中国摇滚巨星崔健制作过专辑Around 100 music festivals now take place in China every year,” Bloom told AFP in June. “Many are supported by local governments to boost local brands and the tourism industry.”今年六月，布鲁尼在接受法新社采访时表达：“目前，中国各地每年大概举办100场音乐节活动，诸多活动都得到政府的大力支持，以此推广本土品牌，发展旅游业。
For young people, it is the feeling of live music that appeals.对年轻人来说，正是欣赏实况音乐的那种感觉令她们着迷Zhen Xing, 22, goes to live performances almost every weekend. He said the singer’s voice and the musicians’ gestures on stage are an indulging experience.22岁的甄兴（音译）每周末都会去看现场表演她说，舞台上歌手的嗓音和乐者的动作都令自己沉浸其中，无法自拔It’s totally different from listening to music on your iPod,” said Zhen, a senior from Renmin University of China. “It’s just overwhelming.”“这和用iPod听音乐完全不同这简直令人无法抗拒就读于中国人民大学大四年级的甄兴说道Steve Guttenberg, a US-based movie projectionist, agrees. He said the biggest difference between recorded and live music is the sound quality.来自美国的电影放映师斯蒂文•古腾伯格也十分赞同这一观点。
她说，录制音乐与现场音乐的最大差别在于音质I’ve never heard anything close to that sound reproduced by even the very best high-end audio systems,” Guttenberg said, recalling a live concert.“虽然用一流的高品位音响系统，也无法复制出实况音乐的那种音质古腾伯格在回忆某场现场演唱会时表达US-based music critic Leslie Gerber thought that recorded music sets wrong standards for live performances, thereby damaging their expressive quality.美国音乐评论人莱斯利•戈伯（音译）觉得，录制音乐为现场表演树立了错误的原则，因此也会破坏其体现力Failure to take chances leads to the sterile, cautious music-making that critics frequently complain about,” said Gerber.“怯于冒险尝试只能打造出乏味且过于求稳的音乐，这正是常常被乐评人诟病的一点。
戈伯说道So there is a creative spontaneity to live music that cannot be replicated in recordings.因此，实况音乐具有一种自发发明性，录制音乐无法对其复制To Huang, it is a packed venue and interaction with musicians that bring the most fun.对于黄佳熙来说，去现场听音乐很热闹，人山人海，而与乐者的互动也是最有趣的地方We stand very close to performers, as if we are friends having a party,” she said.“我们与表演者零距离接触，就像是朋友约会同样Feargal Sharkey, chair of the UK government’s Live Music Forum, agrees. In an interview with The Guardian, Sharkey said: “Live music is the closest and best interaction that people can get with those records they’ve been listening to. It just brings that bond closer. No other mechanism allows for that to happen.”英国实况音乐论坛主席菲戈尔•夏基对此表达赞同。
在一次接受《卫报》采访时，她说：“现场音乐可以让人们在欣赏耳熟能详的歌曲的同步，享有这种最佳零距离互动方式它令人与音乐之间的联系更紧密没有一种其她途径可以实现这点辞海拾贝addictive上瘾的 flourishing繁华的appeal吸引 indulge沉浸overwhelming无法抵御的 projectionist电影放映员sterile贫瘠的 spontaneity自发性replicate复制Obama lacks edge in duel解读美国大选上的唇枪舌剑导读：在刚刚过去的美总统候选人(candidate)首轮电视辩论中，让我们领略到罗姆尼的来势汹汹，及奥巴马的出师不利这里就让我们一起来解读这两位大选热门人选US president Barack Obama and Republican nominee Mitt Romney had their first round of presidential debates on October 3. These debates are widely regarded as one of the key moments in the US election campaign.十月三日，美国现任总统贝拉克•奥巴马以及共和党候选人米特•罗姆尼进行了二人的首轮总统竞选辩论。
这次辩论被公觉得是美国大选中最为核心的时刻之一The two candidates addressed key issues including tax policies, healthcare and the role of the government. Judging from numerous media analyses and polls after the event, it was Romney who emerged with the upper hand. He was presidential, articulate and strong. Obama, on the other hand, was “stumbling, rambling, dull-edged” and spent most of the debate on the defensive, said an article in The Atlantic.两位候选人就某些核心议题进行了演说，涉及：税收政策，医疗制度以及政府角色等从众多的媒体分析和事后投票来看，罗姆尼占据上风她很有总统相，口齿清晰，令人信服。
而作为辩论另一方的奥巴马，用《大西洋月刊》上的一篇文章的话说，口误不断，离题万里，反映迟钝，大部分时间只是在进行防御性辩解It seems Romney’s hard work paid off. According to The New York Times he has been doing debate preparation since June. Meanwhile, Obama’s campaign team has been telling journalists how little time he has had to prepare due to his heavy workload as incumbent.罗姆尼前期的努力似乎十分奏效《纽约时报》报道称，罗姆尼从六月起就开始为辩论做准备同步，奥巴马的竞选团队也始终向记者表达，由于还属任职期间，奥巴马工作承当很重，因此准备时间很少The next two debates are scheduled for October 16 and 22. Their outcome will have a strong influence on those who haven’t yet decided how to vote. Perhaps the president should spend more time honing his debating skills.接下来的两轮辩论分别定于10月16日和22日举办。
她们辩论的成果将对那些尚未拟定投票对象的选民们产生巨大的影响也许总统先生应当多花点时间好好练习一下辩论技巧So, how does a candidate prepare for these verbal duels?那么，作为总统候选人，该如何准备应对这一场场唇枪舌战呢？Candidates enjoy the perk of having a prep team to arrange mock debate sessions and give them feedback. The prep team’s key task is to put together a briefing book on policy for the candidate, in addition to a position book detailing the opponent’s stance on key issues.作为总统候选人的一份特权，她们总统可以让竞选团队来安排模拟辩论赛，听听她们的反馈竞选团队的重要任务是整顿出该候选人的执政简介书，此外还要详述对手在重要议题上的立场The team also tries to anticipate potential questions right down to their possible phrasing, said Tad Devine in a recent interview with the BBC. Devine is a senior adviser who helped with previous presidential debates.竞选团队还要尝试预测出所有也许浮现的问题，甚至是每一句也许使用的措辞，曾参与前几届总统辩论工作的高档顾问泰德•迪瓦恩近日在接受BBC采访时如是说。
A candidate is generally advised to stick to familiar territory, using tried and tested material. Sharp one-liner attacks known as “zingers” are a key part of this approach and can be very effective.候选人一般会接受建议，紧扣自己熟悉的领域，并使用反复验证过的材料某些调侃性的犀利辩驳是该竞选方案中的重要且奏效的一环Romney is said to have been came in handy on October 3. He said: “Mr President, practicing zingers, which you’re entitled, as the president, to your own airplane and to your own house, but not to your own facts.”据称，这招在罗姆尼10月3日的辩论中就派上了用场她说：“总统先生，作为一名总统，你有资格对着自己的飞机、房屋进行练习强有力的辩驳，但不要对着自己的政绩这样做。
One of the most important rules, says Devine, is to have a central message that you drive home to the audience repeatedly. Also make sure you answer the question, and do so right away. “Once you’ve answered, you can go on and talk about what you want to talk about,” says Devine.迪瓦恩说，最重要的一条原则便是，你要反复向观众强调同一种中心思想同步，要保证自己对答如流只要你给出答案，你可以继续下去，高谈阔论一番Another rule is never to show disdain for the opponent, but Obama has apparently forgotten this. “Professorial” is the word media outlets used most frequently to describe Obama’s mannerism. He was busy taking notes and didn’t make a lot of eye contact with either Romney or the cameras.另一条原则是永远不要轻视对手，很明显奥巴马忘了这点。
各大媒体常用“学者派头”来形容奥巴马特有的说话习惯她忙于记笔记，疏于与罗姆尼或镜头做眼神交流Whereas Romney managed to “keep a choirboy smile pasted on his face”, the president was quick to drop his friendliness and adopted “the look of a long-suffering headmaster enduring the excuses of a bright student he is going to expel,” said a New York Times article.当“罗姆尼的脸上始终保持少年般微笑”时，奥巴马却迅速地丢弃自己友善的一面，她“看起来就像是一位长期受苦的校长，隐忍着她将要开除的天才学生的自我辩护It is no secret that Obama doesn’t like Romney, but after the first debate he might admit that Romney is a formidable opponent after all.奥巴马不喜欢罗姆尼，这点可谓众人皆知。
但在首轮辩论之后，她也许要承认，罗姆尼究竟是位强大的对手辞海拾贝nominee被提名的人，被任命者 presidential总统的articulate清晰明白地说 stumble结结巴巴地说话ramble漫谈长篇大论并常常离题地说或写 defensive防卫的incumbent在职的 hone磨练，训练使完美duel决斗 perk额外津贴mock讥笑 zinger有力地辩驳come in handy迟早有用 entitle给﹒﹒﹒权利（或资格）mannerism（言语、写作的）特殊习惯 choirboy（唱诗班的）少年歌者expel驱逐，开除 formidable强大的，令人敬畏的。