2008年1月《现代语言学》试题全国2008年1月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebracket.(2%x10=20%)1.Thephoneticformoftheprefixmeaning"not"isphoneticallyvariant;itisbeforeavoweloranalveolarconsonant,beforealabialconsonant,andbeforea,forexample,inoperable,indiscrete,impossible,andinconceivable.()A. velarpalatalB. fricativestop2. Tonesarepitchvariationsthatrefertomorphologicallydefinedsegmentstotheextentthatdifferentinalanguagearedistinctive.Pitchvariationscandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.()A. soundspatternsB. pitchesfeatures3. Someoftherulesareproductive;theycanbeusedfreelytoformnewwords.()syntacticA. morphologicalsemanticB. phonologicalVP,APandPPsharesimilarsyntacticpropertieswithNPinthattheyallowforandcomplementsinphrases.()headsA. specifierslexicalitemsB. obligatorywordsBloomfielddrewonpsychologywhentryingtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticforms.()contextualA. conceptualistbehavioristB. mentalistPragmaticsdiffersfromtraditionalsemanticsinthatitstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butin?0A. senseconceptB. sentencecontext4. Thelanguagesoftheworldbelongtofamiliesandbearoffspring.Whenweexaminethelanguagesoftheworld,weperceivesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthemthatprovidefurtherevideneeforthe"relatednessweknowexists.。
A. geographicalgeneticB. typologicalfunctional5. InEnglish,powderroomisaeuphemismfortoilet,whichitselfstartedasaforlavatory,whichisnowmoreacceptablethanitsreplacement.()A.variantB.variationC.variableD.euphemism9.WhatcanbedrawnsafelyfromthecaseofGenieisthat.()A.itconfirmsthecriticalperiodhypothesisB.human'slanguageacquisitiondeviceisindependentofotherintellectualabilitiesC.languagecannotbeacquiredatallafterthecriticalperiodD.thelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodand,asaresult,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop10. Althoughchildrenarestillacquiringaspectsoftheirnativelanguagethroughthelateryearsofchildhood,itisnormallyassumedthattheyhavecompletedthegreaterpartofthelanguageacquisitionprocessbytheageof.()A. threeandhalffourB. fivesix11. Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%X10=10%)Thecoreareaoflinguisticsincludesphonetics,phonology,morphology,syntaxands11. Phoneticsprovidesthemeanstodescribethesounds,showinghowtheydiffer;phonologytellsusthattheyfunctionasp,actingtocontrastwords.12. Bothimorphologyandderivationalmorphologyarethetwosub-branchesofmorphology.13. Whenasentenceisutteredorwrittendown,thewordsofthesentenceareproducedoneafteranotherinasequenee.Thissequentialorderofwordsinasentenceshowsthatthestructureofasentenceis1.14. Csynonymsaresynonymsthatdifferinthewordstheygotogetherwith.Itisamatterofusage.15. AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,"IswearIhaveneverseenthemanbeforeAAisamongthemosttypicalexamplesofther.16. Soundareferstosoundchangeorprocessbywhichfeaturesofoneelementchangetomatchthoseofanotherthatprecedesorfollows.17. German-speakingSwitzerlandisdescribedasadcommunity,wherethedistinctvarietiesareStandardGermanandSwissGerman.18. Thelefthemispherecontrolsvoluntarymovementsof,andrespondstosignalsfrom,thersideofthebody.19. Learningisdefinedasaconsciousprocessofaccumulatingknowledgeofasecondlanguageusuallyobtainedinschoolsettingswhileareferstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.III. Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%X10=20%)()Peoplecanutterasentencehehasneverheardorusedbefore.Inthissense,humanlanguageiscreative.20. ()InEnglishbothaspiratedandunaspiratedvoicelessstopsoccur.Thevoicelessaspiratedstopsandthevoicelessunaspiratedstopsoccurinthesamephonemiccontextorenvironment.21. ()ParametersaresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciplestooperateinonewayoranotherandcontributetosignificantlinguisticvariationsbetweenandamonglanguages.22. ()Syntacticmovementoccurstoallsentences,therefore,thedeepstructureandsurfacestructureofeverysentencelookdifferentatitstwolevelsofrepresentation.23. ()TheAnglo-SaxonsweremigrantsfromthenorthernpartsofEurope,sothewordsthattheyoriginallyusedandthewordsthattheEnglishvocabularyhaslatertakeninfromotherlanguagesareregardedasloanwords.24. ()PaulGricemadeadistinctionbetweenwhathecalled"constatives"and4