2014高考英语一轮精练完型填空J [2013·辽宁卷] 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项ForgivenessTo forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.__71__ Try the following steps：Calm yourself. __72__ You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.Don't wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. __73__ Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.__74__ If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.Don't forget to forgive yourself. __75__ But it can rob you of your self－confidence if you don't do it.A．Why should you forgive?B．How should you start to forgive?C．Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.D．Try to see things from your offender's angle.E．For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.F．To make your anger die away, try a simple stress－management technique.G．If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.【要点综述】 本文是说明文，主要讲宽恕、原谅别人是一种美德，讲一些宽恕、原谅的技巧和方法。
71．B 根据“Try the following steps”可判断下文讲述应当如何宽恕、原谅72．F “深呼吸，想一些令你愉快的事物”应该属于自我减压的技巧73．G 根据这段的主题“Don't wait for an apology.”， 符合此主题的应该是G74．D 根据这段的主题“Take the control away from your offender.”可知， 符合此主题的应该是D75．E 根据这段的主题“Don't forget to forgive yourself.”可知，符合此主题的应该是EJ [2013·北京卷] 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项UrbanizationUntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5，500 years ago. __71__ In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning. __72__ The process of urbanization—the migration (迁徙) of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1900, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. __73__Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety－five people on farms to feed five people in cities. __74__ Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. __75__ Today, instead of needing ninety－five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non－farmers.A. That kept cities very small. B. The rest live in small towns.C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D. Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.E．But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.F．Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G．Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.【要点综述】 这是一篇关于城市化的说明文，主要说明城市化的历史，并介绍了城市化过程中城市与农村的变化，以及社会分工的转化。
71．E 考查段落中句子的并列关系本空前谈到5500年前的居住情况，空后谈到20世纪，所以此空应该也是讲的一个历史时期，所以选E72．D 考查段落中句子的顺序关系根据空前“Britain was only the beginning.”可知英国只是开始，后面应谈到其他国家所以选D73．B 考查段落中事物的比例关系这里谈到的目前美国人口的分布提到82%、2%的人口的居住情况，所以另外应该是对剩下的人的描述所以选B74．A 考查段落中句子的因果关系95%的农业人口养活5%的城市人口，因此这制约了城市的发展所以选A75．F 考查段落中句子的因果关系工业革命打破了城乡的平衡，带来的结果必然是更多人口涌向城市，且农业生产率提高对应下文的“one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non－farmers”可知选FJ [2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)—that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. __71__ Commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. __72__ Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction，and control of the operations of a business. __73__ One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. __74__ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority. __75__ A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C．Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.【解析】71．D 考查上下文的语境理解。
根据后文“Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.”可知，这些公司被普遍认为是非营利组织所以，上文应该与其内容一致D项：然而，一些公司只挣足够的钱来满足基本的经营费用这说明它们不赚钱这与后文内容相符此处However也是关键词，其前讲的是盈利活动，其后是非营利公司活动72．C 考查上下文的语境理解前文提到非营利公司，下文举例说明哪些是非营利组织73．G 考查上下文的语境理解第二段的第一句是总述，接下来从三个方面进行分述74．E 考查上下文的语境理解根据上文“经营管理计划有三个方面” 可知，这里谈的是第二个方面下文是The third…75．A 考查上下文的语境理解根据前文可知，三个方面已经讲了两个方面，接下来是第三个方面的内容即对公司管理的整体控制J [2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Public Speaking TrainingGet a coach 51.________，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.Focus on positives Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. 52.________， so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do. 53.________ If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. 54.________. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.You are a special person not a cloneMost importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 55.________. Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not. A. You aren't like anybody else B. You already do lots of things well C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts E．Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F．The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep G．So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse51．E 考查上下文的语境理解。
结合后面的so get help“得到帮助”，与E项中的tough“艰难的”呼应，指无论什么报告，公共演讲是比较难的，因此需要帮助52．B 考查上下文的语境理解空格前面的doing well与B项中的do…well意义相同，都是指做得好，故选B 53．C 考查上下文的语境理解本段的“If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts，walk away！如果你发现一个公共演讲课程是想告诉你大量的该做什么，不该做什么的内容的话，就走开！”说明不要理睬这些所谓的规则，故选C54．G 考查上下文的语境理解结合前面的“Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.”可知你的头脑中已经装满了这些内容，所以再听一些规则会更糟糕的，故选G55．A 考查上下文的语境理解根据本段的小标题中的special可知你是一个特殊的人，因此与A中的“You aren't like anybody else”意义相同。
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