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增译法在《十七大报告》汉英翻译中的应用

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增译法在《十七大报告》汉英翻译中的应用郑姗(湖南理工学院外语学院0805班 学号14080601872)摘要:《十七大报告》的翻译属时政翻译,具有极大的权威性由于汉英思维方式、语言 习惯和表达方式的差异,为了更好的表达原文所包含的意思,译者分别从语法层面和语义层 面采用了增译法的七种方式,即增译主谓结构、连词或关系副词、介词、代词、冠词、增译 暗含词语和注释性词语关键词:增译法、《十七大报告》、语言差异、汉英翻译Application of Amplification in the Chinese-English Translation ofHu Jintao S Report at 17thNational Congress of the Communist Party of ChinaZheng Shan(Class0805 of College of Foreign Languages and Literature, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Students Number:14080601872 )Abstract: The translation of Hu Jintao s Report at 17th Party Congress belongs to the translation of official text. Owing to the differences of thinking ways,linguistic customs and expressions between Chinese and English and in order to make a better coherence with the Report, the translator used seven methods of amplification from two aspects of grammar and semantic,namely amplification of the subject-predicate,conjunctions or adverb,prepositions,pronouns,articles,words of implied meaning and annotations.Key Words: ellipsis; Hu Jintao' s Report at 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China; language differences; Chinese-English translation一、增译法的定义、功能与类型增译法的英文是amplificationo郭著章、李庆生编著的《英汉互译教程》中对增译法的定 义是这样的:“为了使译文忠实的表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加 一些词语,就叫做增译法”。

因此可以知道增译并非是增加译者的观点或者增加原文中没有 的意思,而是通过增添一些由于双方不同思维方式、表达习惯或者文化风俗造成的语言的缺 失来更好的符合原文的意思简而言之,增译法就是为了更好的表达原意,在翻译时增添一 些词、短句或句子的翻译方法增译法作为一种重要的翻译方法,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明 确,这里指的不仅仅局限于明白原文的字面意思因为翻译不仅是一种交流工具,更是一种 文化桥梁,通过增译法的应用能够使读者更好的了解中国的文化背景,更好的理解《十七大 报告》中的各项政策,便于读者加深对中国的了解,扩大与中国的政治经济文化交流在《英汉互译教程中》增译法主要被归纳为九种,即增译原文中找不到的对应的词语、动 词、名词、主谓结构、定语、状语或副词、语气助词、代词和连词但这种归类的方法是对 英汉互译中增译法较为简单的归纳本文主要是针对汉英翻译,引用《十七大报告》的实例, 通过语法和语义两个层面详细讨论《十七大报告》中增译法的七种方法的运用二、增译法在《十七大报告》汉英翻译中的应用增译法在《十七大报告》汉英翻译中的广泛使用,总体可归纳在以下两个层面:(一)语法层面1、 增译主谓结构汉语无主句较多,而英文中的句子一般都有主句,且后面的从句内容都是围绕主句展开,因 此在翻译的时候,通过主谓结构的增译,来保持英语句法的完整。

1) 实施知识产权战略充分利用国际科技资源进一步营造鼓励创新的环境・・・・We will implement the strategy for intellectual property rights.We will make the best use of international resources of science and technology.We will continue to create conditions conducted to innovation...2) 文化上相互借鉴、求同存异,尊重世界多样性Culturally.they should learn from each other in the spirit of seeking common ground while shelving differences,respect the diversity of the world.3) 中国特色社会主义理论体系是不断发展的理论体系It is an open system that keeps developing.4) 和谐社会要靠全社会共同建设It required joint efforts of the whole society to build a harmonious society.5) 实践永无止境,创新永无止境There is no end to practice or innovation,例2)、3)中译文分别增译了主谓结构"We will'和"they should在句式上和时态上都保持了英 语语法的准确性。

除此之外,汉语中习惯把说话的内容放在句子的前面把评论放在后面,而英 语中多习惯把评论放在前面,把内容放在后面,尤其是内容比评论较多的时候,或者评论是多 个同样的形容词,如例6)中两个句子都是“ ••无止境・••无止境”在翻译时往往通过增译 形式主语'it "和 "there be'结构使句子显的更加规整,符合英式思维的逻辑《十七大报告》中还 有很多类似的表决心和任务的并列句都采用了增译主谓结构来保持句法完整的方法2、 增译连词或副词汉语是意合式语言,上下文的组织主要是依靠句子的内在意思来衔接,而不一定要连接词 英语则是形合式语言,上下文之间的衔接主要依靠连接词等句法手段来实现且汉语句式较为 松散,一般由多个句子成并列结构组成一段内容,而英语句式较为紧凑,一般一段内容由一个 主句和多个分句成分枝形展开,且主从关系十分明显,因此在翻译的过程中往往会增译连词和 副词6) 高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive for New Victories in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in all Respects.7) 为了完成这个历史使命,一代又一代的中国共产党人前赴后继无数革命先烈献出了宝贵 的生命。

Chinese Communists have been fighting one generation after another to fulfill this mission.and countless revolutionaries have sacrificed their lives in the course,.8) 加快建设国家创新体系,支持基础研究、前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研究加快建立 以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系,引导和支持创新要素向企业集聚, 促进科技成果向现实生产力转化We will speed up forming a national innovation system and support basic research,research in frontier technology and technological research for public welfare, willstep up our efforts to established a market-oriented system for technological innovation.in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises.universities and research institutes.and guide and support the concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises.thereby promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces.3、 增译介词1)城乡、区域、经济社会发展仍然不平衡There remains an imbalance in development between urban and rural areas.among regions.and between the economy and society.2)增进中国人民和各国人民的相互了解和友谊Enhance mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese people and the people of other countries.4、增译冠词1) 和平与发展仍然是时代主题,求和平、谋发展、促合作已经成为不可阻挡的时代潮流。

Peace and development remain the main themes of the present era,and pursuit of peace,development and cooperation has become_an irresistible trend of the times.2) 奉行独立自主的和平外交政策pursue _an independent foreign policy of peace.3) 为夺取全面建设小康社会而奋斗strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.(二)语义层面1、 增译代词9) 坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,各项外交工作积极开展,同各国的交流合作广泛加强,在 国际事务中发挥重要建设性作用,为全面建设小康社会争取了良好环境Pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace,China energetically carried out diplomatic activities,enhanced exchanges and cooperation with other countries in various fields and played a major constructive role in international affairs.This created a favorable international environment for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.10) 使党始终成为立党为公、执政为民 的马克思主义执政党...All this will enable the Party to remain a ruling Marxist party that is built for public interests and exercises governance for the people...11) 必须坚持把发展作为党执政兴国的第一要务•••••必须坚持以人为本 必须坚持全面协调可持续发展 必须坚持统筹兼顾We must regard development as the top priority of the party in governing and rejuvenating the country...We must always put people first...We must pursue comprehensive,balanced and sustainable development...We must persist in overall consideration.12) 恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨hold its foreign policy purposes of maintaining world peace and promoting common development.13) 在时代的高起点上推动文化内容形式、体制机制、传播手段创新,解放和发展文化生产 力,是繁荣文化的必由之路The only way to invigorate culture is to promote innovationjn its content and form.its structure and mechanism.and its means of dissemination from the high starting point of our times and release and develop its productive forces.2、 增译增译暗含词语1) 人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康The Chinese people.once inadequately fed and clad.are leading a fairly comfortable life on the whole.2) 科学发展观,是立足社会主义初级阶段基本国情总结我国发展实践,借鉴国外发展经验, 适应新的发展要求提出来的。

In light of the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism.the Scientific Outlook on Development has been formulated to meet new requirements of development by analysing China's own practice anddrawing on the experience of other countries in development.3、 增译注释性词语1) 面对十年“文化大革命”造成的为难局面In a precarious situation left by the "cultural revolution"(1966-76)2) 制定“ ^一五”规划、构建社会主义和谐社会drawing up the Eleventh Five-Yr Plan(2006-10):and building a harmonious socialist society.3) “十五计划”计划顺利完成The Tenth Five-Yar Plan(2001-05)was fulfilled successfully.4) 推动直接“三通”使彼此感情更融洽、合作更深化push for the resumption of direct links of mail,transport and trade.so that they will develop greater empathy and closer cooperation.结语从以上翻译实例可以看出,在汉英时政翻译实践中,在不损害语法结构或引起歧义的前 提下,译者正确地利用增译法,能使译文更加清楚、明白,符合英语的表达习惯。

十七大闭 幕后,国外媒体纷纷盛赞大会的胜利召开他们的赞美之词,一部分肯定与《党的十七大报 告》的正确翻译有关国内许多高校英语专业师生掀起了学习《党的十七大报告》英文翻译 的热潮,他们采取翻译竞赛、翻译评论、模拟翻译等方式学习十七大报告报告的正确翻译 给师生们留下了深刻的印象,认真研读党的十七大报告及英语译文,对领会十七大精神,提 高政治敏锐性,提高语言实践能力都有重要的意义参考文献[1] 郭著章、李庆生•英汉互译实用教程(第三版)[M]•武汉大学出版社,2004[2] 张其海.《十七大报告》英译策略及其理据雏论[J].聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2008(2)248-250.[3] 冯庆华.实用翻译教程(增订本)[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2008.[4] 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(Oxford Advanced Learner S Dictionary of Current English (Sixthedition) )[Z].北京:商务印书馆,London: Oxford University Press, 2000.⑸⑹ Nida, E. A. & Charles R. T. The Theory and Practice of Translation [M]. Shanghai: ShanghaiForeign Language Education Press, 2004.[7] 袁晓宁.外宣英语的策略及其理据[J ].中国翻译,2005 , (1) :75 - 78.[8] 王宏印.英汉翻译综合教程[M].大连:辽宁师范大学出版社,2007.[9] 许建平.英汉互译实践与技巧[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.[10] 曾剑平、雷敏.汉英翻译中的词语省略[J].南昌航空工业学院学报,2001 (4):77-79.[11] 十七大报告学习百问[M].北京:党建读物出版社,学习出版社,2007.[12] Documents of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China [E]. Beijing:Foreign Languages Press, 2007.。

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