2021 年成人英语三级考试虚拟语气用法总结 在英文中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示,谓语动词也要相应的变化 虚拟语气是英语三级考试的必考知识点之一,也是表达英汉语言习惯区别的一个语法 现象在汉语里表示假设虚拟的情况常用一些虚词来表示,例如“假设〞、“如果〞等,而英文 中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示,谓语动词也要相应的变化 虚拟语气的根本作用是: (1)表达假设的情况与事实相反;(2)表达异想天开很难实现的愿望;(3)表达建议命令劝告 等语气 本局部重点讲 if 引导的虚拟条件句, 含蓄条件句、 特殊结构中虚拟语气, should+ 及 动词原形的用法 1、虚拟语气的根本形式和用法 虚拟(条件)语气中,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类: 假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 与现在事实相反 If+动词的过去式 (be 用 were 而不用 was)would(第一人称可用 should)+ 动词原形 与过去事实相反 If+had+过去分词 would(第一人称可用 should)+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 If+were to+动词原形或 If+should+动词原形 would(第一人称可用 should)+动词原形 下面我们列举今年的真题来强化记忆。
例 1 Mary said to me,“Had I seen your bag,I ____ _ it to you.〞 A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned 【答案】D(2004 年 4 月 45 题) 例 2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I ____ _ him. A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came 【答案】C(1995 年 38 题) 例 3 If Bob ____ _ with us,he would have had a good time. A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came【答案】C(1995 年 59 题) 1、省略 if 的虚拟形式 在虚拟条件句中, 如谓语包含 were,had,should 等词, 那么可以把这些词放到主语前面, 省略 if 例 1 ____ the advice of his friends,he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken 【答案】D(2004 年 4 月 32 题) 例 2 ___ ,I should ask them some questions. A.Should they come to us B.If they come to us C.Were they come to us D.Had they come to us 【答案】A(1997 年 30 题) 例 3 ____ ,you were busy,I would′t have bothered you with my questions. A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized 【答案】B(1996 年 39 题) 2、含蓄条件句 有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示,而用其他方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条 件句。
常用 with,without,but for 引导 例 1 Without heat and sunlight,plants on the earth _____ well. A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown 【答案】A(2004 年 11 月 32 题) 例 2 But for my classmates′help,I ____ the work in time. A.did not finish B.could not finish C.will not finish D.would not have finished 【答案】A(2004 年 11 月 32 题) 例 3 But for the rain,we _____ a nice holiday.A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.will have had 【答案】B(2003 年 4 月 28 题) 3、特殊词或结构中的虚拟语气 (1)以 wish(that)引导的表示“愿望〞的宾语从句。
wish 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中 从句时态的应用表示现在或将来的愿望用:主语+wish+从句(主语+过去时);表示一个过去 没有实现的愿望用:主语+wish+从句(主语+过去完成时) 例 1 I didn′t go to the party,but I do wish I _____ there. A.were B.would be C.had been D.will be 【答案】C(2001 年 53 题) 例 2 Peter wishes that he ____ law instead of literature when he was in college. A.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study 【答案】C(2000 年 53 题) (2)if only+句子(过去时/过去完成时)“要是……就好了〞 If only 后面的句子如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟, 用过去时 did;如果是对过去情况的 虚拟,用过去完成时 had done要注意与 if 区别,if 只表示假设,意为“如果〞,用真实语气。
而 if only 表示不可能实现的情况,用虚拟语气 例: If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响就好了对过去虚拟) If only I were rich.要是我富有就好了对现在虚拟) (3)would rather+句子(过去时) 表示宁愿、宁可的意愿,语气比拟婉转,后接过去式 例 1 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ____ next month for a dinner. A e B.would come C.came D.have come 【答案】C(2002 年 46 题) 例 2 I′d ____ you didn′touch that,if you don′t mind. A.rather B.better C.happier D.further【答案】A(1998 年 45 题) (4)it is time (that),。