1．常见的用料•鸡chicken鸭duck鹅goose• 鱼类fish肉类meat猪肉pork• 牛肉beef小牛肉veal羊肉mutton• 小羊肉lamb牛尾oxtail里脊fillet• 排骨spareribs腰子kidney肚子tripe•肝liver舌tongue内脏offal•蹄子trotter胗gizzard鸡什giblets• 鹿肉venison鸡脯chickenbreast• 甲鱼turtle海味seafood•虾shrimp干贝scallop•螃蟹crab鱿鱼squid•海蛰jellyfish黄鳝finlesseel• 海螺whelk野味game•兔rabbit鸽pigeon•鹌鹑quail龙虾lobster• 牡蛎oyster田螺snail• 田鸡frog蛇snake腌肉bacon• 香肠sausage火腿ham熊輕bear'spaw• 鱼翅shark'sfin燕窝bird'snest2．煮前的准备工作•去骨boning•例如，去骨鸭掌•打鳞scaling• 例如，去鳞鱼scaledfish剥/去皮skinning• 例如，去皮田鸡skinnedfrogs脱壳shelling•例如，虾仁shelledshrimps腌制pickling•例如，咸酸菜pickledvegetables3.常用刀法及用料形状• (1)常用刀法• 切片slice切丝shred• 切丁dice切柳fillet切碎mince• 捣烂mash酿入stuff• (2)常用用料形状• 肉/鱼片slicedmeat/fish或meat/fishslices• 肉丝shreddedmeat或porkshreds• 肉/鸡丁dicedpork/chicken或meat/chickencubes•肉末mincedmeat•肉丸meatballs•肉馅meatfilling• 4.中餐菜单翻译法• （1）直译法。
英译时把对应的制作方法译出来，再以该菜的主要原料为中心词• 女口：炖牛肉StewedBeef• （2）直译加注法英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意，然后再补充说明其内在含义•如：• 狮子头Lion'sHeadPorkMeatBalls• 全家福HappyFamilyAcombinationofshrimps,pork,beef,chicken,lobsterandmixedvegetableswithbrownsauce• （3）意译法此法可分为三种情况：• 1）原料+with+作料以原料为中心词，有时捎带把烹调法也译出，再加上用介词with或in与作料构成的短语即可如：• 海米白菜ChineseCabbagewithDriedShrimps• 鱼香肉丝ShreddedPorkwithGarlicSauce• 2）作料+原料即把作料用作修饰语，放在中心词原料的前面如：• 咖喱牛肉CurryBeef古老肉Sweet&SourPork• 3）以“实”对“虚”法即舍去中菜名里的喻义，夸张等说法而用平直，明白的英语译出如：• 发财好市BlackMossCookedwithOysters• 彩凤喜迎春BakedChickenandFriedQuailEggs• 蚂蚁上树VermicelliwithSpicyMincedPork• 龙虎凤大烩ThickSoupofSnake,CatandChicken• 4）“移花接木”法。
借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食，因为它们之间有许多相似之处译文地道，通俗易懂，能收到事半功倍的效果如：• 烤排骨BarbecuedSpareRibs• 饺子Chinese-styleRavioli略有馅的水饺• 5）音译加释义法先按中文用拼音译出，然后再加以解释性的英译，使英译文保留点“中国味”•女口：包子BaoziStuffedBun•馒头MantouSteamedBread• 6）“随机应变”法：原料+地名+Style应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色菜名英译出原料名后，再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成如：• 广东龙虾LobsterCantoneseStyle• 麻婆豆腐BeanCurdSichuanStyle5.中餐常见的烹调方法•中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种，但大体不离：• 煮（boiling）,煲/炖（stewing）,• 烧/焖/烩（braising）,煎（frying）,• 炒（stir-frying），爆（quick-frying）,• 炸（deep-frying）,• 扒（fryingandsimmering）,• 煸（sauteing），煨（simmering）,• 熏（smoking），烤（roasting/barbecuing）,• 烘（baking）,蒸（steaming）,白灼（scalding）等基本方法。
煮boiled.如“煮咸牛肉”(BoiledCornedBeef)煲/炖stewed.如“清炖牛尾”(StewedOxTailinClearSoup)烧braised.如“红烧牛蹄”(BraisedOxTrottersinBrownSauce)煎(pan-)fried.女口“煎明虾"(FriedPrawns)炒stir-fried如“炒鸡丁”(Stir-FriedChickenDices)爆quick-fried.如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-friedlambwithScallioninGingerSauce)炸deep-fried.如“炸大虾”(Deep-friedprawns)扒friedandsimmered.如“虾子扒海参”(FriedandSimmeredSeaCucumberwithShrimpsRoe)煸sauteed.女口“干煸鳝鱼”(SauteedEelSlices)煨simmered.如“煨牛肉”(SimmeredBeef)焖braised如“黄酒焖猪排”(Braisedporkchopsinricewine)烩braised如“烩鸡丝”(Braisedchickenshredswithpeas)熏smoked如“熏鱼”(SmokedFish)烘baked如“烘鸽”(BakedPigeon)蒸steamed如“蒸鲜鱼”(SteamedFreshFish)酱/醋marinated如“酱鸡”(MarinatedChicken)卤spicy;stewedingravy如“卤鸭”(SpicyDuck)涮instant-boiled如“涮羊肉”(Instant-BoiledMuttonSlices)酿stuffed如“酿青椒”(StuffedGreenPepper)烤roast;barbecued如“烤鹅”(RoastGoose)白灼/微煮scalded如“白灼海虾”(ScaldedPrawns)红烧braisedinbrownsauce如“红烧蹄筋”(BraisedPorkTendoninBrownSauce)干烧inpeppersauce如“干烧干贝”(ScallopinPepperSauce)麻辣withhotpepper如“麻辣豆腐”(BeanCurdwithHotPepper/SpiceBeanCurd)酱爆inbeansauce如“酱爆肉丁”(DicedPorkinBeanSauce)鱼香in(spicy)garlicsauce如“鱼香肉丝”(ShreddedPorkinGarlicSauce)糖醋withsweetandsoursauce如“糖醋排骨”(SpareribswithSweetandSourSauce)宫保withchiliandpeanuts如“宫保鸡丁”(DicedChickenwithChiliandPeanuts)脆皮crisp(inspicysauce)如“脆皮鱼”(CrispFish)清蒸steamed(inclearsoup)如“清蒸桂鱼”(SteamedMandarinFish)清炖stewedinclearsoup如“清炖甲鱼”(StewedTurtleinClearSoup)香酥crispfried如“香酥鸡”(CrispFriedChicken)焦熘friedinsauce如“焦熘鱼片”(FriedFishSlicesinSauce)甜酸sweetandsour女口“甜酸肉”(Sweet&SourPork)胡辣withpepperandchili如“胡辣海参”(SeaSlugwithPepperandChili)油淋drip-friedwithoil如“油淋兔”(Drip-FriedRabbitwithoil)•干煸dry-sauteed女口“干煸季豆"(Dry-saut6edStringBeans)• 盐水boiledinsaltwater女口“盐水虾”(BoiledShrimpsinSaltWater)• 家常homestyle女口“家常豆腐"(BeanCurdHomeStyle)• 陈皮withspicyorangepeel女口“陈皮鸡”(ChickeninSpicyOrangePeel)• 回锅double-sauteed女口“回锅肉"(Double-sautGedPorkSlices)• 五香spiced女口“五香牛肉”(SpicedBeef)• 干炸drydeep-fried女口“干炸羊肉"(DryDeep-friedLambBreast)• 软炸softdeep-fried如“软炸里脊”(Soft-friedPorkFillet)• 酥炸crispdeep-fried女口“酥炸羊脯"(CrispFriedLambBreast)• 砂锅incasserole女口“砂锅鱼翅”(Shark'sFininCasserole)• 锅巴withsizzling/crispyricecrust女口“锅巴海参”(SeaSlugwithSizzling/CrispyRiceCrust)• 芙蓉witheggwhite女口“芙蓉海参"(SeaCucumberswithEggwhite)• 麻酱withsesamepaste女口“麻酱海参"(Beche-de-merwithSesamePaste)• 三鲜withtwootherdelicacies如“三鲜海参"(SeaCucumberswithOtherTwoDelicacies)•醋溜indistilledgrainssauce女口“醋溜鸡片"(SlicedChickeninDistilledGrainsSauce)• 串烤skewered女口“串烤羊肉青椒”(SkeweredMuttonwithGreenPepper)• 铁扒grilled女口“铁扒乳鸽”(GrilledBabyPigeon)•烧烤roast女口“烤乳猪”(RoastSucklingPig)• 凉拌insoysauce女口“凉拌海蛰”(JellyfishinSoySauce)• 酸辣hotandsour女口“酸辣黄瓜”(HotandSourCucumber)• 姜汁ingingersauce女口“姜汁扁豆”(SnapBeansinGingerSauce)• 蚝油inoystersauce女口“蚝油香菇"(MushroomsinOysterSauce)• 蒜泥withmashedgarlic女口“蒜泥胡豆”(BroadBeanswithMashedGarlic)• 什锦mixed;assorted女口“什锦丝冬粉"(AssortedShredswithVermicelli)• 茄汁intomatosauce女口“茄汁鸡脯”(ChickenBreastinTomatoSauce)• 咖喱withcurry女口“咖喱牛肉"(FriedBeefwithyCurry)• 八宝(stuffed)witheightdelicacies女口“八宝鸡”(ChickenStuffedwithEightDelicacies)• 葱爆quick-friedwithscallioningingersauce女口“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-friedLambwithScallioninGingerSauce)• 粉蒸steamedinriceflour女口“粉蒸牛肉”(SteamedBeefinRiceFlour)• 奶油increamsauce女口“奶油鱼肚"(FriedFishMawinCreamSauce)• 木犀withscrambledeggsandfungus女口“木犀肉"(FriedPorkwithScrambledEggsandFungus)•醉liquor-preserved女口“醉蟹"(Liquor-preservedCrabs)• 辣味inchilisauce女口“辣味烩虾"(BraisedPrawnsinRiceWine)• 豆豉inblackbeansauce女口“豆豉桂鱼”(MandarinFishinBlackBeanSauce)• 黄焖braisedinricewine女口“黄焖大虾”(BraisedPrawnsinRiceWine)• 椒盐withpepperandsalt女口“椒盐排骨”(SpareRibswithPepperandSalt)•怪味multi-flavored女口“怪味鸡”(Multi-flavoredChicken)中国小吃英文表达• 中式早點烧饼Clayovenrolls油条Friedbreadstick韭菜盒Friedleekdumplings水饺Boileddumplings蒸饺Steameddumplings馒头Steamedbuns割包Steamedsandwich饭团Riceandvegetableroll蛋饼Eggcakes皮蛋100-yearegg咸鸭蛋Saltedduckegg豆浆Soybeanmilk•饭类•稀饭Riceporridge白饭Plainwhiterice油饭Glutinousoilrice糯米饭Glutinousrice卤肉饭Braisedporkrice蛋炒饭Friedricewithegg地瓜粥Sweetpotatocongee•面类• 馄饨面Wonton&noodles刀削面Slicednoodles麻辣面Spicyhotnoodles麻酱面Sesamepastenoodles鴨肉面Duckwithnoodles鱔魚面Eelnoodles乌龙面Seafoodnoodles榨菜肉丝面Pork,pickledmustardgreennoodles牡蛎细面Oysterthinnoodles板条Flatnoodles米粉Ricenoodles炒米粉Friedricenoodles冬粉Greenbeannoodle•汤类•鱼丸汤Fishballsoup貢丸汤Meatballsoup蛋花汤Egg&vegetablesoup蛤蜊汤Clamssoup牡蛎汤Oystersoup紫菜汤Seaweedsoup酸辣汤Sweet&soursoup馄饨汤Wontonsoup猪肠汤Porkintestinesoup肉羹汤Porkthicksoup鱿鱼汤Squidsoup花枝羹Squidthicksoup•甜点爱玉Vegetariangelatin糖葫芦Tomatoesonsticks长寿桃LongevityPeaches芝麻球Glutinousricesesameballs麻花Hempflowers双胞胎Horsehooves•冰类绵绵冰Meinmeinice麦角冰Oatmealice地瓜冰Sweetpotatoice紅豆牛奶冰Redbeanwithmilkice八宝冰Eighttreasuresice豆花Tofupudding•果汁甘蔗汁Sugarcanejuice酸梅汁Plumjuice杨桃汁Starfruitjuice青草茶Herbjuice•点心牡蛎煎Oysteromelet臭豆腐Stinkytofu(Smellytofu)油豆腐Oilybeancurd麻辣豆腐Spicyhotbeancurd虾片Prawncracker虾球Shrimpballs春卷Springrolls蛋卷Chickenrolls碗糕Saltyricepudding筒仔米糕Ricetubepudding红豆糕Redbeancake绿豆糕Beanpastecake糯米糕Glutinousricecakes萝卜糕Friedwhiteradishpatty芋头糕Tarocake肉圆TaiwaneseMeatballs水晶饺Pyramiddumplings肉丸Rice-meatdumplings豆干Driedtofu•其他当归鸭Angelicaduck槟榔Betelnut火锅Hotpot西餐(WesternFood)头盘及沙拉类腌熏三文鱼SmokedSalmon腌三文鱼MarinatedSalmonwithLemonandCapers凯撒沙拉CaesarSalad鲜蘑鸡肝批ChickenLiverTerrinewithMorels• 奶酪瓢蟹盖BakedStuffedCrabShell鲜果海鲜沙拉SeafoodSaladwithFreshFruit• 厨师沙拉Chef'sSalad金枪鱼沙拉TunaFishSalad尼斯沙拉SaladNicoise汤类奶油蘑菇汤CreamofMushroomSoup奶油胡萝卜汤CreamofCarrotSoup•奶油芦笋汤CreamofAsparagusSoup番茄浓汤TraditionalTomatoSoup• 海鲜周打汤SeafoodChowder法式洋葱汤FrenchOnionSoup•牛肉清汤BeefConsomme匈牙利浓汤HungarianBeefGoulash香浓牛尾汤OxtailSoup意大利蔬菜汤MinestroneSoup蔬菜干豆汤HeartyLentilSoup牛油梨冻汤ChilledAvocadoSoup西班牙番茄冻汤Gazpacho禽类红酒鹅肝BraisedGooseLiverinRedWine奶酪火腿鸡排ChickenCordonBleu烧瓤春鸡卷GrilledStuffedChickenRolls红酒烩鸡BraisedChickenwithRedWine烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅BakedChickenBreastStuffedwithMushroomsandCheese炸培根鸡肉卷Deep-FriedChickenandBaconRolls水波鸡胸配意式香醋汁PoachedChickenBreastwithBalsamicSauce• 烤火鸡配红浆果少司RoastTurkeywithCranberrySauce烤瓢火鸡RoastStuffedTurkey烧烤鸡腿BarbecuedChickenLeg烤柠檬鸡腿配炸薯条RoastedLemonMarinadeChickenLegwithFrenchFries扒鸡胸Char-GrilledChickenBreast咖喱鸡ChickenCurry秘制鸭胸配黑菌炒土豆Pan-friedDuckBreastwithSauteedPotatoesandTruffles牛肉类红烩牛肉StewedBeef白烩小牛肉FricasseedVeal牛里脊扒配黑椒少司GrilledBeefTenderloinwithBlackPepperSauce• 扒肉眼牛排GrilledBeefRib-EyeSteak西冷牛排配红酒少司RoastBeefSirloinSteakwithRedWineSauceT骨牛扒T-BoneSteak烤牛肉RoastBeef罗西尼牛柳配苯酒汁BeefTenderloinandGooseLiverwithTruffleandPortWineSauce青椒汁牛柳BeefTenderloinSteakwithGreenPeppercornSauce铁板西冷牛扒SizzlingSirloinSteak香煎奥斯卡仔牛排Pan-friedVealSteakOscarwithHollandaiseSauce咖喱牛肉BeefCurry威灵顿牛柳FilletSteakWellington俄式牛柳丝BeefStroganoff烩牛舌BraisedOx-Tongue红烩牛膝OssoBucco黑胡椒鹿柳配野蘑菇和芹菜烤面皮VenisonFilletBlackPepperCoatwithWildMushroomandCeleryBrick猪肉类烧烤排骨BarbecuedSpareRibs烟熏蜜汁肋排SmokedSpareRibswithHoney意大利米兰猪排PorkPiccatta瓤馅猪肉卷配黄桃汁StuffedPokeRouladeWithYellowPeachSauce煎面包肠香草汁Pan-friedSwissMeatLoafwithPestoSauce炸猪排Deep-FriedPorkChop•羊肉类扒羊排GrilledLambChop扒新西兰羊排GrilledNewZealandLambChop烤羊排配奶酪和红酒汁RoastLambChopwithCheeseandRedWineSauce羊肉串LambKebabs烤羊腿RoastedMuttonLeg•鱼和海鲜类海鲜串SeafoodKebabs扒金枪鱼GrilledTunaSteak• 扒挪威三文鱼排GrilledNorwegianSalmonFillet• 三文鱼扒配青柠黄油GrilledSalmonwithLimeButter比目鱼柳和扇贝配红酒核桃汁BraisedSolefillet&SeaScallopswithRedWineandWalnuts煎比目鱼Pan-friedWholeSole烤三文鱼柳配香草汁和黑橄榄酱RoastedSalmonFilletWithPestoBlackOlivePuree烤三文鱼排意大利宽面和藏红花汁RoastedSalmonSteakWithTagliatelle&SaffronSauce煎红加吉鱼排GrilledRedSnapperFillet• 黄油柠檬汁扒鱼柳GrilledFishFilletinLemonButterSauce扒大虾GrillekingPrawns蒜茸大虾GrilledKingPrawnswithGarlicHerbButter巴黎黄油烤龙虾BakedLobsterwithGarlicButter• 奶酪汁龙虾GratinatedLobsterinMornaySauce香炸西班牙鱿鱼圈Deep-FriedSquidRings荷兰汁青口贝GratinatedMusselsHollandaiseSauce蛋类•火腿煎蛋FriedEggswithHam洛林乳蛋饼QuicheLorraine熘糊蛋ScrambledEggs面、粉及配菜类海鲜通心粉MacaroniwithSeafood海鲜意粉SpaghettiwithSeafood意大利奶酪千层饼CheeseLasagna什莱奶酪比萨饼PizzaVegetarian• 海鲜比萨SeafoodPizza烤牛肉蘑菇比萨RoastBeefandMushroomPizza肉酱意大利粉SpaghettiBolognaise• 意大利奶酪馄饨CheeseRavioliinHerbedCreamSauce咖喱海鲜炒饭Stir-FriedSeafoodRicewithCurry红花饭SaffronRice阿拉伯蔬菜黄米饭CouscouswithVegetables西班牙海鲜饭Paella牛肉汉堡包BeefBurger鸡肉汉堡包ChickenBurger美式热狗AmericanHotDog俱乐部三文治ClubSandwich金枪鱼三文治TunaFishSandwich•烤牛肉三文治RoastedBeefSandwich健康三文治HealthySandwich烟熏三文鱼SmokedSalmon土豆泥MashedPotatoes里昂那土豆LyonnaisePotatoes公爵夫人土豆DuchessePotatoes烩红椰菜BraisedRedCabbagewithApple甜品西点类• 黑森林蛋糕BlackForestCake英式水果蛋糕EnglishFruitCake• 草莓奶酪蛋糕StrawberryCheeseCake草莓蛋糕StrawberryCake蓝莓奶酪蛋糕BlueberryCheeseCake美式奶酪蛋糕AmericanCheeseCake绿茶奶酪蛋糕GreenTeaCheeseCake意大利提拉米苏ItalianTiramisu大理石奶酪蛋糕MarbleCheeseCake咖啡奶酪蛋糕CoffeeCheeseCake红莓松糕CranberryMuffin干果派MixedNutsPie蓝莓松糕BlueberryMuffin琳泽蛋糕LinzerCake芒果木司蛋糕MangoMousseCake草莓酥条StrawberryNapoleonSliced巧克力榛子蛋糕ChocolateHazelnutCake巧克力木司ChocolateMousse水果脆皮酥盒PuffPastrywithFruits维也纳巧克力蛋糕SacherCake热情果木司PassionMousse杏仁多纳圈AlmondDonuts牛奶巧克力多纳圈MilkChocolateDonuts鲜水果配沙巴洋FruitwithSabayon水果蛋挞FreshFruitTart白巧克力奶油布丁WhiteChocolateBrulee绿茶布丁GreenTeaPudding• 芒果布丁MangoPudding热枣布丁WarmStickyDatePudding香草布丁VanillaPudding焦糖布丁CreamCaramel/CaramelCustard果仁布朗尼WalnutBrownies咖啡剧本蛋糕CoffeeOperaSlice饼干及其它手指饼LadyFinger蝴蝶酥ButterflyCracker巧克力曲奇ChocolateCookies爆米花(甜/咸)Popcorn(Sweet/Salt)香草冰淇淋VanillaIceCream巧克力冰淇淋ChocolateIceCream草莓冰淇淋StrawberryIceCream绿茶冰淇淋GreenTeaIceCream冰霜Sherbets冰糖莲子银耳羹CandiedLotusSeed&WhiteFungusSoup草莓奶昔StrawberryMilkShake面包类水果丹麦FruitDanish牛角包Croissant袋子包PitaBreadPlain农夫包FarmerBread洋葱包OnionLoaf全麦包WholeWheatBread软包SoftRoll硬包HardRoll长法棍FrenchBaguette吐司面包Toast。