2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题There has not been a great response to the sale,（ ）?问题1选项A.does thereB.hasn’t thereC.hasn’t itD.has there【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句含有there be结构的反义疑问句，如果陈述部分为there be结构时，则疑问部分用be（not）there例如：There is not much news，is there？本题用的是there be句型的完成时的否定形式，所以反义疑问句要用到完成时的肯定形式，即has there？句意：这次销售反响不太好，对吧？综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项2. 单选题A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) -rich and the info-poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access…after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on…were built with foreign investment.The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.1. Digital divide is something（ ）.2. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it（ ）.3. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of（ ）.4. It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on（ ）.5. The author’s attitude towards foreign investment seems to be（ ）.问题1选项A.getting worse because of the InternetB.the rich countries are responsible forC.the world must guard againstD.considered positive today问题2选项A.offers economic potentialsB.can bring foreign fundsC.can soon wipe out world povertyD.connects people all over the world问题3选项A.providing financial support overseasB.preventing foreign capital’s controlC.building industrial infrastructureD.accepting foreign investment问题4选项A.how well developed it is electronicallyB.whether it is prejudiced against immigrantsC.whether it adopts America’s industrial patternD.how much control it has over foreign corporations问题5选项A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferentD.pessimistic【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。
题干：数字鸿沟是_______通过题干关键词“digital divide”定位到第一段第一句是对“数字鸿沟”所下的一个定义其后作者提到My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago（他和妻子20年前就谈到这种隐伏的危险），这里的looming danger指的就是“the digital divide”，即在世界范围内产生信息富裕和信息贫乏的两类国家当时，作者就认为前途是乐观的，因为早在20年前就已经出现了一些防止产生这种分化的积极因素，只是当时这些因素还不太明显同时定位到第二段，作者提到了“因特网的普及使这种鸿沟正得到缩小”，可见，A选项“因为因特网而变得糟糕”与原文意思相反，是错误的B选项“富裕国家应该承担责任”，此内容文中没有提到，属于无中生有，所以B选项不正确D选项“今天被认为是积极的”，根据第二段最后一句And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.（网络的普及能帮助世界战胜贫困。
在作者看来，这种鸿沟是不好的现象D选项的说法显然是错误的，因为作者就是要消除这个鸿沟综上所述，C选项“全世界都要警惕”，是正确的2.事实细节题题干：政府重视因特网是因为它_______通过题干关键词“government”“internet”定位到第二段，文中提到And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.（政府之所以大力推广因特网是出于因特网可能成为消除贫困的最好的工具的考虑）第三段更是提到“But it has enormous potential”（因特网可能具有巨大的潜力）因此可以判断A选项“提供很多经济可能”是正确的B选项“可以带来海外投资”在第四段The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.（在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资越多，你将变得越富裕。
作者建议贫穷国家在利用外资方面放弃一些过时的偏见—如殖民、侵犯主权等概念，积极利用外资建立自己的电子基础设施，以便充分利用国际互联网提供的机遇，走向富裕这里的逻辑并不是互联网带来外资，而是利用外资发展网络工程，所以B选项不正确C选项“能很快消灭世界贫困”虽然作者提到了国际互联网的利用可能是战胜贫困的工具，但这仅仅是一种潜在的力量，把这种力量转化为现实则取决于不同国家的努力，并没有说能够很快消除贫困，C选项不正确D选项“将世界人民连到一起”正像上面所分析的，政府关注国际互联网是因为它为经济的发展带来的巨大潜力，而不仅仅是它将世界连成一片这个事实，D选项过于片面综上所述，A选项为正确答案3.作者意图题题干：作者提到美国的案例是为了证明_________政策是对的在第四段，美国和巴西的例子都被作者用以说明拋弃过去的在那种在利用外资上的过时的反殖民偏见，提出充分利用外资建立电子基础设施的重要性，并且指出，哪个国家在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资多，哪个国家就将变得更富裕因此可以判断正确选项是D“接受外国投资”A选项“为海外提供资金支持”，把吸收外资的重要性和美国提供海外资金混淆起来B选项“防止外资的控制”，第四段最后两句指出，利用外资并不意味着缴械或受愚弄，也不意味着放任外国公司肆意妄为，此说法无法从美国这个案例中推断出来。
C选项“建立工业基础设施”由以上的分析可以看出，本文提到的不是建立“工业”基础设施的问题C选项错在“工业”这个概念上综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项4.推理判断题题干：现在，一个国家的经济看起来极大地依赖于_________文章最后一段提到哪个国家在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资多，哪个国家就将变得更富裕这里的“第三次浪潮”指的就是“电子基础建设”因此选项A“它的电子发展程度”是正确的其他三个选项中，B选项“它是否歧视移民”和D选项“它对外国公司的控制有多大”，在文中都没有提到，属于无中生有，排除C选项“它是否采用美国的工业模式”，再次出现“工业模式”，因此不正确综上所述，本题的正确答案为A选项5.观点态度题题干：作者对于外国投资的态度是______文中作者提到，哪个国家在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资多，哪个国家就将变得更富裕说明作者对外国投资属于积极的态度，选项A“肯定的，积极的”是正确选项B选项“消极的，否定的”，C选项“冷漠的”，和D选项“悲观的”，均不符合题意综上所述，本题的正确答案为A选项3. 单选题In general, the effects of radiation can be divided into those which affect the individuals exposed and those which affect their（ ）.问题1选项A.successionB.descendantsC.descentD.successors【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项succession“继任，继承”；B选项descendant“后代，晚辈”；C选项descent“下降，血统，袭击”；D选项successor“继承人”根据individual可知，空格处应填入某一或某类人物，故A、C选项不符合题意，排除successor一般是说某个家庭的继承人，而descendant泛指人类的子孙后代，所以本题选B更加贴切句意：总的来说，辐射的危害可以分为对辐射接收者本人的影响以及对其子孙后代的影响综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项4. 单选题Reading（ ）the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.问题1选项A.rectifiesB.confirmsC.minimizesD.furnishes【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析A选项rectify“改正，精馏”，显然并非所有阅读都可以整顿人的思想；B选项confirm“确认，证实”，阅读证实思想也不对；C选项minimize“最小化，使最小化”，也不合题意；D选项furnish“提供，供应”，阅读只为思想提供了知识材料符合题意。
句意：阅读虽为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们所读的内容变成自己的东西综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项5. 单选题（ ）, the girl ran out of the room.问题1选项A.Having tears in her eyes and turned suddenlyB.With a sudden turn, tearful eyesC.With tears in her eyes and suddenly turningD.Turning suddenly, with tears in her eyes【答案】D【解析】考查伴随状语，女孩应该是先转身然后再跑出房间，B、C选项都是伴随状语，B选项应该还有and连接才是对的，应该改为with a sudden turn and tearful eyes，C选项应该改为with tears in her eyes and a sudden turn综上所述，D选项正确6. 单选题That mythical beast, homo economicus, is utterly clear about the purpose of work: to get paid. He is keener on leisure than work, and if money can be got without effort, he downs tools. If real people feel the same, then plentiful out-of-work benefits should be found in the same places as work-shy citizens.Yet a cross-country comparison of benefits and attitudes to work published on January 28th finds precisely the opposite pattern. Researchers ranked 13 countries according to their generosity (measured by comparing typical benefits to those out of work with the average wage of a production worker) and their citizens’ commitment to work (gauged by asking whether they would work if they did not need the cash, and whether they regarded a job as merely a way to earn a living). The more generous a state is, the keener on work its people are, they found. Britons, whose benefits were least after those that Americans get, were least keen of all on work.One reason may be the skills make-up of the British workforce. The researchers found, logically enough, that professionals and graduates were more positive about work than the unskilled and non-graduates. Fewer Britons than Norwegians (who came top on work commitment) have professional jobs or degrees. But this does not entirely explain their comparative immunity to the attractions of hard work: Britons of every social class and level of education were less keen on work than their counterparts elsewhere.Could the “dependency culture” currently excercising British politicians be solved by raising benefits? Unlikely, says Alison Park, editor of the annual British Social Attitudes Report, in which the study appeared: attitudes to work vary from country to country for many reasons. The generosity of what the report terms “encompassing” states, all Nordic with Lutheran traditions, may have been made possible by a strong work ethic, rather than a stronger commitment to work having emerged as a result of it.And work incentives are affected by features of welfare systems other than overall generosity: “corporatist” states such as Germany, which pay higher benefits to those with a longer work history, may be encouraging positive attitudes to work by such conditionality. Britain’ s little benefits, by contrast, are largely independent of previous employment, which may mean they are seen as an alternative to work, rather than as one of the good things that flow from it.6. “Work-shy citizens” in the last sentence of paragraph 1 probably refers to people who are（ ）.7. From paragraph 2, we learn that（ ）.8. Britons are unmotivated in their work mainly due to（ ）.9. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?10. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?问题1选项A.incompetent for their workB.ashamed of their workC.unwilling to do their workD.irresponsible for their work问题2选项A.Britons’ average wage is the lowest in EuropeB.Britons rely heavily on government welfaresC.Britons prefer leisure to workD.Britons are not enthusiastic in work问题3选项A.weak work ethicB.insufficient work skillsC.lazy lifestyleD.defective welfare system问题4选项A.Americans are probably less interested in their work than Britons.B.Norwegians exceed Britons in professional education.C.People in Nordic countries are more committed to their work than Germans.D.The welfare of “encompassing” states might be better than that of “corporatist” states.10. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?问题5选项A.Attitude to Work: Diligent or Idle?B.Attitude to Work: Can’t or Won’t?C.Welfare System: Stimulator or Inhibitor?D.Welfare System: More Generous or More Reasonable?【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。
题干：第一段最后一句中的“work-shy citizens”可能指的是_________的人通过关键词“work-shy citizens”可以定位到第一段最后一句话前后内容If real people feel the same, then plentiful out-of-work benefits should be found in the same places as work-shy citizens.（如果现实中的人也一样如此，那么大量的失业福利应该在那些不愿工作的公民身上找到可知C选项“不愿去做他们的工作”符合题意选项A“无法胜任他们的工作”，B选项“对自己的工作感到羞愧”，D选项“对他们的工作不负责任”根据“失业福利”这个单词可知，Work-shy citizens指的是不愿工作而导致失业的人，所以A，B，D选项均不符合题意综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项2.推理判断题题干：从第2段，我们可以学习到_______根据第二段最后一句话The more generous a state is, the keener on work its people are, they found. Britons, whose benefits were least after those that Americans get, were least keen of all on work.（一个国家越慷慨，其人民就越热衷于工作。
英国人紧随美国人之后，福利最微薄，他们对工作最不感兴趣可知，D选项“英国人对工作没有热情”，符合题意A选项“英国人的平均工资是欧洲最低的”，文章表达的英国福利最差，并不是说平均工资最低，属于概念混淆，所以A选项不正确B选项“英国人严重依赖政府福利”，英国人享受的福利是最差的，所以B选项的表述也不正确C选项“比起工作，英国人更喜欢休闲”，文中并没有提及英国人喜欢休闲，属于无中生有，所以C选项也不正确综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项3.事实细节题题干：英国人在工作中缺乏积极性主要是因为_________由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句话One reason may be the skills make-up of the British workforce. The researchers found, logically enough, that professionals and graduates were more positive about work than the unskilled and non-graduates.（其原因之一可能是英国劳动力的技能的构成研究人员发现，符合逻辑的是，专业人士和大学毕业生对工作的态度比无技能和没有大学学历的人更积极。
所以B选项“工作技能不足”符合题意A选项“薄弱的职业道德”，C选项“懒惰的生活方式”，D选项“有缺陷的福利系统”，这三个选项在此处并没有提及综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项4.推理判断题题干：下列哪个选项可以从文章中推断出来？A选项“美国人对工作的兴趣可能不如英国人”，通过文章第二段最后一句话The more generous a state is, the keener on work its people are, they found. Britons, whose benefits were least after those that Americans get, were least keen of all on work.（一个国家越慷慨，其人民就越热衷于工作英国人紧随美国人之后，福利最微薄，他们对工作最不感兴趣可知，美国人的福利待遇比英国好，所以美国人比英国人更加热爱工作，A选项不正确通过文章第三段Fewer Britons than Norwegians (who came top on work commitment) have professional jobs or degrees.（拥有专业工作或学位的英国人少于挪威人（挪威人在工作承诺方面排名第一）），可知，B选项“挪威的职业教育超过了英国”，符合题意。
通过文章第五段第二句话“corporatist” states such as Germany, which pay higher benefits to those with a longer work history, may be encouraging positive attitudes to work by such conditionality.（像德国这样的“社团主义”国家会给那些工龄较长的人更好的福利，他们可能通过这样的制约性来鼓励积极的工作态度所以德国人会更加投入工作，可推断出C选项“北欧国家的人比德国人对工作更投入”和D选项“包容国家的福利可能比社团主义国家更好”均不正确综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项5.主旨大意题题干：下列哪一个是文章的最好的标题？文章第一段就指出，工作的目的就是获得报酬第二段以英国人为例，说明人们对工作的积极性和国家的慷慨程度和福利有关第三段指出英国人对工作不热情的另一个原因是缺乏技能第四段指出每个国家对工作态度不同的原因有很多种，强烈的职业道德也是原因之一第五段以德国的例子说明工作的动力还会受到福利体制的特点影响文章主要说的是人的工作态度是积极的还是消极的受到方方面面的因素影响，所以本题选B选项“工作态度：不能还是不愿意？”正确。
A选项“工作态度：勤奋还是懒惰?”对主旨的概括不够贴切，C、D选项都在说福利待遇，不能全面概括文章内容综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项7. 单选题The bar in the club is for the（ ）use of its members.问题1选项A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveD.comprehensive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析A选项extensive“广泛的，大量的”；B选项exclusive“独有的，专一的”；C选项inclusive“包含的，包括的”；D选项comprehensive“综合的，广泛的”句意：俱乐部内的酒吧仅对会员开放由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意8. 单选题It is politely requested by the hotel management that the piano（ ）after 11 of o’clock at night.问题1选项A.was not playedB.not to playC.not be playedD.did not play【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气在it is+表示要求、建议、必要、命令意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中。
句子使用虚拟语气其结构是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，且此处表示被动本句句型是：It is requested by sb that…，所以句子要用虚拟语气句意：饭店管理部门恳请客人晚上11点以后不要打开收音机所以本题选择C选项正确9. 单选题Nancy’s gone to work but her car is still there. She（ ）by bus.问题1选项A.must have goneB.should have goneC.ought to have goneD.could have gone【答案】A【解析】虚拟语气根据句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，后面应该是肯定的推测，南希一定是坐公交去上班了A选项must have gone“一定是”，表示对过去肯定的推测；B选项should have gone和C选项ought to have gone都表示“本来应该去而未去”；D选项could have gone表示“本来能够去而没去”句意：南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。
10. 单选题Roberts is a noted chemist（ ）.问题1选项A.as well as an effective teacherB.and too a very efficient teacherC.but he teaches very good in additionD.however he teaches very good also【答案】A【解析】考查连词A选项as well as“和……一样，不但……而且”，连接两个句子或者短语，例句：The girl is lively as well as healthy.(这女孩既健康又漂亮所以A选项正确；B选项and和too不连用，应该改为and a very efficient teacher too才正确；C选项but“但是”，表示转折，罗伯特是一个著名的化学家和很好的老师应该是并列关系，而不是转折，所以C选项排除，同理D选项however“然而”，也是表示转折，故排除句意：罗伯特是一位著名的化学家，也是一位卓有成效的老师综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项11. 单选题All the parts of the washing machine are（ ）, so that it is very convenient to replace them.问题1选项A.normalizedB.standardizedC.mechanizedD.modernized【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项normalize“正常化，常规化，规格化”；B选项standardize “标准化，使标准化”；C选项mechanize“使机械化，机械化”；D选项modernize“使现代化”，句意：这台洗衣机的所有零件都标准化了，所以要更换它们很方便由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意12. 单选题Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with “nonhuman creatures” such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These fines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet-meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken’s theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America’s past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?2. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found（ ）.3. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the（ ）images they present.3. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of（ ）.5. The author is（ ）about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.问题1选项A.Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomenaB.Public attention is now directed towards countries like PeruC.Public interest usually focuses on North America and EuropeD.Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries问题2选项A.in mountainsB.in stonesC.on animalsD.on a plain问题3选项A.smallerB.largerC.clearerD.brighter问题4选项A.the participation of scientistsB.the emergence of the InternetC.the birth of new theoriesD.the interest in the Internet问题5选项A.cautiousB.pessimisticC.uncertainD.optimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。
题干：以下哪个选项的陈述不正确？文章第一段第三句指出Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well.（直到最近，拉丁美洲也开始受到一些关注可知A选项“拉丁美洲长期以来一直因异常现象而受到关注”，与原文意思矛盾，表述不正确，答案选A；根据第一段最后一句话Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.（尽管阿兹特克文明、玛雅文明和印加文明的奥秘已经为人所知好几个世纪了，但现在公众也开始意识到在秘鲁等国家出现了不寻常的超自然现象可知B选项“公众的注意力现在转向了像秘鲁这样的国家”和D选项“一些古代文明有未解之谜”，均符合文意；根据第一段第一句话Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries.（在过去的几十年里，美国、加拿大和欧洲因异常现象和未解之谜而受到了大量媒体甚至研究的关注。
可知C选项“公众的兴趣通常集中在北美和欧洲”正确综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项2.事实细节题题干：根据文章可知，纳斯卡线条在_____被发现由题干关键词“Nazca lines”定位至第二段第二句话These fines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard.（这些细雕被深深地雕刻成一个平坦的石质平原，并形成了大约300幅复杂的动物图片，如鸟、猴子和蜥蜴可知D选项“在平原”，正确A选项“在山区”，B选项“石头上”和C选项“在动物身上”，。