1、构成人体细胞的基本物质是（ ） A 、脂肪 B、蛋白质 C、糖类 D、维生素 2、坏血病患者应该多吃的食物是（ ） A、水果和蔬菜 B、鱼肉和猪肉 C、鸡蛋和鸭蛋 D、糙米和肝脏 3、食物中的蛋白质经消化转变成（ ） A、脂肪酸 B、氨基酸 C、葡萄糖 D、甘油4、小肠绒毛不能直接吸收的营养物质是（ ）A、氨基酸 B、麦芽糖 C、维生素 D、脂肪酸 5、人体最重要的供能物质是（ ） A 、蛋白质 B、糖类 C、脂肪 D、维生素 6、下列哪项不是小肠结构与吸收功能相适应的特点（ ） A、小肠长约5-6米 B、粘膜表面有许多皱襞和小肠绒毛C、小肠绒毛中有毛细血管和毛细淋巴管 D、小肠壁内有肠腺 7、人体消化食物和吸收营养物质的主要场所是（ ）A、食道 B、胃 C、小肠 D、大肠 8、某护士将葡萄糖针剂从病人的前臂静脉输入体内，当葡萄糖流经肺泡的毛细血管时，所经过的途径是：（ ） a上腔静脉 b 下腔静脉 c 右心房 d 左心室 e右心室 f 左心房 g肺静脉 h 肺动脉 A 、 a c e h B、 b c f g C、a d g c D、bcef 10、将10毫升血液放入盛有少量抗量抗凝剂的试管中，静置一段时间以后，分为上、下两部分。
在上、下两部分的交界处是（ ）A、呈暗红色的红细胞 B、呈淡黄色的血浆 C、呈白色的白细胞 D、呈白色的白细胞和血小板 11、红细胞的形态为（ ） A、两面凸的圆饼状 B、球形 C、不规则形状 D、两面凹的圆饼状12、人体心脏的左、右心室射出的血（ ） A、都是动脉血 B、都是静脉血 C、分别是动脉血、静脉血 D、分别是静脉血、动脉血 13、 衡量心脏工作能力高低的主要标志是（ ） A、心率 B、血压 C、心动周期 D、心输出量 14、位于消化道外的消化腺有（ ） A 、唾液腺、肝脏、胰腺 B、肠腺、胰腺、胃腺 C、唾液腺、胃腺、肝脏 D、肝脏、胰腺、肠腺 15、维生素C是人体必需的物质，缺乏它将会患坏血病，它主要有在于（ ） A、动物肝脏 B、大米 C、牛奶 D、新鲜蔬菜或水果 16、血小板的生理功能是（ ） A、运输氧气和一部分二氧化碳 B、运载血细胞，运输养料和废物 C、止血和加速凝血 D、吞噬病茵，起防御和保护作用 17、动脉血是指（ ）的血液 A、在动脉里流动的血液 B、含二氧化碳比氧多，颜色鲜红 C、含氧丰富，颜色鲜红 D、含二氧化碳丰富，颜色暗红 18、下列对动脉的叙述正确的（ ） A、把血液从心脏送到身体各部分 B、便于血液与组织细胞进行物质交换 C、把血液从身体各部分送回心脏 D、管腔大、管壁薄、弹性小 19、心脏瓣膜只能朝一个方向开放，保证了血液的流动方向是（ ） A、由心室—心房—动脉 B、由心室—心房—静脉 C、由心房—心室—静脉 D、由心房—心室—动脉 20、在剧烈运动时，突然停下来会造成暂时性贫血，引起恶心、脸色苍白等现象，其原因是（ ）A、流回心脏的血液增多 B、流回头部的血液量不足 C、心脏输出的血量增多 D、血液中的含氧时增多二、 填空题（每空1分，共20分） 21、按顺序写出人体消化道各器官的名称：口腔、咽、食道 大肠和肛门等。
消化食物和吸收营养物质的主要器官是___ _ _ 22、红细胞有一种红色含 的蛋白质，叫做血红蛋白其特性是： 23、人类ABO血型系统包括四种血型： 输血时应该以输 为原则24、心脏是血液循环的 器官，心脏搏动推动着血液在由心脏和血管组成的管道系统中 25、人体的血液循环分 和 这两部分的血液循环是 分别沿着不同的途径进行的，并且在 处汇合，组成一条完整的循环途径 26、在观察小肠绒毛的实验中，用肉眼可以见到小肠的表面上有很多环形 ，进一步用放大镜观察，则见小肠的内表面上有 27、血液是由血浆和血细胞组成的血浆主要是运载_______，运输______和废物 三、判断题，正确的打√ 不正确的打×（每题1分，共10分） 28、各类血管在循环系统中所处的位置虽然不同，但它们的血压是相同的 ） 29、动脉血管流动脉血，静脉血管流静脉血 （ ） 30、食物中的水也属于营养物质 （ ） 31、肝炎病人由于胆汁分泌不足影响对脂肪的消化，因此，厌油腻食物 （ ） 32、口腔中的唾液能消化淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪。
（ ） 33、消化道各段对营养物质的吸收功能是相同的 （ ） 34、为了防止肥胖，青少年应拒食含油脂和食糖丰富的食品 （ ） 35、只要填饱肚子，青少年不必注意饮食习惯和饮食结构 （ ） 36、血液的流动有一定方向，是因为瓣膜只能单向开放 （ ） 1． 由图8－1可以看出，男生身高增加最快的年龄段大约是__________，女生身高增加最快的年龄段大约是__________；由图8－2可以看出，男生体重增加最快的年龄段大约是__________，女生体重增加最快的年龄段大约是_________2. 观察右图，在图中注出口腔、胃小肠的位置，并回答下列问题．(1)糖在人体消化道的__________部位被逐步消化，⑤①②③④⑥⑦参与这一消化的消化酶有________________________2)蛋白质在人体消化道的___________部位被逐步消化，参与这一消化的消化酶有__________________________3)脂肪在人体消化道的_____________部位被逐步消化，参与这一消化的消化液和消化酶有________________________ 3． (1)图中①②③④的结构名称依次是_________、_________、_________、_________。
2)在心脏的各结构中，心壁肌肉最厚的是[ ] _________3)与①和③连通的血管分别是[ ]_________和[ ] _________；与②和④连通的血管分别是[ ] _________和[ ] _________4．下图表示血液循环途径示意图，在方框内填上适当的名称5．用显微镜观察金鱼尾鳍血液的流动，观察到下列三种血管中血液的流动情况，判断A、B、C分别是什么血管红细胞单行通过的血管是____，血流的速度的最快的是____.11．根据“骨的成分与骨的特性之间的关系”的实验回答下列问题1)鱼肋骨经过彻底燃烧后，失去的成分是_______余下的是_____此实验证明骨中含有____，它与骨的 ___有关2)将鱼肋骨经过稀盐酸浸泡后，失去的成分是_____余下的是____此实验证明骨中含有____，它与骨的____有关3)如果将用稀盐酸处理后的骨再煅烧，观察到的现象是_______________4)将煅烧后的骨再放人稀盐酸中，观察到的现象是__________________13．某同学在探究“口腔内的化学性消化”中，制定了如下方案：编号加入物质水温时间第一组淀粉+唾液37℃10 min第二组淀粉十唾液90℃10 min(1)两组同时滴加碘液后，第一组_________色，第二组___________色.(2)设计第二组的目的是为了形成__________.(3)由以上节果可以分析得出：唾液中含______，它必须在一定的_____________条件下，才能对淀粉起到消化的作用。
4)若探究“口腔内的化学性消化与口腔内的酸碱度是否有关”，你制定的实验方案是什么？14．如右图，在显微镜下观察血涂片时，数量最多、颜色鲜红的细胞是______，它的形态呈________；数量较少、个体较大的细胞是________；还有一些几乎看不到的小碎片是_________，它的功能是________15．如果你是一位医生，请依据下列化验结果分析病例小张的父亲经常感到头晕，面色苍白，到医院化验，化验单上红细胞数值为4．95×10个／升，血红蛋白值为78g／L成年男子红细胞正常值为4×10—5．5×10／升，血红蛋白质值为120-160g／L) 临床印象：__________ 医生建议：__________连线题1.男性生殖系统 卵巢 产生精子 3. 维生素A 脚气病 睾丸 产生卵子 维生素B1 夜盲症 子宫 提供胚胎发育场所 维生素C 佝偻病 女性生殖系统 输精管 输送精子 维生素D 坏血病 输卵管 输送卵子2.睾丸 雌性激素 男性特征卵巢 雄性激素 女性特征 答案 B A B B B D C A C D D C C A D C C A A B 21、胃 小肠 大肠 小肠 心脏 22、铁 结合 分离 23、AB 同型血 红细胞 24、动力器官 循环流动 25、肺 同时 心脏 26、皱襞 小肠绒毛 27、血细胞 营养物质 三、判断题（每题1分，共10分） 28、× 29、× 30、√ 31、√ 32、× 33、× 34、× 35、× 36、√ 37、× 左心房---------肺静脉------------动脉血 右心房---------上下腔静脉--------静脉血 左心室---------主动脉------------动脉血 右心室---------肺动脉------------静脉血识图、实验题2． 14岁左右 12岁左右 14岁左右 12岁左右 2. (1) [ ① ]口腔 淀粉酶和麦芽糖酶 (2) [ ④ ]胃 蛋白酶和肽酶 (3) [ ⑥ ]小肠 肠液、胰液、胆汁和脂肪酶 。
3． (1) 左心房 、 左心室 、右心房 、 右心室 (2) [ ② ] 左心室 3) [ ⑥ ] 肺静脉 和[ ⑧ ] 上下腔静脉 [ ⑦ ] 主动脉 和[ ⑤ ] 肺动脉 4． 5． A：静脉 B：动脉 C：毛细血管 [ C ] 毛细血管 [ B ] 动脉 .11．(1) 有机物 无机盐 无机盐 硬度 (2) 无机盐 有机物 有机物 柔韧性 (3) 完全燃烧 (4) 完全溶解 13．(1)第一组 无 色，第二组 蓝 色. (2) 对照 (3) 淀粉酶 温度 14． 红细胞 _双凹圆饼 白细胞 血小板 促进止血，加速凝血 15． 临床印象： 红细胞数量正常，血红蛋白含量过少是缺铁性贫血的症状 医生建议： 多吃一些含铁丰富的食物 连线题1.男性生殖系统 卵巢 产生精子 3. 维生素A 脚气病 睾丸 产生卵子 维生素B1 夜盲症 子宫 提供胚胎发育场所 维生素C 佝偻病 女性生殖系统 输精管 输送精子 维生素D 坏血病 输卵管 输送卵子2.睾丸 雌性激素 男性特征卵巢 雄性激素 女性特征（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization。