单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,大豆进口贸易实务节选,大豆进口贸易实务节选大豆进口贸易实务节选大豆进口贸易实务（节选）基本术语FOB=FREE ON BOARD 离岸价,CNF=COST N FREIGHT到岸价,FLAT 实价,BASIS 基差,CBOT 芝加哥商品期货交易所,DCE大连商品期货交易所,SPREAD 跨月差,CNF,合同,FOSFAFederation of Oils,Seeds and Fats Association,GAFTAGrain And Feed Trading Association,价格组成背景,美国豆农,CBOT,压榨商,贸易商,FOMULAR,公式,CBOT,（芝加哥期货）,+,CNF(PREMIUM)(,升贴水）,=,FLAT,（实价）,PREMIUM/BASIS,价差,大,豆,价,格,人民币,/,吨,芝,加,哥,大,连,芝,加,哥,2,500,？,？,美,湾,2,600,？,？,大,连,2,500,？,？,黑,龙,江,2,300,？,？,北,京,2,550,？,？,PREMIUM/BASIS,价差,大,豆,价,格,人民币,/,吨,芝,加,哥,大,连,芝,加,哥,2,500,0,0,美,湾,2,600,100,100,大,连,2,500,0,0,黑,龙,江,2,300,-200,-200,北,京,2,550,50,50,公式的推论：,CBOT,（芝加哥期货）不等于,FLAT,（实价）,假设,FLAT,（实价）为,DCE,（大连期货），即,CBOT,不等于,DCE,价格组成物流背景,美国大豆出口装运港域：,PNW(PACIFIC AND WEST,美西）,15,US GULF(,美国海湾）,80,LAKERS(,五大湖地区）,5,价格组成,FOB,US GULF,美国海湾：,1,）,FOB St.Louis,圣路易斯离岸价,2,）,Barge Freight,驳船运费,3,）,Cost/Margin,成本,/,利润,4,）,FobbingFOB,装运费用,1,2,3,4,FOB US GULF,美国海湾离岸价,价格组成,CNF,US GULF N.CHINA,美国海湾至中国北方港,1,）,FOB US GULF,美国海湾离岸价,2,）,FREIGHT,海运费,3,）,Cost/Margin,成本,/,利润,1,2,3,CNF N.CHINA,中国北方港到岸价,影响价格的因素品质,合同条款：,1,。
基本品质,SPECIFICATIONS,2,扣价条款,ALLOWANCE,3,植检要求,PHYTOSANITORY,4,化学残留,CHMICAL RESIDUES,影响价格的因素品质,基本品质：美国,2,号黄大豆,US No.2 or better Yellow Soybeans,Moisture,水分,13.5%max,Protein,蛋白,34.5%basis,34.0%min,Oil Content,含油,18.5%basis,18.0%min,Test Weight per bushel,容重,54 pounds min,Foreign material,杂志,2.0%max,Total Damaged Kernels,总损,3.0%max,Heat damaged Kernels,热损,0.5%max,Splits,破碎粒,20.0%max,Soybeans of other colors,异色粒,2.0%max,影响价格的因素品质,扣价条款：,Basis for protein as per contract is 34.5%.Seller has to,deduct penalty for deficiency in protein below 34.5%at 1.0%price for 1%protein down to 34.0%min.Fractions in proportion.Protein above 34.5%is contractual and free to buyer.,按照合同蛋白以,34.5%,为基准。
如果蛋白低于,34.5,，最少为,34,，卖方必须按照合同价格,1,：,1,抵扣赔付小数按比例分摊蛋白超过,34.5,符合合同，毋须收费影响价格的因素品质,植检要求：,The soybeans supplied by the Sellers should be free from the following diseases,pests and weeds dangerous to plants in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Peoples Republic of China:,Arabis mosaic virus.,Callosobruchus analis(Fabricius),Callosobruchus phaseoli(Gyllenhall),Cuscuta spp.,Phytophthora megasperma Drechsl f.sp glycinea Kuan&Erwin,Sorghum almum parodi,Sorghum halepense(L.)pers.,Southern bean mosaic virus,Tobacco ringspot virus,Tomato ringspot virus,影响价格的因素品质,化学残留：,The chemical residues of the soybeans supplied by the sellers should not exceed the regulations stipulated by the AQSIQ,Peoples Republic of China and substantiated by qualified independent laboratory at Sellers choice at loading:,Arsenic compound shall be a maximum of 1PPM(one part per million calculated according to AS203 content).Mercuric compound shall not be found.,Phosphides shall be a maximum 0.05 PPM(0.05 part per million calculated according to the PH3 content),Cyanides shall be a maximum of 5 PPM(5 parts per million calculated according to the HCN content),Malathion shall be a maximum of 3 PPM(3 parts per million),Ethylens Debromide(EDB)content shall not exceed 10 PPB,(10 parts per billion).,案例品质,假设：以下价格均为,CNF,大连，船期、数量一致。
国内,43pro,豆粕价格每吨,2,100,元，四级豆油每吨,5,000,元请问：买哪一个产地的大豆最经济？,产地,蛋白,含油,价格,美湾,34.5%,20.0%,140SN,巴西,35.0%,21.5%,130SN,阿根廷,34.0%,19.5%,110SN,美西,33.5%,19.5%,120SN,影响价格的因素船期,合同条款：,During Jun.1,st,to Jun.15,th,2006,both dates included with FOSFA extension allowed.,船期为,2006,年,6,月,1,日至,6,月,15,日，包括头尾两天，,FOSFA,延期条款适用影响价格的因素船期,条款诠释：,1,提单日期在,2006,年,6,月,1,日至,6,月,15,日期间，含首尾两天，符合合同要求，没有额外费用提单日期早于,2006,年,6,月,1,日的，买方可以拒收提单日期晚于,2006,年,6,月,15,日的，按照,FOSFA,延期条款执行影响价格的因素船期,FOSFA,延期条款：,延期,1,、,2,、,3,、,4,天，扣除合同单价的,0.5,延期,5,、,6,天，扣除合同单价的,1.0,延期,7,、,8,天，扣除合同单价的,1.5,超过,8,天，买方有权重新议价。
影响价格的因素重量,合同条款：,60,000 metric tons,10%more or less at sellers option at contract price.,6,万吨，,10,增减，卖方选择，按照合同单价租船合同（,C/P,）类型,VOYAGE CHARTER,程租点到点的租船,TIME CHARTER,期租一个时间段的租船,租船合同风险点,程租：一个固定的运费在装运过程中，不受时间上的耽误而增加任何运费成本期租：一个浮动的运费运费成本最终的高低，取决于操作中对于运输、装卸货时间的掌控租船,FOB,租船的优劣势,减少,CNF,贸易中的运费成本,更精确调控装货时间，极大地满足生产和贸易的需要,多一份商业风险,装货港的协调、问题处理,交易风险的盲点,期货点价,中国买家,CNF,供货商,CBOT,期货点价条款,升贴水合同,点价保证金或者有效信用证,每次不少于,20,手,CBOT,日盘或者亚洲盘,转月,在第一交割通知日前一或两天完成点价或转月,截价时间,支付条款,LETTER OF CREDIT,（,L/C),信用证支付,SIGHT L/C,即期付款,USANCE L/C,远期付款,DOCUMENTS AGAINST PAYMENT(D/P),见单付款,DOCUMENTS AGAINST ACCEPTANCE(D/A),见单呈兑付款,L/C,条款,一个可被卖方接受的中国一类银行,100,，不可撤销，即期信用证,信用证金额允许,10,增减,议付地为议付行所在地,议付行不加限制,信用证有效期为提单日后,30,天或者,38,天,履约保证金条款,PERFORMANCE BOND,贸易前后的收取,人民币现金或美元保证金（,STANDY L/C),信用证支付,D/P,支付,开出有效信用证后的部分退款,最后,DEM/DES,（滞期,/,速遣）的清算,询价与实盘,产地,ORIGIN,数量,QUANTITY,船期,SHIPTMENT,到货港,DISPORT,卸货率,DISRATE,价格,PRICE,询价与实盘,卖方实盘,OFFER/ASK,买方实盘,(FIRM)BID,还盘,COUNTER OFFER,撤盘,WITHDRAW,确认,CONFIRM,询价与实盘,阿根廷大豆,FOB Upriver,报价,:,LH Jun6/12,FH Jul8/14,LH Jul9/15,Aug10/17,SepN/A,实价与升贴水合同,为什么要买实价？,为什么要买升贴水？,贸易中的政策与证书,GMO,转基因政策,MOA SAFETY CERT,农业部转基因安全证书,CIQ IMPORT PERMIT,商检进口许可证,操作以及对市场的影响,历史故事与未来展望,2004,年的大豆风波,中国压榨业的现状及发展趋势,大豆及大豆制品进口的展望,祝大家学习顺利，交易顺利！,谢谢！,21,、要知道对好事的称颂过于夸大，也会招来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。
培根,22,、业精于勤，荒于嬉；行。