2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The work was almost complete when we received orders to （ ）no further with it.问题1选项A.progressB.proceedC.marchD.promote【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析progress意为“进步”；proceed意为“进行”proceed with意为“继续做”；march意为“”（坚定地向某地）前进；promote意为“促进，推进”句意：当我们接到命令不再继续进行下去时，这项工作几乎完成了2. 单选题Although there was a lot more to say, Stephen （ ）from further questions.问题1选项A.reflectedB.strainedC.refrainedD.resisted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析reflect意为“反射（光、热、声或影像）”；strain意为“拉紧，拉伤”；refrain意为“抑制，克制”refrain from意为“忍住”；resist意为“抵抗，抗拒”。
句意：虽然还有更多的话要说，斯蒂芬忍住进一步的问题3. 单选题Military orders are（ ）and cannot be disobeyed.问题1选项A.defectiveB.submissiveC.alternativeD.imperative【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析defective意为“有缺陷的，不完美的”；submissive意为“顺从的”；alternative意为“替代的”；imperative意为“必要的，不可避免的”句意：军事命令是绝对服从的，不能违抗4. 单选题Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?问题1选项A.You must leave immediately.B.You must be feeling rather tired.C.You must be here by eight o’clock.D.You must complete reading assignment on time.【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词题干：下面哪个句子表达“可能性”？must作情态动词，可以表示命令或推测。
B选项表示推测，其他选项表示命令5. 单选题We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night, is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a m one week, 8 a.m to 4 p.m the next, and 4 p. in to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence（发生率）of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.1.Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not a mere academic question?2.The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in （ ）.3.The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be（ ）. 4.It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because（ ）. 5.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?问题1选项A.Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B.Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.问题2选项A.the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introductionB.the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequentlyC.the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD.the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers问题3选项A.to change shifts at longer intervalsB.to have longer shiftsC.to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD.to create better living conditions for night workers问题4选项A.people have higher temperatures when they are working efficientlyB.body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC.the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD.body temperature changes with the cycle of sleep and wakefulness问题5选项A.Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker’s performance.B.The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.C.Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.D.Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。
由文章第二段中The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night, is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines.（例如，人们可以轻松地从白天工作到晚上工作，这是一个在自动化工业中越来越重要的问题，在这个行业中，要求机器全天候运转） 可知选C第2题:细节事实题由文章第二段中Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m one week, 8 a.m to 4 p.m the next, and 4 p.m to 12 midnight the third and so on.（不幸的是，在工业中，每周都会发生变化；一个人每周可以从午夜12点工作到每周8点，第二天晚上8点到下午4点，下午4点到12点，以此类推）可知选B。
第3题:细节事实题由文章第三段中The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把轮班交付给一些长期的夜间工人）可知选C 第4题:推理判断题由文章最后一段中One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; particularly in terms of performance.（知道一个人何时适应的方法是测量他的体温从事正常日间工作的人在清醒的时候会有较高的温度，晚上则会有较低的温度；特别是在工作表现方面）可知选A第5题:推理判断题由文章第二段中The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把轮班交付给一些长期的夜间工人）和最后一段中So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.（然而，到目前为止，这种选择形式似乎还没有在实践中得到应用）可知选B。
6. 单选题The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologist seemed （ ）to him, but one day he discovered their difference.问题1选项A.identicalB.verticalC.parallelD.specific【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析identical意为“相同的，同一的”；vertical意为“垂直的，竖立的”；parallel意为“平行的”；specific意为“明确的”句意：野生动物技术人员和生物学家的工作对他来说似乎是一样的，但有一天他发现了它们的不同之处7. 单选题Some hard plastics can be （ ）metals in manufacturing machine parts.问题1选项A.substituted forB.taken the place ofC.replaced inD.given way to【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析substitute for意为“替代，取代”；take the place of意为“代替”，一般指取代某人的位置；replace in意为“以……代替”，replace后直接接宾语；give way to意为“向……让步，被……替代”。
句意：在生产机器零件时，一些硬塑料可以取代金属8. 单选题As educational levels rise and information technology accelerates, the distinction between "managers" and "workers" will （ ）and management knowledge will be everyone's responsibility.问题1选项A.fade awayB.pass awayC.slip awayD.wash away【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析fade away意为“消失，衰弱”；pass away意为“（时间等）消磨掉”；slip away意为“悄没声息地溜走”；wash away意为“冲走，清洗”句意：随着教育水平的提高和信息技术的加速，“管理者”与“员工”之间的区别将逐渐消失，管理知识将是每个人的责任9. 单选题After （ ）seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.问题1选项A.thatB.itC.whatD.there【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。
分析句子，可知句中缺少主语，因此用what引导名词性从句并在句中作主语；that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分句意：在漫长的等待之后，轮到他进入人事经理办公室了10. 单选题（ ）for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.问题1选项A.Had it not beenB.Hadn’t it beenC.Was it notD.Were it not【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气由后面句子可知是对过去的虚拟，因此主句用过去完成时当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were、should、had时，我们可以将连词if省略掉，而将were、should、 had置于句首had it not been for the fact = if it had not been for the fact句意：要不是她摔断了腿，她或许会通过考试11. 单选题The medicine（ ）his pain but did not cure his illness.问题1选项A.activatedB.mediatedC.alleviatedD.deteriorated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
activate意为“使活动，触发”；mediate意为“调解，调停”；alleviate意为“减轻，缓和”；deteriorate意为“使恶化”句意：药物缓解了他的疼痛，但并没有治愈他的疾病12. 单选题The government has a big role to play in creating laws that protects earth’s natural water resources from total destruction and （ ）information to the public with ways and means to conserve water.问题1选项A.dispersingB.annotatingC.announcingD.disseminating【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析disperse意为“（使）分散，驱散”；annotate意为“注解，注释”；announce意为“宣布，宣告”；disseminate意为“散布，传播”句意：政府在制定保护地球自然水资源免遭全面破坏的法律方面发挥着重要作用，通过各种方法向公众宣传信息提倡节约用水。
13. 单选题Do you know what a resolution is? it's a promise. Most promises are made（1）other people("Mom, I promise I’ll tidy my room when I get back from the beach"). （2）resolutions are promises that you make to yourself. And New year's resolutions are resolutions that people make at the beginning of the year in the（3）that they will improve their lives. Some people write down their resolutions to remember them. But（4）the resolution is important enough, you（5） have to write it down to remember it.There are different kinds of resolutions. Some relate to（6）health such as starting a workout program or（7）the amount of junk food that you eat. Many have to do with self improvement, such as（8）a hobby live painting or photography, or learning a musical instrument. Then there are resolutions that have to do with being better organized. （9）here might include using a weekly planner or organizing your school notes into folder.Despite these differences, there is one thing that most resolutions have（10）. People hardly ever keep them. The resolutions are too difficult to keep. For people simply forget. For this reason, some people argue that the best resolution is simply not to make any resolutions!问题1选项A.forB.byC.toD.with问题2选项A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.LikewiseD.Incidentally问题3选项A.resolveB.assumptionC.pledgeD.hope问题4选项A.asB.ifC.thoughD.because问题5选项A.shouldn’tB.couldn’tC.mustn’tD.wouldn’t问题6选项A.normalB.mentalC.publicD.physical问题7选项A.determiningB.increasingC.limitingD.retaining问题8选项A.taking upB.giving upC.holding downD.laying do问题9选项A.ExceptionsB.ExamplesC.SamplesD.Variations问题10选项A.in conclusionB.in diversityC.in commonD.in favor【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:B第10题:C【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。
make promise to意为“对……许下承诺”第2题:考查副词辨析however意为“然而”，表转折关系，常作插入语；nevertheless意为“然而，不过”，表示尽管作出完全让步，也不会发生任何影响；likewise意为“同样地”；incidentally意为“顺便”第3题:考查上下文语义由后面they will improve their live可知新年决心表达的是一种美好的愿望，一种希望，因此选D第4题:考查上下文语义由前面的“有些人写下了他们的决心来记住他们”，此处表示转折关系，因此填though（虽然，尽管）第5题:考查上下文语义此处表示尽管决心很重要，但你不必一定要把它写下来，因此填mustn’t（不必）第6题:考查上下文语义由such as starting a workout program（锻炼计划）or ___ the amount of junk food that you eat可知与身体有关，因此填physical，physical health意为“身体健康”第7题:考查上下文语义or表示并列关系，由前面的“开始锻炼计划”可知此表示“限制垃圾食品”，因此填limiting。
第8题:考查上下文语义由前面Many have to do with self improvement（许多人必须自我改进）可推测此处表示开始一个新的爱好，因此填taking up（开始，从事）第9题:考查上下文语义由后面的using a weekly planner or organizing your school notes into folder可知这里是举例说明，因此填examples（例子）第10题:考查上下文语义由前面的Despite these differences（尽管有这些差异），但有一个大部分决心是相同的，因此填in common（共有的，相同的）14. 翻译题Adversity (逆境) refers to the difficulties and setbacks confronted by people in life. Adversity exists in everyone's life. It plays an important role in the process of people’s growth and maturity. People's attitude towards adversity determines its influence on them. Adopting a positive attitude towards adversity will maturate our personality Therefore, adversity is actually a challenge and trial, which can bring ones potential into full play. It can help drive away one's laziness and perfect oneself in the fight against difficulties. That is the significance of adversity.【答案】逆境是指人们在生活中遇到的困难和挫折。
逆境存在于每个人的生活中它在人们的成长和成熟过程中起着重要的作用人们对待逆境的态度决定了它对他们的影响对逆境采取积极的态度将使我们的个性成熟，因此逆境实际上是一种挑战和考验，它能使人潜能充分发挥它能帮助人赶走懒惰，在对抗困难的斗争中完善自己这就是逆境的意义15. 单选题The banknotes which had fooled many bank tellers were discovered to be （ ）.问题1选项A.artificialB.defectiveC.counterfeitD.faulty【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析artificial意为“人工的，人造的”；defective意为“有缺点的”；counterfeit意为“伪造的，仿造的”；faulty意为“不完美的，有错误的”句意：欺骗了许多银行出纳员的钞票被发现是假币16. 单选题Many in the business world accept that the success of a commercial venture heavily dependent on the people working within it. People are（1）make a business successful, whether it is the lowest paid employees within the organization or（2）management. Engaged employees are usually happy employees who are more（3）as they have a natural and genuine interest in the（4）of the organization.Staff becomes engaged because of a number of issues and it is essential that business owners and managers（5）these emotions. However, the first part of ensuring that people are connected with a common goal is to get recruitment（6）. Recruiting should include a number of questions（7）at getting an understanding of a person's motivations and desires. Once recruited, communication is key to ensuring that levels of engagement do not wane. For instance, change is often（8）with workers. However they are far more likely to（9）into change when the reasons for it and the potential benefits are clearly laid out.Instilling a sense of pride and passion in a brand, product or ethos is vital in（10）engaged employees. If people enjoy what they do and feel empowered to shape the direction of a company, they are far more likely to produce better results and work to the best of their ability.问题1选项A.whoB.howC.thatD.what问题2选项A.seniorB.chiefC.highD.tall问题3选项A.productiveB.effectiveC.validD.available问题4选项A.estatesB.assetsC.fortunesD.possessions问题5选项A.applyB.utilizeC.executeD.hire问题6选项A.wellB.overC.rightD.up问题7选项A.aimedB.focusedC.intendedD.engaged问题8选项A.addictiveB.unpopularC.satisfyingD.rewarding问题9选项A.shiftB.fallC.buyD.revolve问题10选项A.bearingB.raisingC.feedingD.delivering【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B【解析】第1题:考查连词。
分析句子结构，可知“（ ）make a business successful”为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，排除how与that，再根据句意“人是使企业成功的关键”，因此用what引导表示从句并在句中做主语第2题:考查上下文语义or表示并列关系，由前面的the lowest paid employees within the organization（组织内薪酬最低的员工）可知此处对应的是“高级管理层”，因此选A第3题:考查形容词辨析productive意为“多产的”；effective意为“有效的”；valid意为“有根据的，有效的”；available意为“可获得的”此处表示有参与感的员工通常是多产的第4题:考查名词辨析estate意为“财产，遗产”；asset意为“资产，财产”；fortune意为“命运”；possession意为“拥有”此处表示关注组织的命运第5题:考查动词辨析apply意为“应用，运用”；utilize意为“利用，使用”；execute意为“执行”；hire意为“聘用”此处表示企业主和管理者必须利用这些情绪第6题:考查副词辨析well意为“相当，大大地”；over意为“穿过，落下”；right意为“合理地，正确地”；up意为“向上，在上面”；get recruitment意为“招聘”，后面的内容提到如何招聘，可推测此处指正确地招聘，因此选C。
第7题:考查固定搭配aim at意为“旨在，目标在于”此句表示招聘应包括一些问题旨在了解一个人的动机和愿望第8题:考查上下文语义be unpopular with意为“不受欢迎”，此处表示改变往往不受员工欢迎第9题:考查动词辨析shift意为“改变”；fall意为“落下”；buy意为“购买”；revolve意为“旋转，环绕”此处表示当明确说明其原因和潜在利益时，他们更有可能发生改变第10题:考查上下文语义bear意为“忍受”；raise意为“增加，提高”；feed意为“喂养”；deliver意为“发表，递送”由后面的produce better results and work to the best of their ability（获得更好的结果，并能最大限度地发挥他们的能力）可推测前面指提高员工的参与度，因此选B17. 单选题Hurricanes are killer winds, and their （ ）power lies in the physical damage they can do.问题1选项A.cumulativeB.destructiveC.turbulentD.prevalent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
cumulative意为“累积的”；destructive意为“破坏性的”；turbulent意为“骚乱的，混乱的”；prevalent意为“流行的，盛行的”句意：飓风是致命风，它们的破坏性力量在于它们所能造成的身体伤害18. 单选题The government gave a very（ ）explanation of its plans for industrial development.问题1选项A.understandingB.comprehensiveC.compulsoryD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析understanding意为“善解人意的，富有同情心的”；comprehensive意为“详尽的，综合性的，全部的”；compulsory意为“必须做的，强制性的”；sophisticated意为“复杂的”句意：政府给出了一个对其工业发展计划十分全面的解释19. 单选题Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought（ ）a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.问题1选项A.as forB.in view ofC.in case ofD.such as【答案】D【解析】考查介词辨析。
as for意为“关于”；in view of 意为“由于，鉴于”；in case of意为“万一，如果”；such as意为“例如”句意：研究表明，能够极大地给人幸福感的东西不能买到，例如好的家庭生活、友谊和工作满足感20. 单选题Britain’s press is unusual（ ）it is divided into two very different types of newspaper.问题1选项A.in howB.in whatC.in whichD.in that【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句空格前面为两个完整的句子，缺少连词连接，in that意为“因为，原因是”，引导原因状语从句句意：英国的印刷业与众不同，因为它被分成两种不同类型的报纸。