2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The envelope arrived with the old address（ ）, and the new one written alongside it.问题1选项A.left outB.crossed outC.cutoutD.fallen【答案】B【解析】考查词组A: left out“遗漏；忽略”；B: crossed out“勾掉，划掉”；C: cut out“停止；裁剪”；D: fallen“倒下”句意：信封上的旧地址划掉了，旁边写着新地址结合此处语境，B为正确答案2. 单选题Present-day philosophers usually envision their discipline as an endeavor that has been since antiquity, distinct from and superior to any particular intellectual discipline, such as theology or science. Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or, more generally, the nature of human knowledge, they believe, are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past, a projection of modern concerns onto past events. The idea of autonomous discipline called "philosophy", distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science, turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin. When, in the seventeenth, century, Descartes and Hohbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do, as proposing a new and better philosophy, but rather as furthering "the warfare between science and theology". They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical-philosophy, and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy, but of research in mathematics and physics.This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science, provoked the final separation of philosophy from both.The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophy's core interest should be epistemology, the general explanation of what it means to know something: Modern philosophers now trace that notion back at less to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth century. Without the idea of epistemology, the survival of philosophy in an age of modern science is hards to imagine. Metaphysics philosophy's traditional core-considered as the most general description of how the heavens and the earth are put together-had been rendered almost completely meaningless by the spectacular progress of physics. Kant, however, by focusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics with epistemology, and thus to transform the notion of philosophy as "queen of sciences" into the new notion of philosophy as a separate, foundational discipline: Philosophy became" primary no longer in the sense of "highest" but in the sense of "underlying". After Kant, philosophers were able to reinterpret seventeenth - and eighteenth-century thinkers as attempting to discover "How is our knowledge possible "and to project this question back even on the ancients.1.According to the author, philosophy became distinct from science and theology during the（ ）.2.The author suggests that Descartes' support for the new science of the seventeenth century can be characterized as（ ）.3.The author of the passage implies which of the following in discussing the development of philosophy during the nineteenth century?4.With which of the following statements concerning the writing of history would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?5.The primary function of the passage as a whole is to（ ）.问题1选项A.ancient periodB.medieval periodC.seventeenth centuryD.nineteenth century问题2选项A.pragmatic and hypocriticalB.cautious and inconsistentC.daring and opportunisticD.strong but prudent问题3选项A.Nineteenth century philosophy took science' as its model for understanding the bases ofB.The role of academic institutions in shaping metaphysical philosophy grew enormously during the nineteenth century.C.Nineteenth century philosophers carried out a program of investigation explicitly laid out by Descartes and SpinozaD.Kant had an overwhelming impact on the direction of nineteenth century philosophy.问题4选项A.History should not emphasize the role played by ideas over the role played by individualsB.History should not be distorted by attributing present-day consciousness to historical figuresC.History should not be focused primarily on those past events most relevant to the presentD.History, should be concerned with describing those aspects of the past that differ most from those of the present问题5选项A.compare two competing models.B.analyze a difficult theoryC.present new evidence for a theoryD.correct an erroneous belief by describing【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。
由题干可以定位到文章中 “This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final separation of philosophy from both.” 中文翻译为：哲学家关注科学实践，这种联系一直持续到十九世纪，教会对学术的影响力衰退以及自然科学界的变化，导致哲学与二者的最终分道扬镳以及“The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion,...”， 中文翻译为：哲学与科学的分家，得益于十九世纪早 期发展起来的一种新观点……可以得知D选项符合题意。
2.观点态度题因此，此题用排除法可以选出D项文中说到笛卡尔和霍布斯对中世纪哲学的态度是拒斥的rejected，因为当时的哲学受神学影响太大，后来的人类历史证明 科学是人类的发展方向，所以说笛卡尔当年的支持是prudent的，至于strong，找不到直接的证据，只知道他们是明确反对神学的，推测和妥协地选了strong3.推理判断题由题干可以定位到文章中 “Modern philosophers now trace that notion back at least to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth century.” 中文翻译为：现代的哲学家认为这个概念至少可以追溯到笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎，但十八世 纪晚期的康德是第一个明确表述这种观点的人，且这个概念进入学术体系结构以及哲学教授普遍将其加入自述，要等到十九世纪晚期。
以及“Without the idea of epistemology, the survival of philosophy in an age of modern science is hard to imagine.”，中文翻译为：没有认识论的概念，现代科学时代可能就没有哲学了可以得知D选项符合题意4.推理判断题原文最开始写道：哲学自古就独立于或高于其他学科，这观点是一种对历史的误读，是现代观点对历史的投射因此说明作者并不认同这种理解历史的方式，后面作者详细说明了为什么哲学并非一直高于和独立于其他学科，以及是谁给哲学的定位带来了它今天被公认的地位由此综合而知，B项“历史(研究或写作)不该把当代观点归于(投射)历史人物”正确5.推理判断题原文写道：当今的哲学家经常把自己的学科想象成，从古代起就一直独立于和高于其他任何一门知识学科然而这种观点基于一种对历史的严重误读，是一种现代观点对历史事件的投射作者在后文对哲学晚期才兴起进行解释分析因此，综合考虑，文章主要是为了 D项“通过描述纠正错误的信念”3. 单选题All visitors are requested to（ ）with the regulations.问题1选项A.abideB.complyC.consentD.conform【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A: abide with “与……同住”；B: comply (with) “遵守”；C: consent “同意”；D: conform (to) “遵守”句意：所有的游客都被要求遵守规则根据句意以及固定搭配，选项B为正确答案4. 单选题Today chemicals are used to destroy crop insects, to preserve food and to purify our water among many other（ ）.问题1选项A.mattersB.thingsC.businessesD.accounts【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析句意：现在的化学用品被用于杀死害虫，保护庄稼食物，还用于净化水源，还用于许多其他的事项根据句意，空格处并列前文提及的化学剂的用途，则A 项“事件；事情”最符合用法5. 翻译题In contrast to the science of classical antiquity, modern science is basically unfinished whereas ancient science had the appearance of something completed to which the notion of progress was not essential. Modern science progresses into the infinite.Modern science has realized that a finished and total world-view is scientifically impossible. Only when scientific criticism is crippled by making particulars absolute can a closed view of the world pretend to scientific validity—and then it is a false validity. Those great new unified systems of knowledge—such as modern physics—have grown up in the scientific times only with single aspects of reality. And reality, as a whole, has been fragmented as never before; whence the openness of the modern world is contrast to the closed Greek cosmos.【答案】和古典时代的科学相比，现代科学基本上是未完成状态，然而古老科学有完成某样东西的表象，而且进步的概念对此非常重要。
现代科学进入无限境地现代科学已经知道，完美无缺的世界观在科学上是不可能的只有当科学批评因为细节变成绝对而被削弱的时候，僵化自守的世界观才会妄称科学有效性一一然后，这个有效性也是虚假的那些科学时代中伟大且新统一的知识体系一一比如现代物理——只在现实生活的某方面已经逐渐发展整体来看，现实已经前所未有的支离破碎于此，现代世界的开放性与封闭自守的希腊世界形成鲜明对比6. 单选题This country's development of science was greatly undermined for large numbers of scientific（ ）were ejected from their motherland since the dictator came into power.问题1选项A.galaxyB.eliteC.personnelD.swarm【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析A: galaxy “银河” ；B: elite “精英”；C: personnel “全体人员”；D: swarm “一大群”句意：这个国家的科学发展受到严重破坏，因为自从独裁者掌握政权，大量的科学精英就离开了故乡。
由句意可知B为正确答案7. 单选题The salmon is one of our most valuable fish. It offers us food, sport and profit. Every year commercial fishing （1）a harvest of over a billion pounds of salmon from the seA.Hundreds of thousands of salmon are caught each year by eager（2）fishers.In autumn, the rivers of the Northwestern United States come（3）with salmon. The salmon have left the ocean and are（4）their yearly run up river to spawn. Yet today, there are far fewer salmon than（5）, because the salmon , （6）has suffered from many perils of the modern age.Water pollution has killed many salmon by（7）them of oxygen. Over-fishing has further decreased their number. Dams has another（8），because they lock migration paths. Fish ladders,（9）stepped pools, have been built so that salmon can swim（10）over the dams. But young salmon swimming to the ocean have trouble（11）the ladders. Often they（12）their deaths over the dam or are killed in giant hydroelectric turbines.（13）America will continue to have plenty of salmon, conservationists have planned several ways to（14）the salmon population. Conservation officials have had some success（15）salmon in hatcheries and stocking salmon rivers with them. Salmon are also being（16）into new areas. In 1996, hundreds of thousands of young Coho salmon were planted in streams off Lake Michigan. The adults were expected to migrate to the lake and（17）an undesirable fish. The Cohoes（18）so well on this kind of fish in Lake Michigan（19）Cohoes are being planted in other Great Lakes.Thanks to the foresight and（20）of conservationists, the valuable salmon should be around American shores, rivers and lakes for a long time to come.问题1选项A.results inB.results fromC.results atD.resulted in问题2选项A.commerceB.sportsC.salmonD.kindness问题3选项A.aliveB.activeC.liveD.about-问题4选项A.atB.inC.onD.by问题5选项A.ever soB.ever sinceC.ever afterD.ever before问题6选项A.productionB.populationC.familyD.growing问题7选项A.forbiddingB.exploitingC.robbingD.endangering问题8选项A.dangerB.obstacleC.problemD.element问题9选项A.made up forB.made up toC.made upD.made up of问题10选项A.properlyB.safelyC.quicklyD.frequently问题11选项A.discoverB.to climbC.findingD.measuring问题12选项A.fall toB.fall backC.fall acrossD.fall away问题13选项A.So thatB.So far asC.So much asD.So long as问题14选项A.explodeB.developC.increaseD.catch问题15选项A.supportingB.raisingC.keepingD.resulting问题16选项A.invadedB.introducedC.foundD.given问题17选项A.live onB.feed inC.feed uponD.feed back问题18选项A.activateB.growC.thrivedD.developed问题19选项A.in whichB.thatC.whereD.which问题20选项A.objectivesB.planningC.inventionD.arrangement【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:B第16题:B第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:B【解析】1.考查词组。
此处大意为：每年商业捕鱼都会从海里收获超过10亿磅的三文鱼结合句意得知正确答案为A:result in “导致；引起”2.考查词汇此处大意为：急不可耐的 ___ 渔民每年都会捕捉成千上万的三文鱼最符合语境句意的选项为B，与eager搭配最为合适的是"sports娱乐”，即“消遣性渔民”3.考查词组本句大意为：秋季，美国西北部的河因三文鱼而热闹起来come alive “热闹起来，活跃起来”，只有A选项合适4.考查介词本句大意为：三文鱼离开海洋，每年都会回流到河面上产卵根据句意，C项为最佳答案5.考查逻辑关系结合前文的yet“然而”可知此处表达的是现在与过去的对比，最符合语境句意的选项为D“ever before 以前”6.考查词义根据上文far fewer salmon可知三文鱼的整体数量减少，结合句意，最佳答案为B population“（生物）种群；数量” 7.考查词义rob sb./sth.of sth. “剥夺某人/物所需或应得之物”，本句句意为：水污染夺走了许多三文鱼的氧气，使它们死亡因此最佳答案为C8.考查词义前文谈及“水污染杀死了很多三文鱼”，结合上下文及空格之前的内容，判断出最佳答案为A。
9.考查短语A: make up for “弥补；补偿”；B: make up to sB.“献媚；奉承”；C: make up “编造；化妆”；D: be made up of表示“由……构成”此处大意为：由阶梯式游泳池构成的鱼梯，因此答案为D10.考查副词，此处大意为：建造鱼梯是为了三文鱼能（ ）游过大坝，结合上下文语义，最符合的答案应是选项B“安全地”11.考查搭配和语义根据前文have trouble in doing sth.可知答案在C\D两项中，结合句意，判断出正确选项C12.考查词组根据前文大意，游入海洋的小鱼在发现梯子方面有些困难判断出后半句是说明这种结果，因此A选项和后文构成“fall to their deaths over the dam”为最佳答案，意为“掉到大坝上而摔死”13.考查逻辑关系此处后文大意为：“生态环境保护者规划一些方案以增加三文鱼 的数量”，空格处应起到连接的作用，结合句意，最佳答案为D so long as “只要”14.考查词汇前文的用词“decrease their number”可以判断出此处填入选项C“增加族群数量”符合句意15.考查搭配。
根据并列的部分stocking salmon rivers可知，“raise salmon in hatcheries在孵化场饲养三文鱼”符合语境，最佳答案为B16.考查动词introduce into “引进”，此处句意表达大意为：三文鱼被引进到新区域中故答案为B17.考查词组根据“the adults”以及“an undesirable fish不受欢迎的鱼”可知，此处表示“以……为食”根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案18.考查固定搭配thrive on“靠吃……长壮；因某事而有成”19.考查固定搭配和结构状语从句so...that...“如此……以致于……”，B为最佳答案20.考查名词根据空格后关键词conservationists可以定位到上段第一句中“conservationists have planned several ways to...”，故答案为B planning 8. 单选题Her generosity is one of her most pleasing（ ）.问题1选项A.characteristicsB.attributesC.traitsD.peculiarity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
A: characteristics “特性，特征” ；B: attributes “属性；特性”；C: traits “人的个性， 显著的特点”；D: peculiarity “特性；特质”句意：为人慷慨是她最讨人欢喜的个性结合此处语境，C为正确答案9. 单选题The freshman took a while to（ ）himself the new environment of the university.问题1选项A.familiarizeB.modifyC.orientD.alter【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配orient...to…“使……适应……”句意：大学新生花了一段时间使自己适应大学的新环境根据句意，C为正确答案10. 单选题Maggie tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it（ ）when she was trying to go to sleep.问题1选项A.soundingB.hummingC.tickingD.ringing【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析A: sound “作声，发声，响” ；B: hum “发连续低沉的声音（如蜜 蜂、马达的嗡嗡声）”；C: tick “发出滴答声”；D: ring “鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”。
句意：麦琪蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴答地响结合此处语境，修饰的是闹钟声，故C为正确答案11. 单选题The rebirth of Japan from the ruins of World War II and its race to the year 2000 is the theme of Robert Guilian’s new book The Japanese Challenge. In developing this provocative subject, he has produced, practically, a manual that will be extremely helpful to anyone doing business with the Japanese. It is particularly recommended for the first-time visitor to the Land of the Rising Sun.The analysis of the advance of modern Japan over the past 100 years since the Meiji era gives a most penetrating insight into the background and forces that have brought this fascinating country to where she now is the third economic power in the worlD.Will Japan become number one by the year 2000? This is the controversial question Guilian attempts to answer, and while doing so unfolds a composite chronicle of the factors that have contributed to Japan's amazing growth over the past twenty years, and that will support the drive toward the objectives of the next thirty years.Mr. Guilian is the Far Eastern representative of Le Monde, and exhibits an intimate knowledge of the Japanese people and the reasons for their fanatical devotion to the doctrine of the past two decades; economic growth above all else. However, it fails to give full recognition to recent events that tends to question the ease with which the race will be run in the eighties and nineties. Japan is going through an evolution. We read in current newspapers about the Japanese housewife forsaking her traditional image of docility, and objecting to prices, quality, and service. The Japanese worker, who is becoming more offbeat has reached the point where he no longer wants to accept a low standard of living; even Japanese engineers have now been organized into collective bargaining groups. Japan is caught up in the spiral of wages rising more rapidly than productivity, and Japan of the Managers faces severe test as to whether an economic slowdown will prevail or the race will continue at the same unabated pace.Mr. Guilian explains how the Government of the Managers has replaced the Government of the Generals, and has been able to maintain the national policy of industrial expansion and achieved "greatness without the bomb.” The Managers are convinced that in the future the only real power will be economic power, and that Japan cannot waste its strength in military battles or armament races.He credits the leaders of the economy with early recognition of the fact that we will be bilged to live in a world that has been radically changed by the revolution of the highly scientific industries such as the petrochemical field and they quickly devoted the resources ceded for expansion in these capital-hungry industries.He delves into the daring and unorthodox financial methods used by the Managers and the adventurous spirit of the bankers who are backed by the Bank of Japan. These policies supported the rapid acquisition of the latest patents, processes, and equipment, and the building of the most modern factories and plant. This has resulted in leadership in many segments of industry such as journalism, mass tourism, transportation, steel , ship-building, electronics, television, radio, cameras, watches, plastics, motorcycles, and perhaps on the horizon” automobiles. It is interesting to us chemical engineers and chemists that Mr. Guilian refers to huge ethylene production centers with their enormous towers and metal spheres as "the new shrines of the Japan of the year 2000, the prodigious temples of the god industry.”The Japanese Challenge is recommended reading for those seeking an understanding of Japan, its history, politics, foreign policy, defense strategy, relations with Red China and Russia, Zaikai (big business groups), financial institutions, trading companies managers unions, educational standards, wage structure, technological developments, and the people themselves that keep the "bicycle economy" pressing onward in the economic race.1.This article（ ）.2.The reviewer's attitude towards the book is（ ）.3.According to the author of this article（ ）.4.According to the writer of the book the greatness without bomb will be achieved（ ）.5.What is probably meant by “bicycle economy”?问题1选项A.is written by Robert Guilian.B.is written by Martin M. Ramer.C.is translated from French by Patrick O'Brian.D.is written by Robert Guilian, translated by Patrick O5 Brian and reviewed by Martin M. Ramer.问题2选项A.skepticalB.doubtfulC.that of approvalD.indifferent问题3选项A.productivity in Japan is developing more quickly than the wage raiseB.the wage raise and productivity are developing at the same speed.C.the wage raise surpasses the production growth.D.economic development will see a slowdown in the future in Japan.问题4选项A.through economic development at the expense of armamentB.through economic development in accordance with armamentC.through the replacement of the military government by the government of managersD.through the implementation of correct policy in economic development问题5选项A.the development of bicycle industryB.keeping the balance in the economic raceC.forging ahead in the economic raceD.independence and self-reliance in economic development【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。
通过题干关键词定位到原文第一句“The rebirth of Japan from the ruins of World War II and its race to the year 2000 is the theme of Robert。