2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The worker agreed to （ ）the strike if the company would satisfy their demands.问题1选项A.call forB.call forthC.call offD.call up【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析call for意为“接（人），呼吁，需要”；call forth意为“唤起，引起”；call off意为“取消”；call up意为“打，召集”句意：如果公司能满足他们的要求，工人们就同意取消罢工 2. 单选题These figures （ ）no significance as they are statistically imperfect.问题1选项A.contribute toB.attach toC.conform toD.amount to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析contribute to意为“有助于，贡献”；attach to意为“贴，系”；conform to意为“符合，遵照”；amount to意为“共计，归结为”。
句意：这些数字没有任何意义，因为它们在统计上不完美3. 问答题The text and dialogue below (A) focus on (B) cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which (C) can create misunderstanding if ignoring (D).【答案】试题答案：D; ignored【解析】考查分词用法ignore与其逻辑主语cultural difference之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词形成4. 单选题Although cats cannot see in complete darkness, their eyes are much more（ ）to light than human eyes.问题1选项A.glowingB.brilliantC.gloomyD.sensitive【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析glowing意为“灼热的，灼炽的”；brilliant意为“明亮的”；gloomy意为“黑暗的”；sensitive意为“敏感的”句意：虽然猫无法在完全黑暗中看到，但是它们的眼睛比人类的眼睛对光敏感得多。
5. 单选题Difficult market conditions were（ ）when Korean tanners entered the UK and New Zealand raw material markets, driving up prices.问题1选项A.relievedB.changedC.deterioratedD.solved【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析relieve意为“减轻，缓和”；change意为“改变”；deteriorate意为“变坏恶化”；solve意为“解决”句意：当韩国制革工人进入英国和新西兰的原材料市场，抬高了价格，困难的市场条件恶化了6. 单选题Professor Kumar Bhatt, founder and head of Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMC), and RobMeakin a personnel director at Marconi, have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite rate. The New Knowledge Partnership will include a team of 40 Marconi managers in what Professor Bhatt calls electronic engineering management or E2. A wide range of engineering and non-engineering companies has expressed interest in these exciting programs, professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing the business environment to a huge extent. Many chief executives do not understand the power of the new technologies and in some cases, are actually resisting change. He says that “as long as enough industry leaders realize its potential benefits, e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals. Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.”Already Britain makes more use of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) and management information technology system than other European countries, and has a government that actively promotes e-business. But, observes Professor Bhatt, Britain has never used technology as a growth driver. “The thing about electronic engineering management is that you can keep your legacy systems; you just need to link those systems with an information engine. At the touch of a button it will allow project managers to see the status of a project, identify problems precisely and make virtually immediate decisions based on information that will be much more complete than in the past.”The E2 program is the result of an alliance by the Warwick Manufacturing Group with America’s leading e-commerce study center, Carnegie Mellon. The latter will be responsible for training many of the Marconi managers in America, where the group has half its business. In Britain. Professor Bhatt has linked up with Sun Microsystems, Oracle and Parametric Technology, to set up a multi-million pound E2 design and manufacturing center at the university which will be used for training and research.Professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing business to such an extent that WMG is likely to be renamed Warwick Electronic Manufacturing Group. But, he warns: “The move to globalize because of e-commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the Western world because this technology is universal.”1.What is the purpose of E2 course?2.Why does Bhatt say that "e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain"?3.According to the passage, what do you know about e-business in Britain?4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?5.According to that last passage, what is Bhatt’s attitude towards e-commerce?问题1选项A.Teach electronic engineering management.B.Train engineers and managers to be acquainted with e-commerce.C.Train engineers and managers to be engineers and managers.D.Teach engineers and managers about developing partnership.问题2选项A.Because many business leaders have shown their interest in this.B.Because it can strengthen the companies’ competitiveness.C.Because more people will learn e-commerce style.D.Because new information technologies can greatly improve industrial productivity.问题3选项A.E-business has eliminated many competitive rivals.B.E-business has done many benefits to big companiesC.Many companies have joined in the E-business program.D.E-business has great potential and will make changes in the country.问题4选项A.Britain can be competitive to US in the area of information technology.B.Britain has already taken the advantages of running engineering management.C.As with many other European countries, Britain has made use of computer-aided systems.D.E-business has offered opportunities to European countries to eliminate the competitiveness gap with all the rivals.问题5选项A.He thinks it as a precise opportunity only to Britain.B.He thinks that it is not as a good opportunity as people think.C.He thinks it is not only good for Britain but also a precise opportunity for other countries.D.He does not consider it a good opportunity in the long run.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。
由文章第一段中的have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite rate（建立了合作伙伴关系，培训工程师和管理人员成为精英）可知D选项“教工程师和经理如何发展伙伴关系”符合题意2.细节事实题由文章第一段中的e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals.（电子商务将使英国的第二次生产力革命成为可能这可能会使经济接近消除与主要竞争对手的巨大竞争力差距）可知B选项“因为它可以增强企业的竞争力”符合题意3.推理判断题由文章第二段中的Britain has never used technology as a growth driver.（英国从未将科技作为经济增长的动力）可知D选项“电子商务有着巨大的潜力，并将在这个国家发生变化”符合题意。
4.细节事实题由文章第一段中的Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.（在过去五年中，由于信息技术，美国制造业的生产率提高了30%在英国，我们可以取得更多成就，成功的电子商务将对英国经济带来数十亿美元的收益）可知A选项“在信息技术领域，英国可以比美国更有竞争力”符合题意5.观点态度题由文章最后一段中的The move to globalize because of e commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the Western world because this technology is universal.（由于电子商务而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。
尽管网络允许英国工业超越欧洲同行，但它也为亚洲国家提供了超越西方的机会这是第一次它不是西方世界的特权，因为这项技术是普遍的）可知C选项“他认为这不仅对英国有利，而且对其他国家来说也是一个确切的机会”正确7. 单选题Leonardo just discovered that his passport had （ ）three months ago.问题1选项A.constrainedB.abolishedC.amendedD.expired【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析constrain意为“强迫”；abolish意为“废除，废止”；amend意为“改良，修改”；expire意为“(因到期而) 失效，到期”句意：Leonardo刚刚发现他的护照已经过期三个月了8. 单选题It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America's literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time, its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every facet of composition publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as we've known it.1.The picture of the reading ability of the American people drawn by the author is （ ）.2.The author's biggest concern is（ ）. 3.A major problem with most adolescents who can read is（ ）. 4.The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of prose or poem is（ ）. 问题1选项A.fairly rightB.rather bleakC.very impressiveD.quite encouraging问题2选项A.elementary school children’s disinterest in reading classicsB.the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.SC.the musical setting American readers require for readingD.the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class问题3选项A.their fondness of music and TV programsB.their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureC.their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingD.their inability to focus on conflicting input问题4选项A.to be able to appreciate it and memorize itB.to analyze its essential featuresC.to think it over conscientiouslyD.to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。
由文章第一段中的It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy.（我几乎没有必要引证所有令人沮丧的人们的识字状况）可知B选项“相当凄凉”符合题意2.细节事实题由文章第二段中的But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.（但我今天担心的与其说是基本识字这个压倒性的问题，不如说是一个更为奢侈的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读技能的衰退，他们不愿意在安静的地方，牺牲难得在家的时间，集中注意力用以读书，而这些与经典阅读行为息息相关）可知D选项“中产阶级的阅读能力与阅读行为”符合题意。
3.细节事实题由文章第二段中的It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America's literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception.（有人认为，近80%的受过良好教育的青少年，在没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴下就无法阅读）和this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration（而在这种边阅读边在背景的干扰下进行理解的新方法使人们不可能对所阅读的东西全神贯注地加以理解）可知C选项“他们缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合题意。
4.细节事实题由文章第二段中的let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart.（更不用说人们对他们真正喜欢的诗歌或散文给予的最高评价了，那就是把它记在心里）可知A选项“能够欣赏它并记住它”符合题意9. 单选题Neither of these reasons （ ）our allowing him to pass after he did so poorly in the physics examination.问题1选项A.rectifiesB.notifiesC.signifiesD.justifies【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析rectify意为“改正，校正”；notify意为“通报，通知”；signify意为“说明，预示，表达”；justify意为“证明……正确(或正当、有理)，为……辩护”句意：他在物理考试中表现这么差之后，这两个原因都不是我们允许他通过的理由。
10. 单选题He knows little of mathematics, and （ ）of chemistry.问题1选项A.even moreB.still lessC.no lessD.still more【答案】B【解析】考查比较级even, still修饰表示级，意为“更……”，little的比较级为less，因此选B句意：他数学懂得很少，化学懂得更少了11. 问答题The reason why James Bond movies are (A) so popular is (B) because (C) they combine the appeal of traditional spy (D) stories with the appeal of technological devices.【答案】试题答案：C；that 【解析】考查名词性从句The reason why...is that表语从句（……的原因是……）是固定句型，is后面用that，不能用because12. 单选题Once the vice-chancellor of a university is （ ）, he begins his term of office.问题1选项A.launchedB.commencedC.inauguratedD.initiated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
launch意为“发射”；commence意为“开始，着手”；inaugurate意为“为（某人）举行就职典礼，启动，开创”；initiate意为“开始，发起”句意：大学副校长就职典礼一旦举行，他就开始了任期13. 单选题Every member of society has to make a （ ）to struggle for the freedom of the country.问题1选项A.warrantyB.guaranteeC.resolveD.pledge【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析warranty意为“保证，担保”，通常指承诺退款，类似质保；guarantee意为“保证，担保”，通常指只负责修理，类似保修；resolve意为“决定”；pledge意为“保证，誓言”，make a pledge意为“宣誓，发誓”句意：每个社会成员都必须宣誓为国家自由而奋斗14. 单选题You cannot expect people to work hard unless you give them some kind of （ ）.问题1选项A.fascinationB.incentiveC.provocationD.temptation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
fascination意为“魅力，着迷”；incentive意为“激励，刺激，鼓励”；provocation意为“挑衅，挑拨”；temptation意为“诱惑，引诱”句意：你不能指望人们努力工作，除非你给他们一些激励15. 单选题Peter's body temperature has been（ ）for a week, the highest point reaching 39.5 degree centigrade.问题1选项A.abnormalB.disorderedC.uncommonD.extraordinary【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析abnormal意为“反常的，异常的”；disordered意为“混乱的”；uncommon意为“不常有的，罕见的”；extraordinary意为“非凡的”句意：彼得的体温不正常已经持续一周了，最高温度达到39.5度16. 单选题The small Jackson is not （ ）now, but he will be famous someday.问题1选项A.magnificentB.prominentC.dominantD.significant【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
magnificent意为“壮丽的，宏伟的”；prominent意为“突出的，杰出的”；dominant意为“占优势的”；significant意为“重要的”句意：小杰克逊现在还不出名，但总有一天他会出名的17. 问答题Every paper and magazine were (A) lying wait (B) with (C) exhaustive stories about the royal split (D) between the prince and princess of Wales.【答案】试题答案：B; in wait【解析】考查谓语动词句中已有谓语动词were，因此用in wait（伺机）18. 单选题Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies to which heavy industry has shifted have become more energy intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economists commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.1.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if（ ）. 3.The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries（ ）. 4.We can draw a conclusion from the text that（ ）. 5.From the text we can see that the writer seems（ ）.问题1选项A.global inflationB.reduction in supplyC.fast growth in economyD.Iraq's suspension of exports问题2选项A.price of crude risesB.commodity prices riseC.consumption risesD.oil taxes rise问题3选项A.heavy industry becomes more energy-intensiveB.income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil pricesC.manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezedD.oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP问题4选项A.oil price shocks are less shocking nowB.inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocksC.energy conservation can keep down the oil pricesD.the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry问题5选项A.optimisticB.sensitiveC.gloomyD.scared【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。
由文章第一段中的Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December.（自从石油输出国组织同意减少原油的供给，原油价格从去年12月的不到10美元一桶飙升至每桶近26美元）可知最近油价上涨的主要原因是石油供给的减少，因此选B2.细节事实题由文章第二段中的In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.（在欧洲，税收占了零售价格的五分之四，因此即使原油价格变动很大，对零售价格的影响也会比以往小得多）可推测如果要使汽油价格大幅上涨，应提高石油的税收，因此选D3.细节事实题由文章第三段中的The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.（经合组织在其最新的《经济展望》中估计，如果油价全年平均每桶22美元，与1998年的13美元每桶相比，只会使发达国家的石油进口支出增加国民生产总值的0.25%至0.5%）可知石油价格上涨对发达国家的国民生产总值影响很小，因此选D，注意题干中问的是在《经济展望》中的观点，虽然A、B、C选项在文中出现过，但并不是《经济展望》中提出的观点。
4.主旨大意题文章前面两段主要介绍了此次石油上涨的原因，后面三段主要介绍了为什么此次油价上涨造成的后果没有像前两次那样严重：第一，原油占汽油价格的比重减少；第二，石油价格上涨对发达国家影响不大；第三，此次油价上涨不是在全球通货膨胀和产能过剩的情况下产生的因此A选项“油价冲击现。