被动语态讲解及练习被动语态的定义：语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词 形式英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的 施动者，被动语态表示主语是动作的受动者例如：He answers the questions in public. （主动语态）他公开地回答了问题The questions were answered in public. （被动语态）问题被公开答复了被动语态的谓语结构形式：英语的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两 种形式被动语态通常是由助动词be和-ed分词构成的如：ask — be asked cook — be cooked make — be made give — be given被动语态的时态构成（以 make 为例）一般现在时 am/ is/ are made一般过去时 was/ were made一般将来时 will/ shall made现在进行时 am/ is/ are being made过去进行时 was/ were being made过去将来时: would be+made现在完成时 has/ have been made过去完成时 had been made被动语态和情态助动词的结合 can /may/ must be made被动语态和半助动词的结合 have to/ had better be made 短语动词的被动语态英语中有一种动词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的，统称为“短语动词”。
有些短语动词在意义上相当于一个及物动词，从而也有主动语态和被动语态两种 形式例如：bring up 教育 be brought up put off 推迟 be put off转换规则转换规则（1）：大多数“主语－动词－宾语”的主动句都可转换为被动句 转换规则如下：将原来主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，将原来的主动语态的动词形式变为被动语态的动词形式例如：This factory produces machine tools. 这家工厂生产车床Machine tools are produced in this factory. 车床是在这家工厂生产的转换规则（2）：如果原来的主动句带有情态助动词或半助动词，在变为被动句时，情态助动词或半助动词不变，随后的主要动词变为被动语态例如：They should do it at once. 他们应该马上办理这件事It should be done at once. 这件事应该马上就办转换规则（3）：当主动句变为被动句时，如果需要强调施动者，便可将原句的主语（即施动者）置于by-短语中表示出来例如：A boy found this wallet in the street. 一个男孩在街上捡到这个钱包。
This wallet was found in the street by a boy. 这个钱包是一个男孩在街上捡到 的转换规则(4):当主动句是个“主语一动词一宾语一宾语”(SVo0)的结 构时，变为被动句，可以有两种形式：一种是以间接宾语作主语；一种是以直接 宾语作主语例如:Father gave me a toy at Christmas. 父亲在圣诞节送我一个玩具I was given a toy at Christmas.A toy was given to me at Christmas.转换规则(5):如果主动句是“主语一动词一宾语一宾补”(SVOC)的 结构，变为被动句时，原来的宾语变做主语，原来的宾补变成主补例如:They named the child Tom. 他们给孩子命名为汤姆The child was named Tom. 那孩子被命名为汤姆被动句的用法 被动句的用法(1):说不出施动者无法说出谁是施动者，因为不知道动 作的施行者是谁I felt as讦I was being watched.我觉得好像有人在监视我被动句的用法(2):不必说出施动者因为动作的施行者是谁并不重要， 说话的焦点集中在承受动作的人或事物上。
Such items should be carefully packed .这种物品应该仔细包装 被动句的用法(3):不必说出施动者因为施动者显而易见或已经提及的 He was regarded as their leader .他被看作是他们的领袖 被动句的用法(4):不便说出施动者因为说出施动者，会使施动者感到 难堪This letter has been opened.这圭寸信有人拆过了说出施动者会使别人难堪) 被动句的用法(5):不愿意说出施动者，因为说出施动者之后会使说话者 自己感到难堪 Employer: 0vertime rates will have to be reduced．被动语态练习题一、把下列句子变成被动语态1. We found some jewels in a box.2. They will not paint the house again next year.3. They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday.4. I have told the children many times not to skate on the pond.5. We had to repair our TV set.6. Do they take good care of the sick?二、把下列句子变成主动语态 1.Spanish is spoken in South America.2. The plans will have to be revised.3. All the words must be looked up in a dictionary.4. Has John been cured of his heart illness?5. The door should not have been left open all night.6. We are afraid that we may be attacked at night.7. We are being taught how to operate the new machine.三、用动词的正确时态填空Our desks and chairs (make) of wood. The paper of books and newspapers___also (make) from wood. Even some kinds of cloth (make) from it.Many people (burn) wood to keep themselves warm in winter. Indeed, wood (be) important in our everyday life.Where wood (come) from? It (take) from trees which (grow) in the mountains. you (know) how it (get) to us from themountains?First of all, trees (cut) down when they (grow) big enough.Then their branches (cut) off, and logs (make).These heavy logs (put) together in different ways and (take) down to the foot of the mountains. Some of them (float 使漂流) down the small rivers andothers (carry) down on trains.Big trees (cut) down in the mountains every year. Then young ones (must, plant) so that we ___ always (can, have) enough wood. We have to takegood care of mountains so that they ___ always (may, cover) with growingtrees.四、翻译1. The shirt washes well.2. The shirt is being washed now.3.The door won't lock.4.The shop is closed now.5.The room is filled with smoke.五、选择正确答案1. When I got to his office, I that he out.A. told, had been B. was told, was C. had told, was D. was told, had been2. The vegetables didn't taste very good. They for too long.A. cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. had been cooked3. The anti-Japanese war in 1937 and it eight years.A. was broken, lasted B. broke out, lastedC. break out, lasted D. broke out, was lasted4. She was heard an English song.A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. to be sang5. These boxes are very heavy ___.A. be carried B. carry C. carried D. be carrying6. The police found that the house and a lot of things .A. had been broken into, has been stolen B. has broken into, has been stolenC. had been broken into, stolen D. has broken into, has stolen7. Coal can to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.A. have used B. used C. be used D. use8. John has never dreamt of .A. taken to Athens B. taking to AthensC. be taking to Athens D. being taken to Athens9. Nobody likes .A. laughed at B. laughing at C. being laughed at D. being laughed10. The bridge will be completed next year.A. built B. being built C. is being built D. building。