2022-2023年考博英语-大连理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Wages for worker in the public（ ） of the economy don’t always keep up with thosefor worker in the private one.问题1选项A.branchB.sectorC.portionD.section【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析Branch “分支”；sector “部门”；portion “部分”；section “部门”句意：公有制企业中的工人的工资并不是总能赶上私有制企业工人的工资选项B符合题意2. 单选题 It’s time （ ）about the traffic problem downtown.问题1选项A.something was doneB.everything is doneC.anything will be doneD.nothing to be done【答案】A【解析】考查it’s time的用法It’s time sb did sth,虚拟语气，动词的形式是一般过去时，所以选项A符合题意。
句意：是时候采取措施来缓解城市的交通问题了3. 单选题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don’t, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illumination piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （启蒙运动）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant, the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.1.According to the author, really good science（ ） .2.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century（ ） .3.Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?4.What is the author’s attitude towards science?5.The author believes that（ ） .问题1选项A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB.will produce results which cannot be foreseenC.will help people to make the right choice in advanceD.will bring about disturbing results问题2选项A.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD.did more harm than good in promoting man’s understanding of nature问题3选项A.They invented false theories to explain things they didn’t understand.B.They falsely claimed to know all about natureC.They did not believe in results from scientific observationD.They paid little attention to the problems they didn’t understand.问题4选项A.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientistsB.He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific finding.问题5选项A.man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB.man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD.questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段if it is really good science it is impossible to predict 提到真正好的科学不可能被预测，所以选项B符合题意。
2.文章第二段It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （启蒙运动）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead提到如果我们中任何一个去告诉18世纪启蒙运动中那些最聪明的人，我们知道的很少并且前途迷茫，他们会对此表示惊讶由此可知，这些科学家与我们的想法相反的，他们认为他们知道的很多，并且能解决很多问题，所以选项A符合题意3.文章第二段In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps提到在早期我们要么假装知道事物的工作原理，要么忽视问题，或者简单的编造一些故事来填补空白选项C符合题意4.文章最后一段提到我们迟早会解决包括人类意识在内的所有我们能想到的问题，还表示只要我们坚持、专注，就能想到答案。
可以看出作者是非常有信心的选项C符合题意5.文章最后一段there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers 提到会有一些问题我们想不到，但是在我们的局限范围内，我们应该能够努力得到所有的答案，由此可知我们不能想到所有问题，但是可以解决能想到的问题，选项A符合题意4. 单选题Many novels that attempt to the mirror the world are really （ ）of the reality that they represent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
reflection “反映”；demonstration “示范”；illumination “照明”；reproduction “繁殖”句意：许多试图向世界反映现实的小说，都反映了他们所代表的现实选项A符合题意5. 单选题A window in the kitchen was（ ） ; there was rubbish everywhere and the curtains andcarpets had been stolen.问题1选项A.scrapedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析Scrape “刮，擦”；smash “猛击”；scratch “抓”；scatter “散落”句意：厨房的一扇窗户被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗帘和地毯被偷走了选项B符合题意6. 单选题Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen. 问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
contaminate “污染”；compliment “恭维”；contemplate “沉思，注视”； complement “补充”句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作选项D符合题意7. 单选题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us howlittle we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.1.According to the author, really good science （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that" scientists of the 18th century （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?4.What is the author’s attitude towards science?5.The author believes that（ ）问题1选项A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB.will produce results which cannot be foreseenC.will help people to make the right choice in advanceD.will bring about disturbing results问题2选项A.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD.did more harm than good in promoting man’s understanding of nature问题3选项A.They invented false theories to explain things they didn’t understand.B.They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.问题4选项A.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B.He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.问题5选项A.man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB.man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD.questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段if it is really good science it is impossible to predict 提到真正好的科学不可能被预测，所以选项B符合题意。
2.文章第二段It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （启蒙运动）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead提到如果我们中任何一个去告诉18世纪启蒙运动中那些最聪明的人，我们知道的很少并且前途迷茫，他们会对此表示惊讶由此可知，这些科学家与我们的想法相反的，他们认为他们知道的很多，并且能解决很多问题，所以选项A符合题意3.文章第二段In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps提到在早期我们要么假装知道事物的工作原理，要么忽视问题，或者简单的编造一些故事来填补空白选项C符合题意4.文章最后一段提到我们迟早会解决包括人类意识在内的所有我们能想到的问题，还表示只要我们坚持、专注，就能想到答案。
可以看出作者是非常有信心的选项C符合题意5.文章最后一段there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers 提到会有一些问题我们想不到，但是在我们的局限范围内，我们应该能够努力得到所有的答案，由此可知我们不能想到所有问题，但是可以解决能想到的问题，选项A符合题意8. 单选题The（ ） on this apartment expires in a year’s time.问题1选项A.treatyB.engagementC.leaseD.subsidy【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析treaty “条约”；engagement “约会；婚约”；lease “租约”；subsidy “津贴”句意：这个公寓的租期一年后到期。
选项C符合题意9. 翻译题The most intensive forms of rural land use for agricultural purposes are those concerned with harvestable crops or with the production of animal products. Unlike primitive agriculture, which involved only the temporary removal of natural vegetation and depended for a short period of time natural soil fertility, conventional agriculture today uses large inputs of chemicals, energy and technical skills to produce increased yields of crops or animals. In the technologically advanced countries food production is often greater than population growth, and it is possible to retire former farmlands from use and to produce crops according to demand without approaching the maximum yields obtainable. The so-called Green Revolution has been based on the spread such farming methods to less developed nation of the world. It has been made possible by the breeding of high-yielding forms of grain specifically adapted to the ecological conditions of the countries involved. The decision to use an area of land for high-yield agriculture essentially rules out its use for attar purposes. The intensive production of farm crops in an agricultural region may also have side effects; as has been previously noted, these may include the pollution of other the pesticides, herbicides, or other agricultural chemicals blown or washed from farmlands affect vegetation and animal life elsewhere. Nevertheless, committing an area to intensive agricultural production does not rule out its future restoration for other uses. As long as the soils are well cared for, such areas can be convened quickly to other purposes if it is not necessary to keep them in farm production. Abandoned farmlands in the southern United States, for example, are now highly productive forest areas, and former fanning lands elsewhere are being used to support wildlife and outdoor recreation. In general planning for conservation of natural resources, intensive use and high production in those areas best suited for farming must be of course, that the polluting effects of these activities on the general environment are avoided. Such concentration can spare the destruction of other resources through to use inadequate lands for marginal farming activities.【答案】最密集的农业用途的农村土地使用形式与提高农作物或者动物产品的产量有关。
原始农业涉及的仅仅是自然植被的临时迁移，还有短时间内依靠自然土壤的肥力，与之不同的是，今天的传统农业使用大量的化学品，能源还有技术技能，从而农作物和动物产品的产量得到很大的提高技术先进国家食物产量的增长往往比人口增长快，并有可能让之前的农田荒废，根据需求生产作物，避免其索取接近最高产量所谓的绿色革命一直立足于向世界欠发达国家传播这种耕作方式通过播种适应于当地生态环境的高产作物可能实现这一点决定使用某个地方来种植高产农作物后，基本排除了将这个地方做其他用途农业地区的集约化农作物生产也有副作用；之前已经提到过，这些可能包括其他地区的污染比如农药、除草剂或者从其他农田风刮过来或者冲过来的农用化学品，这些都会影响到其他地方的植被和动物然而，将一个地区专项集约化农业生产并不排除将来将其恢复用于其他用途只要土壤被保护得好，这些地区能够很快被转换到其他目的，其他是没有必要再让它们用于农业生产例如，美国南部的弃耕地，现在是高生产力的森林地区，其他前耕作土地正在用来支持野生动物和户外休闲对自然资源的保护，针对最适合耕种的区域的集约化利用和高产量的总体规划当然应该避免这些活动对环境的污染这种集中通过利用边际农业活动中使用不足的土地可以免除对其他资源的破坏。
10. 单选题Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of （ ）standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析equivalent “等价的”; alike “相同的”；uniform “统一的，一致的”；likely “很可能的”句意：虽然他们服务好，但大多数小旅馆要比同等级水准的宾馆便宜选项A符合题意11. 单选题We were pleased to note that the early delivery didn’t （ ） to the traffic jam of thebusy city.问题1选项A.aidB.amountC.addD.attribute【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析aid “援助，帮助”；amount “总计，合计”；add “增加”；attribute “归属，把……归于”句意：我们很高兴发现早发货并没有给繁忙的城市增添交通拥堵选项C符合题意12. 单选题The construction of a 5-million-ton iron and steel works is now under（ ） .问题1选项A.conclusionB.contributionC.continuationD.consideration【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
conclusion “结论”；contribution “贡献”；continuation “继续”；consideration “考虑”句意：目前（相关人员）正在考虑建设一个五万吨级的钢铁厂选项D符合题意13. 单选题I'm sure your suggestion will （ ）the problem.问题1选项A.contribute to solvingB.be contributed to solveC.contribute to solveD.be contributed to solving【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法contribute to 后面要接名词或者动名词，选项A符合题意14. 翻译题来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余 5位均是亚裔学生他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7 天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。
这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5 人1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程答案】Like students from other Asian countries, most Chinese students who come to further their study in the United States work on their studies industriously. Even on weekends, they would spend one or two days working overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American students, they obtain more achievements. My supervisor is an Asian people. He is obsessed with alcohols and cigarettes, and has an irritable temper. However, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what these students think about. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of the laboratory, which read “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p. m. Nothing but work during the working hours”. This supervisor is known for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed and got their Ph. D degrees. In the summer of 1990, regardless of other’s dissuasion, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.15. 单选题Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most（ ） areas in Japanese life.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
sophisticated “久经世故的；复杂的”；competitive “有竞争力的”；considerate “体贴的”；superficial “肤浅的”句意：因为有一个好的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作，所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之一选项B符合题意16. 单选题Physics is the present-day equivalent of （ ）used to be palled natural philosophy, fromwhich most of the present-day science arose.问题1选项A.thatB.allC.whichD.what【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句空格所在处的词是引导介词后的宾语从句，所以选项D符合题意句意：物理学以前被称为是自然哲学的同等物，从中出现了如今大部分的科学17. 单选题If we （ ）our relations with that country, we’ll have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国选项C符合题意18. 单选题 The missile missed the （ ） by 1,500 meters at its first experimental flight.问题1选项A.destinationB.purposeC.targetD.terminal【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析Destination “目的地”；target “目标”；purpose “目的”；terminal “末端，重点”句意：在第一次试射中，导弹偏离目标1500米选项C符合题意19. 单选题 He failed to supply the facts relevant （ ）the case in question.问题1选项A.forB.withC.toD.of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配relevant to “与……相关的”，选项C符合题意句意：他无法提供与设计案件有关的事实20. 单选题Auction (拍卖)are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid highest figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin “antic”, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war, these miles were called “sub hanta”, meaning “under the spear’’, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a carved to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle’’, a shoe candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning.Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, cobra, fir, mat, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, old books, old china and works of art. The auction rooms at Christie’s and Sotheby’s in London and New York are world famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the ar。