非谓语动词的句法功能主语宾语宾语补足 语表语定语状语不定式VVVVVV动名词VVVV现在分词VVVV过去分词VVVV非谓语做题步骤解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时， 所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分， 初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式； 最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求， 再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式可以按照以下四步来解答一、分析句子结构，辨别“谓与非谓”二找逻辑主语非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻 辑主语 these pictures, I couldn ' t help thinking of those days when I wasin Beiji ng . from the top of a thirty-storeyed buildi ng, Beiji ng looks moremagn ifice nt. ( see)三、 分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是 主动还是被动关系。
1. The dirty clothes , the girl hung them up outside .2. the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .A. was washedB. washedC. were washedD. hav ing washed四、 分析时态1. The buildi ng _C now will be a restaura nt .2. The build ing __B__ n ext year will be a restaura nt .3. The buildi ng __D last year is a restaura nt.A. having been builtB. to be builtC. bei ng builtD. built非谓语动词(done)的用法讲解一作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用 -ed形式例如：While she was gett ing me _(§ettle) in to a tiny but clea n room …思路分析：因句中已有谓语 was getting，所以settle 应是非谓语动词；又由 settle sb. into/in/on …(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle 是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填 settled。
1) •在 with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系， 且意味着该动作已经完成2) - get …done=have sth. done 请人做 / 遭受(被动)3) - make on eself 后常用 un derstood, heard, see n, known 等作宾补，表示让 别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别 人认识例如：Alexa nder tried to get his work (recog ni ze) in the medicalcircles.recognized考查“ get+宾语+过去分词”结构其中的“宾语”与其后的“过 去分词”之间为被动关系二作状语(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系， 用-ed形式⑵在“连词(如when, while, if, though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主 语是被动关系时用-ed形式例如：Though (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warmwelcome.surprised, 因the professor 与 surprise 是被动关系，故用 “连词 +过去分词” 作状语。
(see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mou ntai n is a sea of trees.seen,由于the south foot 与see之间为被动关系，故要选过去分词作状语The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if (carry)out regularly, can improve our health.carried，由于exercise(锻炼)与carry out(进行，执行)之间为被动关系， 故用“连词+过去分词”作状语，if carried out regularly 相当于if it iscarried out regularly三 作定语 分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是被动关系时用 -ed 形式例如：I ' mcalling to enquire about the position （advertise） in yesterday 's China Daily .advertised, 由于 position（ 职位） 与 advertise（ 登广告 ） 之间为被动关系， 且广告昨天已经刊发了，故用过去分词作定语。
So far nobody has claimed the money （discover） in the library.discovered,由于money与discover之间为被动关系，由句意可知，钱“已经” 被发现，故用过去分词作定语四 作表语分词作表语则说明主语的性质 像puzzled, surprised, excited 等-ed分词表示“（人）感到……的”实例解析1 Mrs. White showed her students some old maps (borrow) from thelibrary.borrowed,因maps与borrow之间为被动关系；再根据句意，地图是“已经” 借来了，所以用过去分词作定语2 The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already (lay)for a meal to be cooked.laid, 短语 lay a table 的意思是“摆桌子” ，因句中的 table 与动词 lay 之间 为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语3 A great number of students (q u e st i o n ) said they were forcedto practice the piano.questioned, 由于 students 与 question( 提问，询问 ) 之间为被动关系，故用过 去分词作定语。
4 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues (amuse) with her stories.amused,意思是Lucy让他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形 式作宾补 ( 相当于形容词作宾补的 ) ，故填 amused5 Almost 33 （ freeze）, the old man could not get off the ground.frozen,因句子主语the old man 与freeze（冻僵）是被动关系，故用过去分词 作原因状语6 It was a preside ntial talk 33 (deliver) at a time of econo mic un certa inty for many America n families.delivered, 过去分词作后置定语非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：一) •使用非谓动词的语言结构1) 在“句子,and/or/but +句子” 的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原 形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。
1. hard and you will succeed in the exam.2. hard or you will fail in the exam.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied 【答案：A A 】2) 在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：3. The teacher devoted his life to his career, most of hisstude nts successful in study.A. make B. to make C. making D. made 【答案：C】3) 在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：4. with childre n, I know what is n eeded most.A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 【答案：Bl4）在“ with +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：5. With her baby on her back, the womarwas cleaning the rich mans house.A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleepi ng 【答案：Dlthe boy felt very cool. 【答案：Bl…等使让动词或感观动6. With his hair like a role in the film,A. cut B. to be cut C. cutti ng D. to cut5） 在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear 词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。
7. He made his sister by tak ing away her toy.8. His sister was made by his tak ing away her toy.A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【答案：A B l9. the policeman found the thief his hand into an old man s pocketand arrested him.A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put 【答案：Bl 二）.非谓语动词考点易错点：1）表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况：10. , he fell asleep quickly.A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire 【答案：Cl11. The man won a big prize, and .A. surprised ; happy B. surpris ing ; happyC. surprised ; pleasant D. surprising ; pleased 【答案： Al12. __ in thought of the problems, the mandidn 't realize his girlfriends coming in.A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost 【答案： B】13. The students in art can sign in the form and be a member ofour school.A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. To interest 【答 案：c】2） 在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题：14. a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.A. Worn B. wear c. dressed in D. dressing 【答案： c】（wear的后面加衣服；dress表示动作时，后面要加人而不加衣； be dressed in 是固定搭配，其中的 dressed 已经演变成形容词， 本是其实可以看成是 whenthe girl is dressed in a white skirt 省略而来的。
）15. in a armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish andchips.A. Sit B. Sat c. Seating D. Seated 【答案： D】（Sit 是动词，这里应该用 sitting; seat 作动词时，其后不加凳子，要加人，而 且这个词一般用被动形式表示主动意义 ）3） 在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题：16. tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see adoctor.A. Look B. Looking c. Looked D. Looking 【答案： D】（ look 在本题中不是实意动词， 而是感观系动词， 系动词在非谓语中用主动式表 被动17. With manyproblems , the newly selected presidentwill have a hard time.A. remain; unsettled B. remaining; unsettledc. remained ; unsettling D. remained; unsettling 【答案： B】（用with开头的部分在这里是一个介词短语，不是句子，因此用非谓语，而remain 表示“仍然；仍然是”时是系动词，只能用主动形式； problems与unsettle是动 宾关系或被动关系，所以用过去分词 unsettled. ）18. Having someclothes , I cannot join you to see the film.A. to wash B. to be washed c. washed D . washing 【答案： A】（宾语补足语中的动词用非谓语动词；虽然衣服应该是被洗，但是当句子主语 与不定式为主谓关系时，我们用主动形式表被动。
）19. smooth, this kind of pen sells well in our school.A. To write B. Writing c. being written D. Written 【答案 ：B】（解析：动词如果不是表示动作，而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时，往 往用主动形式表示被动4） 从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题：逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致， 有时逻辑主语不一致 逻辑主语不一 致时，非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语， 这种现象叫做 “分词的独立主格结构 ”20. from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.A. To see B. Seeing c. Seen D. Saw 【21答案： c】（解析：空格处的动词本身没有带主语，那么本句的主语 the mountain 就要做其 逻辑主语，由于the mountain与see是动宾关系，所以我们选用过去分词21. , I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 【22答案： C】A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting（解析：permit与I没有主谓关系，也没有动宾关系， permit自带了逻辑主语time（ “时间允许的话”），而time与permit为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分 词的独立结构。
三） 注意的几点：1） 有些分词有时可作分词有时又可作形容词22. enemy, Liu Hunan was very brave. 【23答案 C】23. with difficulties, we should not give in. 【24答案 B】A. To face B. Faced C. Facing D. face（解析： 22题中的 face 是一个动词，由于与 Liu Hunan 是逻辑上的主谓关系，我 们用现在分词形式，；23题中实际上考查了 be faced with 这一固定搭配，其中的 faced 看成形容词24. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, to help solvethe crisis.25. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, at helping solvethe crisis.A. aim B. aimi ng C. aimed D. to aim 【25选 B 26 选 C】（解析： 24题考查了动词 aim to do sth.（ 旨在做某事） ，；25题考查固定搭配 beaimed at doing sth.（ 旨在做某事）其中的aimed看成形容词）26. Though money, his parents sent him to a key university.27. Though in money, his parents sent him to a key university.28. Though in of money, his parents sent him to a key university.A. lack B. lacking C. lacked D. to lack 【27选B 28选B、29选A】（解析：26题中非谓语动词lacking （与his parents 及mone分别构成逻辑上的 主谓关系和动宾关系） ；27题中考查了固定搭配： be lacking in（ “缺少” ），其 中的lacking 为形容词；28题考查了固定搭配（介宾结构）in lack of（ “缺少”）， 其中的 lack 是名词，这其实是由 though his parents were in lack of money 省略了主语和were而业的）2） 作结果状语时，doing与（only）to do 的区别。
表示结果状语时，现在分词（v+ing ）表示意料之中的结果；而不定式（to do/ only to do ）表示意料之外的结果：29. His parents were killed in the accident,（thus ） him an orphan.A. leave B. leavi ng C. left D. to leave 【30 选 B]（解析：他父母出了事故， 他变成了孤儿就是意料之中在事情了， 用现在分词表 结果状语30. I hurried to school, only that it was Su nday. 【31 选 D]A. find B. finding C. found D. to find（解析：发现是星期天是我匆忙赶到学校意料之外的结果， 说明我忘记了， 如果 我知道是星期天就不可能还匆忙地赶到学校了 用不定式表意料之外的的结果 ）3） 作主语时，非谓语动词之to do与doing的区别31. is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 【32选B】A. The walk B. Walki ng C. To walk D. Walk（不定式做主语常表示具体的一次性的动作；动句词表示一般的经常性的动作， 多次散步才会有利于健康。
4）演变成了介词或连词的分词英语中有些词表面上看是分词，但实际上已经变成了介词，因此应该用ing形式 还是分词ed形式已经变得约定俗成了这时往往不适用非谓动词规则，而是看 英美人士的习惯32. her age ， she looks quite youngA. Consider B. Considered C. To consider D. Considering（解析：题意是：“就她的年龄而论，她显得十分年轻这里的considering表 示“考虑到；鉴于”，它已经变成了介词，不管是“考虑还是被考虑”这里都用considering 高中阶段我们还学过的有：介词concerningregard ingaccordi ng toin cludi ngowi ng to关于关于根据；按照包括因为；由于连词give nsuppos ingsee ing (that)imagi ngprovid in g/pro vided鉴于假如因为；既然假如假如5） 有些非谓语动词是省略而来的，有些则不是33. by her mother, the girl burst into tears. 【34选 B]A. Be scolded B. Scolded C. Scoldi ng D. To scold（解析：scold与the girl是动宾关系，因此用过去分词作原因状语；其实这个 句子也是由一个完整的原因状语从句省略来的。
原句为： Because the girl wasscolded by her mother, the girl burst into tears. 当主从复合句的主语一致，且谓语动词里有be动词时，可以把 “连词+主语+be”部分省略34. the tomb for 5 years, he is now called an expert more orless. 【选 B]A. Study ing B. Having studied C. Having bee n studied D. To study（解析：逗号前面部分不是句子省略而来，由于 he与study是逻辑上的主谓关系，加上study在先（有5年了），被叫做“专家”在后，所以用非谓语动词的 主动完成式6） “连词+分词”和“介词+动名词”的区别35. if ano ther hour, I would have fini shed it better.（give 的恰当形式填空）36. While homework, the boy likes liste ning to light music.（do 的恰当形式填空）（解析：35.given 是由if I had been given another hour 省略来的，if 在省略前省略后都是连词；36.doi ng 是由while the boy are doi ng homework省略来的，while在省略前后都是连词）37. After , he found a job as a secretary in acompany.（graduate的恰当形式填空）38. Before a proper pers on to be the new preside nt, the oldpreside nt would n ' t resig n.（select 的恰当形式填空）（解析：37. graduating/graduation after 这时是个介词，所以后面总是用动名词，如果改为 after he graduated ，那么这个after就变成了连词。
38 题中的before用法与after 一样，后面加句子时，是连词，后面只加一个动词 时，要用动名词形式，并充当介词所以 38填selecting ）选择题()1 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit on hisown farm.A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow()2 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the man ager set out for theairport in a hurry.A. Remi nding B. Remin ded C. To remi nd D.Havi ngremin ded()3 the right kind of training , these tee nage soccer playersmay one day grew the intern ati onal stars.A. Givi ng B. Havi ng give n C. To give D. Give n()4 Now that we ' ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisi ons ?A. taki ng B. take C. take n D. to take()5 With the government' s aid, those by the earthquake have movedto the new settleme nts.A. affect B. affecti ng C. affected D. wereaffected()6 Ladies and gen tleme n, please rema in un til the pla ne has cometo a complete stop.A. seated B. seati ng C. to seat D.seat()7 by the adva nces in tech no logy, many farmers have set up windfarms on their land.A. Being encouragedB. Encouraging C. Encouraged D.Havingen couraged()8 .and short ofbreath, Andy and Ruby were the firstto reachthe top of Mount Tai.A. Tire B. TiredC. Tiring D. Being tired()9 Michael 's new house is like a hugepalace,with his old one.A.compari ngB. comparesC.to compare D. compared()10 We fini shed the run in less tha n half the time .A.allowi ng B.to allow C.allowed D.allows()11 The trees in the storm have bee n moved off the road.A.being blown down B.blown down C.blowing down D.to blow down()12 It is one of the funniest things on the Internet so farthis year.A.fi nding B.be ing found C.to find D.found()13 To learn English well , weshould find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A.speak B.speak ing C.spoke n D.to speak()14 “Things never come again! ” I couldn ' t help talking tomyself.A.lost B.lo si ng C.to lose D.havelost()15 There have been several new events to the program for the2008 Beiji ng Olympic Games.A.add B.to add C.add ing D.added()16 A good story does not n ecessarily have to have a happy ending ,but the reader must not be left .A.un satisfied B.un satisfy ing C.to be un satisfy ingD.being unsatisfied()17 for the breakdown of the school computer network , Alice wasin low spirits.A.Blami ng B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed()18 Five people won the “China' s Green Figure ” award, a title — to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protecti on.A.bei ng give n B.is give n C.give n D.was give n()19 The prize of the game show is $30 , 000 and an all expenses — vacati on to China.A.payi ng B.paid C.to be paid D.bei ng paid()20 into use in April , 2000, the hotline was meant for residentsreport ing water and heat ing supply breakdow ns.A.Put B.Putti ng C.Havi ng put D.Bei ng put答案解析1 A 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 C 11 B 12 D 13 C 14 A15 D16 A 17 B 18 C 19 B 20 A填空题1 The man agers discussed the pla n that they would like to see (carry) out the n ext year.2 To lear n En glish well, we should find opport un ities to hear En glish (speak) as much as we can.3 He is very popular among his stude nts as he always tries to make them (in terest) in his lectures.4 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work (finish),he gladly accepted it.5 He had it (fix), because he doesn ' t know much about computers.6. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her writtenEn glish (improve) in a short period.7. Helen had to shout to makeherself (hear) above the sound of themusic.8 (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alicewas in low spirits.9 When (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trainedfor a space flight.10 The flowers his frie nd gave him will die uni ess (water) everyday.11 The trees (blow) in the storm have bee n moved off the road.12. Can those (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me?13. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons (fini sh) for the day.14 (give) the gen eral state of health, it may take him a while torecover from the operatio n.15 (look at) in this way, the situation doesn ' t seem sodisappo in ti ng.16 Most of the photographers (in vite) to the conference were fromnorth Europe.17 The speaker raised his voice but couldn ' t make himself .(hear)18 In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours my study.(lock)19 Mrs. Bush stood (surprise) for a momentwhenan old soldier suddenlyappeared before her.20 (determ ine) to complete the job on time, they set out to workimmediately(答案都是用— ed 形式)翻译题：1 考虑所有事情之后，之前计划好的旅行不得不被取消。
( consider, have to )All things considered , the planned trip will have to be called off.2 . 看到那条巨蛇后，小女孩站在树下害怕的要死 .(see, out of one ' s life)Seeing the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree, frightenedout of her life.3 一般来说，当采取根据方向时药物没有副作用 .(side effect)Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.4这项研究被设计为 一旦开始 任何事情都无法改变它(的进行)so….that… once)The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.5 建于 1613年的哈佛，是美国最著名的大学之一。
Founded in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.6 你要是去西安，你会发现那里的宫殿比一般认为的壮丽得多 ( magnificent; than)If you go to Xi'an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly supposed7给予更多的关注，树可以生长更好Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.8 当和整个地球相比时，最高的山根本就不算高Whencompared with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.9被单独留在漆黑的房间里，小男孩吓哭了Left alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.10 以友善的方式解决 , 他们的争吵也结束了。
( settle;come to an end ) Settled in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.语法填空1 was always told that the three Ps, patie nee, positive thi nking andpersevera nee, were a sure path 1 success.But this advice does notalways work as planned. Myhigh school maths examis one example. The exam,2 was orig in ally to be held in our classroom, 3 (eha nge) tothe library at the last minute. This, 4 , didn ' t bother mebecausemaths had always bee n my stron gest subject. I patie ntly walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax 5 .But my mood cha nged quickly whe n I saw the first questi on. I had no idea howto do it. I tried to stay 6 (positive) and persevered 7 Ifin ally found the soluti on. With the problem 8 (solve),I felt proudof my achievement.9 (fortunate),I then noticed that I had just 10min utes left 10 (complete) the rest.1 to 2 which 3 was cha nged 4 however 5 myself 6 positive 7 un til8 solved 9 Unfortun ately 10 to complete语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_ to make (make) seriousresearch of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]_ based_( base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3] to search(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hyp no sis. Hewa nted to see if [4] putt ing ( put)patie nts into a sleep-like con diti on would help ease [5]_ troubled ( trouble ) min ds. In most cases he found the effects on ly temporary.Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method invoIved [6]_ sitting_ (sit) with his patients and [7]_ listening _( listen ) to them talk. He had them [8]_ talk _(talk )about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that en tered their mind had to [9]_ beexpressed __(express ). There could be no[10]_ holding (hold ) back because of fear or guilt.。