Body Text,Second Level,Third Level,Fourth Level,Fifth Level,Slide Title,© 1999,,Cisco Systems, Inc.,ICND—5-,44,第五章 管理网络环境,本章目标,通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容,:,获取直接相邻设备的信息,获取远程设备的信息,创建一个简单的网络框图并验证该网络,清楚配置文件和,IOS,映象文件被加载的位置,CDP,协议,Cisco Discovery Protocol,是一个提供关于直接相连的交换机、路由器和其它,Cisco,设备的综合信息的专有工具,,CDP,能够发现直接相邻的设备而不管这些设备所运行的是什么协议栈,,物理介质必须能够支持,Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP),上层地址,Cisco,专有的链路层协议,介质必须能够支持,SNAP,TCP/IP,Novell IPX,CDP,能 发现并显示关于直接相连的,Cisco,设备的信息,ATM,Others,LANs,帧中继,AppleTalk,Others,CDP,运行在使用,10.3,或更新版,Cisco IOS,的路由器以及,Cisco,交换机和集线器上,能获取的信息包括,:,设备名,对应各协议的地址,端口名,角色特征,平台,CDP,show cdp,CDP,CDP,用,CDP,发现直接相邻的设备,使用,CDP,交换机,B,路由器,A,路由器,B,交换机,A,10.3.3.2,10.3.3.1,10.1.1.1,10.1.1.2,10.2.2.1,10.2.2.2,S0,S1,RouterA#sh cdp ?,entry Information for specific neighbor entry,interface CDP interface status and configuration,neighbors CDP neighbor entries,traffic CDP statistics,,RouterA(config)#no cdp run,RouterA(config)#interface serial0,RouterA(config-if)#no cdp enable,,交换机,A,同时也显示其,Mac,地址,使用,show cdp neighbor,,命令,RouterA#sh cdp neighbors,Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge,S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater,,Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID,RouterB Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1,SwitchA0050BD855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2,,10.3.3.2,10.3.3.1,10.1.1.1,10.1.1.2,10.2.2.1,10.2.2.2,S0,S1,交换机,B,路由器,A,路由器,B,交换机,A,使用,show cdp entry,,命令,RouterA#sh cdp entry *,-------------------------,Device ID: RouterB,Entry address(es):,IP address: 10.1.1.2,Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router,Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1,Holdtime : 168 sec,,Version :,Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software,IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci),Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.,Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye,10.3.3.2,10.3.3.1,10.1.1.1,10.1.1.2,10.2.2.1,10.2.2.2,S0,S1,交换机,B,路由器,A,路由器,B,交换机,A,其它,CDP,命令,RouterA#sh cdp traffic,CDP counters :,Packets output: 56, Input: 38,Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3,No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0,,,,RouterA#sh cdp interface,BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down,Encapsulation HDLC,Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds,Holdtime is 180 seconds,,10.3.3.2,10.3.3.1,10.1.1.1,10.1.1.2,10.2.2.1,10.2.2.2,S0,S1,交换机,B,路由器,A,路由器,B,交换机,A,用,Telnet,连接到远端设备,远端设备,10.3.3.2,10.3.3.1,10.1.1.1,10.1.1.2,10.2.2.1,10.2.2.2,S0,S1,RouterA#telnet 10.2.2.2,Trying 10.2.2.2 ... Open,-------------------------------------------------,Catalyst 1900 Management Console,Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998,All rights reserved.,Enterprise Edition Software,Ethernet Address: 00-90-86-73-33-40,PCA Number: 73-2239-06,PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8K,Model Number: WS-C1924-EN,System Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ,.,.,SwitchB>,交换机,B,路由器,A,路由器,B,交换机,A,查看,Telnet,连接,10.3.3.2,10.3.3.1,10.1.1.1,10.1.1.2,10.2.2.1,10.2.2.2,S0,S1,RouterA#sh session,Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name,1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2,* 2 10.3.3.2 10.3.3.2 0 0 10.3.3.2,,,,RouterA#sh user,Line User Host(s) Idle Location,* 0 con 0 10.1.1.2 3,10.3.3.2 2,11 vty 0 idle 1 10.1.1.2,,,交换机,B,路由器,A,路由器,B,交换机,A,挂起一个,Telnet,会话,10.3.3.2,10.3.3.1,10.1.1.1,10.1.1.2,10.2.2.1,10.2.2.2,S0,S1,RouterB#x,RouterA#sh session,Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name,1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2,RouterA#resume 1,RouterB#,,交换机,B,路由器,A,路由器,B,交换机,A,,RouterA#disconnect,Closing connection to 10.3.3.2 [confirm],,,,,RouterA#clear line 11,[confirm],[OK],关闭一个,Telnet,会话,关闭由远端设备建立的会话,关闭由自己建立的当前会话,10.3.3.2,10.3.3.1,10.1.1.1,10.1.1.2,10.2.2.1,10.2.2.2,S0,S1,交换机,B,路由器,A,路由器,B,交换机,A,使用,ping,,和,trace,,命令,测试对远端设备的连接性和路径,Router##,ping 10.1.1.10,,,,Type escape sequence to abort.,Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:,!!!!!,Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms,,Router#,trace 10.1.1.10,,,,Type escape sequence to abort.,Tracing the route to 10.1.1.10,,1 10.1.1.10 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec,Router#,路由器加电,/,启动顺序,加电自检,(POST),加载并运行启动引导微代码,寻找,IOS,映象文件,加载,IOS,映象文件,寻找配置文件,加载配置文件,正常运行,,路由器内部组件,RAM,配置寄存器,ROM,Flash,NVRAM,端口,ROM,功能,ROM,存放完成基本功能的微代码,Bootstrap,Mini IOS,ROM monitor,POST,show version,控制台,寻找,IOS,映象文件,Flash,show,version,show,startup-config,IOS,搜索顺序:,1.,检查配置寄存器,2.,解析,NVRAM,中的配置文件,3.,缺省是使用,Flash,中的第一个文件,4.,尝试从网络启动,5. RXBOOT,6. ROMMON,,控制台,配置寄存器,NVRAM,路由器启动流程图,Use IOS from Flash,Attempt to get,IOS from network,Use IOS in ROM,(RXBoot mode),Check start-up,config,Boot field =0,0x0,Boot field =1,0x1,Boot system,commands ?,Config reg bit 13=1 ?,,5,failures ?,Valid IOS in Flash ?,Do what,they say,Run,ROM Monitor,START,Yes,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Yes,Success ?,No,Yes,Use file from Network,Load IOS,Valid config ?,Config reg bit 6=1 ?,Yes,No,Yes,,SETUP,DIALOG,,NORMAL,START UP,COMPLETE,No,确认当前的配置寄存器值,wg_ro_a#,show version,Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software,IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1),Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.,Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye,Image text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000,,ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE,BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1),,wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutes,System restarted by reload,System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin",,--More--,,Configuration register is 0x2102,,用命令,show version,所显示的配置寄存器值,设定配置寄存器的值,配置寄存器的,3, 2, 1,和,0,位是启动选项位,,Router#configure terminal,Router(config)#,config-register 0x2102,[Ctrl-Z],Router#,reload,设定配置寄存器的值,配置寄存器的,3, 2, 1,和,0,位是启动选项位,,,,,,,,配置寄存器启动选项部分的值,0,x0,含义,进入,ROM monitor,模式,(,人工启动时用,,b,命令,),Router#configure terminal,Router(config)#,config-register 0x2102,[Ctrl-Z],Router#,reload,设定配置寄存器的值,配置寄存器的,3, 2, 1,和,0,位是启动选项位,,,,,,,,配置寄存器启动选项部分的值,0,x0,0,x1,含义,进入,ROM monitor,模式,(,人工启动时用,,b,命令,),自动从,ROM,启动,(,提供完整,IOS,的一个子集),Router#configure terminal,Router(config)#,config-register 0x2102,[Ctrl-Z],Router#,reload,配置寄存器的,3, 2, 1,和,0,位是启动选项位,,,,,,,用命令,show version,来检查配置寄存器的值,设定配置寄存器的值,配置寄存器启动选项部分的值,0,x0,0,x2 to 0xF,0,x1,含义,进入,ROM monitor,模式,(,人工启动时用,,b,命令,),检查,NVRAM,之,,boot system,,命令,(,如果路由器配有,Flash,则缺省值为 0,x2),自动从,ROM,启动,(,提供完整,IOS,的一个子集),Router#configure terminal,Router(config)#,config-register 0x2102,[Ctrl-Z],Router#,reload,从,Flash,加载,IOS,映象文件,Flash,IOS,IOS,show flash,Flash,中的映象文件解压缩到,RAM,中,控制台,RAM,使用,show flash,,命令,wg_ro_a#,sh flash,,,,System flash directory:,File Length Name/status,1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin,[10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total],16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY),,加载配置文件,控制台,IOS,Setup utility,show,startup-config,show,running-config,从,NVRAM,中加载并运行配置文件,如果,NVRAM,中没有配置文件, 进入,setup,模式,Config,Config,RAM,NVRAM,使用,show running,,和,,show startup,,命令,,wg_ro_c#,show startup-config,Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes,!,version 12.0,!,-- More --,wg_ro_c,#,show running-config,Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 12.0,!,-- More --,存在,NVRAM,中,存在,RAM,中,显示当前运行的和保存的配置情况,配置参数的来源,Config,Config,RAM,NVRAM,NVRAM,,copy running startup,copy startup running (,合并),配置参数的来源,Config,Config,RAM,NVRAM,NVRAM,Terminal,copy running startup,copy startup running (,合并,),config term,(,合并,),Config,Config,Console,RAM,NVRAM,NVRAM,Terminal,TFTP,服务器,copy running startup,copy startup running (,合并,),TFTP,服务器,copy start tftp,copy tftp start,copy run tftp,copy tftp run,(,合并,),config term,(,合并,),配置参数的来源,配置参数的来源,Config,Config,Console,RAM,NVRAM,NVRAM,Terminal,TFTP server,删除启动配置文件,copy running startup,copy startup running (,合并,),TFTP,服务器,Blank,000000,000000,erase start,config term,(,合并,),copy tftp run,(,合并,),copy tftp start,copy start tftp,copy run tftp,使用,copy run tftp,和,copy tftp run,命令,wg_ro_a#,copy running-config tftp,,Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1,Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg,.!!,1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec),,wg_ro_a#,copy tftp running-config,Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1,Source filename []? wgroa.cfg,Destination filename [running-config]?,Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg...,Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !,[OK - 1684/3072 bytes],,1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec),,Cisco,文件系统与设备,RAM,NVRAM,TFTP,服务器,Flash,flash:,system:,nvram:,tftp:,管理,IOS,映象文件,网络,服务器,FLASH,路由器,c2500-js-l_120-3.bin,,网络,服务器,映象文件备份的准备,确认可以访问到网络服务,路由器,网络,服务器,映象文件备份的准备,确认可以访问到网络服务,确认服务器上有足够的空间,,,路由器,,网络,服务器,映象文件备份的准备,确认可以访问到网络服务,确认服务器上有足够的空间,确认文件名,,路由器,,c2500-js-l_120-3.bin,,网络,服务器,映象文件备份的准备,路由器,,c2500-js-l_120-3.bin,,网络,服务器,确认可以访问到网络服务,确认服务器上有足够的空间,确认文件名,需要时在服务器上创建文件,wg_ro_a#,show flash,,System flash directory:,File Length Name/status,1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin,,[10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total],16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY),确认存贮空间并解析文件名,确认,Flash,中有足够空间来存放,IOS,映象文件,wg_ro_a#,copy flash tftp,Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin,Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1,Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]?,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,,10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec),wg_ro_a#,作映象文件的备份,在升级,IOS,前备份当前的映象文件,网络,服务器,FLASH,copy flash tftp,,wg_ro_a#,copy tftp flash,Address or name of remote host [10.1.1.1]?,Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin,Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]?,Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin...,Erase flash: before copying? [confirm],Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm],Erasing device... eeeee,(output omitted),...erased,Erase of flash: complete,Loading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,(output omitted),[OK - 10084696/20168704 bytes],Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0),10084696 bytes copied in 309.108 secs (32636 bytes/sec),wg_ro_a#,从网络升级,IOS,加载新的映象文件前对,Flash,作适当的文件删除,注意关于映象文件已经存在的提示信息,网络,服务器,FLASH,可视化目标,,,core_ server,10.1.1.1,255.255.255.0,wg_sw_a,10.1.1.10,255.255.255.0,wg_sw_l,10.1.1.120,255.255.255.0,wg_pc_a,wg_pc_l,...,console,10.1.1.121,255.255.255.0,e0/2,fa0/26,(port A),e0/2,e0,e0,fa0/26,(port A),fa0/1,fa0/12,fa0/24,core_sw_a,10.1.1.2,255.255.255.0,10.1.1.11,255.255.255.0,wg_ro_l,A/B,A/B,wg_ro_a,console,console,console,pod sw ro’s e0,A 10.1.1.10 10.1.1.11,B 10.1.1.20 10.1.1.21,C 10.1.1.30 10.1.1.31,D 10.1.1.40 10.1.1.41,E 10.1.1.50 10.1.1.51,F 10.1.1.60 10.1.1.61,G 10.1.1.70 10.1.1.71,H 10.1.1.80 10.1.1.81,I 10.1.1.90 10.1.1.91,J 10.1.1.100 10.1.1.101,K 10.1.1.110 10.1.1.111,L 10.1.1.120 10.1.1.121,通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容,:,在一个设备上利用,CDP,获取与其直接相邻的设备信息,用,Telnet,来获取远端设备的信息,清楚被加载,IOS,映象文件的位置,列出加载,IOS,映象文件的命令,本章总结,问题回顾,1. 哪个,CDP,命令用来获取某个指定直接相邻设备的,,信息,?,2.,哪些键的组合可以挂起一个,Telnet,会话?,3.,运行的配置内容可以源自于哪三个地方,?,4.,哪个,show,,命令列出了配置寄存器的值,?,。