2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Ideas about “spoiling” children haw always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling. They have always included concepts of a child’s nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adults.The many mothers of 1820 who belonged to the early “maternal associations” struggled to uphold the ideas about child raising that had been prevalent in the eighteenth century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the temptation of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.At first, the only approach these mother knew was to “break the will” of the child. This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote “No child has ever been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute of an evil disposition-however sweet it appears.” Infant depravity, by which was meant the child’s impulses, could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child submitted implicitly to parental guidance.In 1834, a mother described this technique: Upon the father’s order, her 16-month-old daughter had refused to say “Dear Mama”, so the toddler was alone in a room where she screamed wildly for ten minutes. After the ten minutes, the child was commanded again, and again she refused, so she was whipped and ordered again. This continued for four hours until the child finally obeyed. Parents commonly reported that after one such trial of “will”, the child became permanently submissive. In passing, we can note that knowledge about a child’s “No” period might have moderated the disciplining of little children and the application of the proverb “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness and sobriety. These moral principles fixed in the child’s character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces.1. When the author talks about ideas considered in “the spoiling of children”, he does not include ______.2. According to the article, the mothers of 1820 were determined to ______.3. Calvin is mentioned in this article to show ______.问题1选项A.the nature of a childB.attitudes of spoiled children when they become adultsC.reasons why spoiling occursD.consequences from spoiling a child问题2选项A.develop independence in their childrenB.avoid exposing their children to spiritual ruinC.broaden the experiences of their childrenD.set good examples of their children问题3选项A.the derivation of the stern outlook of the PuritansB.French influence in the discipline of childrenC.a dissenting view in the spoiling childrenD.how the reformation moderated the severe discipline【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。
由题干可以定位到文章第一段Ideas about “spoiling” children haw always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling. They have always included concepts of a child’s nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adults.（关于“溺爱”孩子的观点总是涉及到什么是被宠坏的孩子，溺爱是如何发生的，溺爱的后果是什么他们总是包括孩子的本性的概念和理想的孩子和理想的成人的概念）B选项“被宠坏的孩子长大成人后的态度”，文章所说的是理想的成人的概念，B选项正确A选项“孩子的天性”，文中提到孩子的天性，A选项可排除C选项“发生溺爱的原因”，文章有所提到，C选项可排除D选项“溺爱孩子的后果”，在文章中有所体现，D选项可排除因此B选项正确2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。
我们可以定位到文章第二段最后一句They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.（他们总是被告知，被宠坏的孩子在以后的生活中会有麻烦，更重要的是，有精神毁灭的危险）B选项“避免让他们的孩子受到精神的毁灭”，文章所说，被宠坏的孩子会有精神毁灭的危险，可推测1820年的母亲会避免孩子受到精神毁灭，因此B选项正确A选项“培养孩子的独立性”，文章没有提到这个内容，A选项可排除C选项“拓宽孩子们的经历”，文章没有提到拓宽孩子的经历，C选项可排除D选项“为孩子们树立好榜样”，文章没有提到为孩子树立榜样，D选项可排除因此B选项正确3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题由题干我们可以定位到文章第三段第二句This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans.（这种方法最初来自法国新教改革家加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉的观点）。
A选项“清教徒严厉观点的由来”，文章所说，加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉观点的由来，因此A选项正确B选项“法国对儿童管教的影响”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除C选项“对溺爱孩子的不同意见”，文章没有提到，加尔文的观点是对溺爱孩子对的不同意见，C选项可排除D选项“宗教改革是如何缓和严格的纪律的”，文章并没有提到宗教改革，D选项可排除因此A选项正确2. 单选题The government and Microsoft plan to sell around the world Britain’s new system for online transactions between citizens and government after its successful launch in the UK. A key step in the government’s $1.4 billion e-government program has been online payment for the Inland Revenues pay-as-you-earn scheme, some Customs and Excise value added tax procedure, and claims for European Union subsidies for farmers all go live in the past month. At a presentation in Seattle today, Bill Gates, Microsoft’s co-founder and chairman, will demonstrate the British system to 400 government officials from 80 countries to show how citizens and businesses can interact with government over the Internet.“Although some US states are using leading edge technology, Europe in general, and the UK in particular, is well ahead in implementing e-government initiatives. It should put the citizen at the center of the government,” says Davide Vigano, general manager of public sector at the software group, “The projects have been implemented in just 15 weeks using Microsoft’s net technology,” said Andrew Pinder, the government’s e-envoy. “This is a key piece of infrastructure, brought in on time and on budget,” he said.The secure transaction technology is to be rolled out through about 200 central government departments and agencies and 482 local government institutions over the next five years in the drive to have all of the government online by 2005. The successful implementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise software business and has targeted e-government. It has about 1, 000 staff dedicated to government business.“This is a milestone for Microsoft,” said Barry Goffe, group manager, net enterprise solutions at the Redwood, Washington state-based company. “Two years ago, when the technology for successful integration did not exist, we would have walked away.” The hardware was supplied by Dell, and the servers are managed by Cable and Wireless. The technology is based on XML, a new language protocol that allows information to be labeled and then easily exchanged between computers on different platforms. “People want to hang on to their legacy systems which have been massive investments, but integrating these has proven difficult and expensive in the past. It’s astonishing how the friction has been wiped out by XML, which reduces paperwork, reduces complexity and slashes costs,” said Mr. Goffe.1. The e-government software is part of Microsoffs ______.2. Two years ago, the e-government program was still impossible due to the lack of ______.问题1选项A.enterprise software businessB.most profit-making productsC.secure transaction technologyD.most sophisticated technology问题2选项A.advanced hardwareB.efficient severs managementC.the language protocol XMLD.research funding【答案】第1题:A第2题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。
根据题干，可以定位到文章第三段第二句The successful implementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise software business and has targeted e-government. It has about 1, 000 staff dedicated to government business.（这一成功实施对微软来说是一场政变，微软正试图建立自己的企业软件业务，并将目标对准了电子政府）A选项“软件企业”，根据文章内容，微软把电子政府作为软件企业，A选项正确B选项“最赚钱的产品”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除C选项“安全交易技术”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D选项“最精湛技术”，不符合题意，可排除因此正确答案为A选项2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句The technology is based on XML, a new language protocol that allows information to be labeled and then easily exchanged between computers on different platforms.（该技术基于XML，这是一种新的语言协议，允许对信息进行标记，然后在不同平台上的计算机之间轻松交换）。
由此可推测，两年前电子政府不可能是因为缺乏语言协议XMLC选项“语言协议XML”符合题意，C选项正确A选项“硬件强化”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除B选项“高效的塞维管理”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D选项“研究经费”，文章所说，整合这些系统既困难又昂贵，XML降低了复杂性，并削减了成本，因此D选项可排除因此正确答案为C选项3. 翻译题中国人讲究“义利相兼，以义为先”中非关系最大的“义”，就是用中国发展助力非洲的发展、最终实现互利共赢、共同发展中方支持非洲人以非洲方式解决非洲问题，主张解决安全问题要标本兼治、综合施策在工业、基础设施建设、投资和贸易便利化等领域，中非合作将为双方企业投资和贸易提供更多机会，从而提高非洲产业竞争力，弥补非洲基础设施缺口在现代农业、绿色发展、减贫惠民等方面的合作，将促进中非企业分享先进技术和建立可持续发展模式，增强自主发展能力，提高公共治理水平答案】Chinese people pay attention to the phase of righteousness and concurrently to righteousness first. China-Africa relations the righteousness of the biggest boost Africa’s development is to use China’s development, Ultimately achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. The common development of China’s support of the African people in Africa way solve the problem of Africa, argues that to solve security problems to treat both comprehensive ShiCe. In the industrial areas such as infrastructure construction investment and trade facilitation, china-Africa cooperation will provide more opportunities for both business investment and trade, to improve industrial competitiveness, Africa gaps African infrastructure Green development in modern agricultureCooperation in poverty reduction and people’s well-being will encourage Chinese and African companies to share advanced technologies, establish sustainable development models, enhance their capacity for independent development and improve public governance.4. 单选题The mouth of the Amazon River has long been a starting place for hunters going to the jungles of Brazil. In recent years it has been, too, the headquarters for a middle-aged American couple who hunt the smallest living things and perhaps the most deadly-viruses. Dr. Causey and his wife have discovered more new types and more old ones in new places than all of the other search teams.Dr. Causey insists that the couple’s success is due more to the number of viruses in the forests of the Amazon than to the skill he and his wife have developed during their eighteen years of work in Brazil.“We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard,” he told me one day as we walked through a light train along a jungle trail.“Oh, these viruses are here all right. There is in the jungle a great pool of disease which is carried in the blood of animals and birds. Some of the diseases can be caught by people. It may be that we shall find that the jungle is a great center of virus disease and that it overflows from here to other parts of the world. It may be that birds carry the viruses to far countries. It may be that some viruses which presently reproduce in man without making him ill, may change and become deadly to him. ‘Viruses waiting for a disease,’ they are sometimes called. This is just an idea, you understand. We do not know, but it is important that we find out, and the first step in finding out is to learn what viruses there are in the jungles.”There is a Brazilian story about the beginning of the world which goes: When God was making the world he tried to keep everything in balance. When he made a desert, he provided it with some green places. When he made a land that was beautiful, he gave it storms and other terrible things caused by the weather. Where the earth was rich below the surface, it was also made hard to live on. Where the land could be farmed, the weather was made too hot or too cold or too dry. Where there was enough water, God made it so that there should sometimes be too much water.“But in one place God made a land that was rich, where everything grew easily. Where it was not too hot and certainly not too cold, where animals were plentiful and fruit hung from the trees all the year round.”“The angels looked at this loveliness and were jealous of man.” They asked God if this was not too beautiful, too much like heaven, this valley of the Amazon.“And God said, True, this land looks like heaven, but wait until you see what happens to man when he tries to live in it.”1. The Causeys chose the mouth of the Amazon as their headquarters______.2. According to Dr. Causey, the success of his wife and himself was mainly due to ______.3. Which of the following is true?4. When Dr. Causey said, “We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard”, he meant ______.5. The central idea of the Brazilian legend is that ______.问题1选项A.in order to hunt animals of the junglesB.because it was the starting point of most huntersC.because they did not want to stay in the jungleD.in order to have easy access to the jungle问题2选项A.their 18 years of work in BrazilB.their rich and incomparable experienceC.a large amount of viruses in the Amazon forestD.their well-chosen headquarters at the mouth of River Amazon问题3选项A.The jungle is the only place where we can find viruses.B.The Causeys went to Brazil to look for viruses and wild animals.C.Viruses are only carried in the blood of animals.D.Not all viruses are, at present, harmful to man.问题4选项A.new viruses have just been discoveredB.his discovery was a bit frighteningC.he and his wife were surrounded by harmful virusesD.his job was uninteresting at all问题5选项A.things in nature tend to be balancedB.the Amazon is the best place God has createdC.even God cannot do everything perfectlyD.there is not such a place as heaven in this world【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。
由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句The mouth of the Amazon River has long been a starting place for hunters going to the jungles of Brazil.（长期以来，亚马逊河口一直是猎人前往巴西丛林的起点）B选项“因为这是大多数猎人的起点”，B选项符合题意，因此B选项正确A选项“来猎取丛林里的动物”，文章只是说猎捕最小的生物，可排除A选项C选项“因为他们不想呆在丛林里”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D选项“以便方便地进入丛林”，文章没有提到是为了方便进入丛林，才把总部设在河口，可排除D选项因此B选项为正确答案2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题我们可以定位到文章第二段Dr. Causey insists that the couple’s success is due more to the number of viruses in the forests of the Amazon than to the skill he and his wife have developed during their eighteen years of work in Brazil.（Causey博士坚持认为，这对夫妇的成功更多是由于亚马逊森林里的病毒数量，而不是他和妻子在巴西工作的18年所培养的技能。
根据凯西博士的话语推测他们的成功离不开亚马逊森林里的病毒C选项“亚马逊森林里有大量的病毒”符合文章内容，C选项正确A选项“他们在巴西工作了18年”，文章所说他们的成功不是因为18年的工作所培养的技能，A选项排除B选项“他们丰富而无可比拟的经验”，文章所说，不是由于他们18年所培养的技能，B选项可排除D选项“他们精心挑选的亚马逊河口总部”，文章第二段没有提到此内容，可排除因此C选项为正确答案3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题D选项“目前，并非所有的病毒都对人类有害”，文章所说“有些目前在人体内繁殖而不使人生病的病毒”，D选项正确A选项“丛林是唯一能找到病毒的地方”，说法过于绝对，可排除B选项“Causeys去了巴西寻找病毒和野生动物”，他们主要是为了抓捕小动物，B选项可排除C选项“病毒只在动物的血液中携带”，文章所说，有些疾病会被人类感染，并带到其他地方，因此C选项可排除因此D选项为正确答案4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题通过题干我们可以定位到文章第三段“We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard,” he told me one day as we walked through a light train along a jungle trail.（我们在自家后院发现了最可爱的疾病，一天，当我们走过一条丛林小径的轻轨时，他对我说），因此可推测，凯西夫妇居住周围，都围绕着病毒。
C选项“他和他的妻子被有害的病毒包围着”，符合文章内容，C选项正确A选项“新病毒刚刚被发现”，确实发现了病毒，但不确定是不是新的病毒，A选项可排除B选项“他的发现有点吓人”，文章提到发现的病毒是最可爱的，因此可推测，他们愿意发现病毒，B选项可排除D选项“他的工作一点也不有趣”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D因此C选项为正确答案5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题通过题干我们可以定位到文章倒数第四段第一句There is a Brazilian story about the beginning of the world which goes: When God was making the world he tried to keep everything in balance.（有一个关于世界起源的巴西故事：当上帝创造世界的时候，他试图让一切保持平衡）A选项“自然界的事物往往是平衡的”符合文章内容，因此A选项正确B选项“亚马逊是上帝创造的最好的地方”，文中所说天使们认为亚马逊是很像天堂的地方，但是上帝却说住在这里的人会发生什么事是不确定的，因此B选项可排除C选项“即使上帝也不能把每件事都做得完美”，选项的意思是贴切的，但不是传说的中心思想，因此C选项可排除。
D选项“这个世界上没有天堂这样的地方”，不符合句意，可排除因此A选项为正确答案5. 单选题On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids aged 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let’s face it, who’s got the time?1. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means ______.2. According to the author: the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is ______.3. According to the author a child develops better if ______.4. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids______.5. We can infer from the passage that______.问题1选项A.children have little time to play with their parentsB.children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC.parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeD.both parents and children have trouble managing their time问题2选项A.quite convincingB.partially trueC.totally groundlessD.rather confusing问题3选项A.he has plenty of time reading and studyingB.he is left to play with his peers in his own wayC.he has more time participating in school activitiesD.he is free to interact with his working parents问题4选项A.are engaged in more and more structured activitiesB.are increasingly neglected by their working mothersC.are spending more and more time watching TVD.are involved less and less in household work问题5选项A.extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligenceB.most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched offC.efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitfulD.most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。
根据题干，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Children are affected by the same time crunch(危机) that affects their parents.（孩子们和他们的父母一样，也受到时间短缺的影响）C选项“父母和孩子都因缺乏闲暇时间而受苦”，根据文章内容，C选项符合句意，因此C选项正确A选项“孩子们几乎没有时间和父母一起玩”，不符合题意，可排除B选项“孩子们没有得到工作的父母很好的照顾”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除D选项“父母和孩子都在管理他们的时间上有困难”，不符合题意，可排除因此C选项为正确答案2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】作者意图题根据题干我们可以定位到文章第二段第一句Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents.（孩子们的影响同时紧缩（危机），影响他们的父母）B选项“部分正确”，B选项符合句意A选项“十分信服”，作者并没有认为她给出的理由是十分信服的C选项“完全没有事实根据”，不符合题意，可排除D选项“令人困惑的”，不符合题意，可排除。
因此B选项为正确答案3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题A选项“他有大量的时间阅读和学习”，文中最后一段所说孩子们每周花在阅读上的时间只有一个多小时，因此A可排除B选项“他只能以自己的方式和同龄人玩游戏”，这里符合文章倒数第二段内容“自由玩耍鼓励孩子们独立思考，并允许他们与同龄人协商他们的关系”，因此可推测和同龄人玩耍会使孩子发展得更好，因此B选项正确C选项“他有更多的时间参加学校活动”，参加学校活动，导致儿童的闲暇时间减少，因此不利于儿童发展，C选项可排除D选项“他可以自由地和他上班的父母交流”，文章所说由于父母上班，导致儿童与父母之间的交流减少，因此D选项可排除因此B选项为正确答案4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题由题干可以定位到文中第一段第二句They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet.（她们也做更多的家务，参加更多的有组织的活动，如足球和芭蕾舞A选项“are engaged in more and more structured activities”（正在参与越来越多的有组织的活动），符合文章所说的内容，儿童参加越来越多有组织的活动，因此A选项正确。
B选项“越来越多的小孩被工作的母亲所忽视”，文章所说，只是两者之间交流时间减少，因此不符合题意，可排除。