外研版(新标准)(三年级起点)(2012教材)初中八上Module9 Population知识要点梳理【核心短语】1.too much/too many太多的 2.population increase/the increasing population人口的增加3.one fifth五分之一 4.hang on稍等5.write down写下;记下 6.in the future在将来7.close to靠近 8.move to搬到9.close down关闭 10. in the city centre在市中心11.in fact实际上 12. all over the world全世界【要点梳理】1.就人口的多少提问句式:Whats the population of...?……人口是多少?2.too many,too much和much too用法辨析:这三个词语的主要区别在于它们的中心词以及它们所修饰的词不同三者的前一个词都是修饰词,用来加强语气,后一个词是中心词因此,在使用时只需要考虑后一个词的用法就行了分述如下:(1) too many的中心词是many,用法与many相同,用来修饰可数名词复数。
2)too much的中心词是much,用法与much相同,用来修饰不可数名词另外,too much还可作名词性短语,用作宾语;也可作副词性短语,在句中用作状语,修饰动词Dont eat too much.不要吃得太多3)much too的中心词是too,用法与too相同,用来修饰形容词或副词原级Its much too cold outside. Youd better put on your overcoat.外面太冷了,你最好把你的大衣穿上3.数词知识归纳:一般地,基数词hundred.thousand,million,billion等前有具体数字时后面不能加-s,也不带ofTwo hundred (thousand) students went there.有两百(千)学生去了那儿当这些词不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且后要接介词of,然后才能接名词Thousands of students entered the contest.数千名学生参加了这次比赛4.hang on常用来表示“稍等”Hang on! Ill finish it at once.稍等!我马上完成它。
5.close down的意思是“(永久性)停工,关闭”重点语法】冠词概述冠词是虚词,用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种1.a和an的区别:不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目概念,只表示名词为不特定者不定冠词有a、an两种形式,a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前2.不定冠词的用法(1)泛指某一类人、事或物,相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法2)表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈3)表示“每一”,相当于everyI go to school five days a week.我一周去上学五天4)用在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”I have three books.I want to buy a fourth one.我有三本书,我想买第四本5)用在某些固定短语中:a lot(of)许多,大量;after a while过一会儿3.定冠词的用法:定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单、复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。
1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法2)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物Open the window,please.请打开窗户3)指上文已经提到的人或事物I have a car.The car is red.我有一辆小汽车这辆车是红色的4)指世界上独一无二的事物Which is bigger,the sun or the earth?哪一个大,太阳还是地球?(5)用在序数词、形容词最高级前6)用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人the poor穷人,the blind盲人;用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”the Greens格林一家或格林夫妻俩7)用在乐器名称前She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴8)用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派等名词前the Yangzi River长江9)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall长城,the United States美国用在某些固定短语中:all the same仍然,all the time 一直,at the same time同时,by the way顺便说一下,do the shopping买东西。
4.零冠词的用法(2)可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these.that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时我的书my book(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时They are teachers.他们是老师4)在星期、月份、季节、节日前on Sunday在周日,in March在三月,in spring在春天,on Womens Day在妇女节5)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前Tom汤姆,Mum妈妈6)在学科名称、三餐饭和球类名称前特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球Wheres the football?那只足球在哪儿?(指足球,并非“球类名词”)(7)在表特定的公园、街道、车站、桥、学校等之前No. 25 Middle School第25中学8)某些固定短语中不用冠词:①与by连用的交通工具的名称前:by bus乘公共汽车;by car乘小汽车;但take a bus,in a boat,on the bike前需用冠词。
②名词短语:day and night日日夜夜,brother and sister兄弟姐妹,here and there到处③介词短语:at home在家,in surprise惊奇地,at noon在中午,on foot步行,at night在晚上,on duty值日,at work在工作,on time准时④go短语:go home回家;go to bed上床睡觉;go to school去上学友情提示用与不用冠词的差异:in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里in front of在……前面(外部的)/in the front of在……前面(内部的)at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船/by the sea在海边next year明年/the next year第二年a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer 一位教师和一位作家(两个人)【作文模板】结合本模块所学知识,从自己的切身感受出发,以“Problems caused by the increasing population”为题,写一篇有关人口增长引发的问题的短文。
要求:80词左右短文开头已给出,不计入总词数Problems caused by the increasing populationNowadays,the population of the world is becoming larger and larger. With the increase of the population of the wor_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________One possible version:Problems caused by the increasing populationNowadays, the population of the world is becoming larger and larger. With the increase of thepopulation of the world, there are more and more problems. First, there is less and less food for everyone to eat. So some people in poor areas will even die of hunger. Second, the cities become bigger and bigger, and more and more people have their own cars. This causes much more air pollution and noise pollution. Third, there is less and less energy for people to use. So we should try our best to control the increase of the population. Then we will have a happier life.。