Grammar and usage学案第一部分：重点讲解短语动词通常以动词为中心，通常由动词加副词或介词构成英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释义，很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义有的短语动词相当于及物动词，有的则相当于不及物动词英语中有相当多的动词常和其他词类一起连用，构成短语动词(phrasal verb)1. 短语动词的构成. (1)．动词+介词如：bring about引起 look about 环顾四周 seek for寻找 burst into 闯入 turn into使变成 look into调查 see to 处理 devote to贡献给 deal with处理 glance at匆匆一瞥 work at干…… aim at向…瞄准 differ from与…不同 result from由于 insist on坚持 rely on依靠 bring in引进 hope for希望得到combine with联合 lead to导致，通向 set about着手 look after照顾，照料 listen to听 wait for等待 insist on坚持 look at看 depend on(upon)依靠 look for寻找 meet with遇见。
(2)． 动词+副词如：give out发出 give up放弃 turn out生产 pick out挑选 put out熄灭 go on继续 come out 出来 set off出发 bring about引起 think over考虑 wake up醒来 clear away清除掉put away收起 die away消失 call back回 look back回顾 walk back走回break down坏了calm down平静下来 get down咽下 come up上来 blow up爆炸 turn up出现 show off炫耀give off散发 take off脱下 break out发生 blow out吹灭 run out 用完 (3)． 动词+副词+介词如：look forward to盼望，catch up with赶上，go on with继续add up to总计 keep away from不靠近look down on轻视 keep up with赶上 make up for弥补 get on with相处 get close to接近get out of逃避,避免 do away with废除 do well in在…干得好 put up with忍受 look up with仰望,尊敬 run out of用完 go on with继续 get down to认真开始 break away from 脱离，背离 (4)． 动词+名词如：have a look看一看， have a try试一试， make an appointment约会， take place发生，make way 前进，make a discovery发现。
(5)． 动词+名词+介词如：take part in参加，take care of看管，维护，注意，take notice of注意，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，give place to让位于，give rise to引起，导致 (6)． 及物动词(+直接宾语)+介词+名词如：take ... into account / consideration把……考虑进去 (7)． 及物动词(+直接宾语) +介词( +介词宾语)如：translate ... into ...把……译成……，protect ... from ...使……免受……; fix one’s eyes on ; (8)． 系动词+形容词+介词如：be similar to ...类似于……，be familiar with ...对……熟悉，be beneficial to ...有益于……，be equal to ...等于，相当于……,be addicted to…对…上瘾2. 短语动词使用时须注意的几点(1) 在短语动词中,副词可以放在动词宾语前或后但是如果宾语是代词，则应放在动词和副词之间如： The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony. He has put aside a little money for a rainy day. 他积蓄了一点钱以备不时之需。
When you do not understand a new word,you can look it up in this dictionary.This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.（2）在带有介词的短语动词中，介词的宾语总是紧随其后的We have brought in a good harvest for three years .We’ve just come across an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holidays.（3）有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语，这时他们相当于不及物动词如：Mr Wang’s new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.The crowd broke up after the football games. 足球比赛结束后，人们四处散开。
4）同一动词，后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词如： break down坏了；跨了 break up拆散；解体；驱散 break in闯入；插话 break off忽然停止讲话；断绝 break out爆发；逃出 break through冲破；突破；战胜 不同的动词，后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语 make up组成；构成；弥补；编造；化装 show up带上楼；出席；露面；揭露 hold up举起来；阻塞；耽搁；抑制感情 set up创立；建立；树立；资助 put up提出；举起；建造 take up拿起；举起；开始（某）活动（5）一些短语动词，具有多种释义，需要根据全句语境对他们作出恰当理解如：Hurry up, children! The plane will take off very soon.(起飞)After entering the room, he took off his coat .(脱下)The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.（休假） The woman broke down when someone told her that her mother was dead.(崩溃)Interrupted by hackers, the computer system of that company has broken down.(瘫痪)Negotiations(谈判) between the boss and workers have broken down（失败）常见短语： answer for 对… 负责 go without 没有也行agree with 同意（某人） hand in交上来agree to同意（建议） have nothing to do with与… 无关agree on 达成一致 have sth.to do with与… 有关aim at瞄准 head for朝…去ask for请求 help…in在…帮助belong to属于 hope for希望得到burst into突然…起来 introduce …to..把…介绍…begin with以…开始 inspire…with…以…激励base on根据 insist on坚持consist of由…组成 interfere with妨碍congratulate …on祝贺 join sb.in…加入某人一起come to an end结束 knock at敲（门等）compare …to把…比作 long for渴望compare…with同…相比 look up查阅，向上看care for喜欢，照顾 look on/opon…as…把…看作…change …for用…交换 learn by heart背会clear up放晴 leave for动身区去come across偶然遇到 lie in在于call up大 live on靠…生活，以…为主食call for 要求，需要 look through翻阅，浏览call on 拜访（人），号召 mix with同…混合call at拜访（地） present…with赠送cure of治愈 persist in坚持depend on依靠 put…into practice实施devote to把…用于 reply to答复engage in从事 rely on依靠end with以…结束 recover from恢复get on/off上/下车 rob …of…抢走get on/along进展 run over碾过去get ready for准备好 result from/in由…引起；导致get in收获 remember sb. to…带…问好grow up长大 set about doing着手做give in让步，投降 succeed in 成功…go all out竭尽全力 speak of说到go through通过 share in分担go over复习 share sth. with sb.与某人共同使用第二部分发：练习I. 用所给短语动词的适当形式填空1 break in /break down/break off/break out/break througha)The old man __________in the middle of the story.b)Influenza usually ________in winter because of the cold weather.c)The robbers __________ and looted (抢劫)the warehouse.（货栈）d)The old washing machine seems to _________ again.e)They hope to __________ soon in their fight against the disease.2 make up/turn up/set up/take up/put up a)The girl is very quick at _________ excuses. b)The young swimmer ________ a new record in the backstroke. c)Kate _______the piano when she was only five years old. d)The long-lost watch _____ down the back of the old table. e)The examination result will _____ on this board tomorrow.3 try on/keep an eye on/rely on/insist on/look down on a)British summers are awful and we can not ______the weather. b)Will you ______ this pair of trousers ? c)We should not ______ the young men who haven’t been to college. d)Would you be kind enough to _____the lovely baby for a while? e)Last night his wife _________his wearing a black suit for the party.II. 单项填空1. It’s ten years since the scientist _______on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical. A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up2. It is wise to have some money _______for age. A. put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid up3. It was dark and we decided to ______for the night at a farm house. A. put away B. put down C. put up D. put out4. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please ______? A. turn it on B. turn it down C. turn it up D. turn it off5. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _____ the shocking ending. A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off6. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _____ it. A. got over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of7. We didn’t plan out art exhibition like that but it ______ well. A. carried out B. tried out C. kept on D. worked out8. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _____ the books when you have finished with them. A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off9. Readers can _____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through10. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s for us to ____ our studies. A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over11. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ____ most of her day. A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up12. The village people prevented their cattle from _____ the wheat field. A. breaking in B. breaking out C. breaking into D. breaking away13. For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll ______my own business someday. A. turn up B. fix up C. set up D. make up14. Lucy ______ a lot of Japanese by playing with the native boys and girls. A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up15.Having decided to rent a flat, we _______ getting in touch with some agencies in the city. A. set up B. set down C. set out D. set aboutIII. 翻译下列句子1．医生要求这个病人戒掉烟和酒。
____________________________________________________________.2. 在入冬前,我们的蔬菜和水果就会吃完.____________________________________________________________.3. 我认为需要派更多的警察来调查这个案子. ____________________________________________________________.4. 这个篮球队的每个成员都不应当被歧视. ____________________________________________________________.第三部分：练习答案I. 用所给短语动词的适当形式填空1 a)broke off b)breaks out c)broke in d)have broken down e)break through2 a)making up b)set up c)took up d)turned up e)be put up3 a)rely on b)try on c)look down onII. 单项填空1-5 BACCA 6-10 ADCCA 11-15 ACCADIII. 翻译下列句子1 The doctor asked the patient to give up smoking and drinking.2 Our vegetables and fruits will run out before winter.3 I think that more police are needed to look into the case.4. Every member of this basketball team should not be looked down on.。