Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? ★until prep.直到until用于表示动作、状态等的持续,可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”在肯定句中,它与表示持续性状态的动词连用,表示持续到某一时刻:I’ll wait here until 5. 我会在这里等到5点钟在否定句中,它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用,表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”:from morning till/to night 从早到晚She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6点才能来The rain did not stop until this morning.His father didn't die until he came back. until(后的从句)的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做?做了前面的主句用肯定;没做用否定I stayed in bed until he woke me upI didn`t get up until he woke me up主名中动词为延续性动词,用until主名中动词为非延续性动词,用not…untilI will wait for you until you come back.I won`t leave until you come back. ★outside adv. 外面(作状语)还可作n. adj. prep.the outside of the house 房子的外面(n..)an outside toilet 户外的厕所(adj.)It was dark outside 外面很黑(adv.)He is waiting for me outside. (adv.)It`s outside my business 这不关我的事(prep.)★ring(rang. rung) v.(铃、等)响 ① vt. 鸣,(铃、等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)Every morning the clock rings at 6. 这钟每天早上6点响。
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.而风铃等响要用jingle,jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当② vt. 打给(美语中用call)ring sb.(up) 给某人打还可以用call sb (up) / phone sb. / telethone sb. /give sb. a phone call Please ring me when you get home.到家后请来个Did you ring the doctor? 你给医生打了吗ring off 挂断③ n. (打)give sb. a ringRemember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.④ n. 环状物 (尤指)戒指 a wedding ring 结婚戒指a diamond ring 钻石戒指dark rings around her eyes 黑眼圈ring finger 无名指 或 the third finger大拇指 thumb 小拇指 little finger 或 pinkde 食指 index finger 或 the first finger或pointer中指 middle finger 或 the second finger★aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)男性则是uncle: 叔叔 他们的孩子:cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子:nephew 外甥;niece 外甥女★repeat v. 重复 repetition n.. 重复① vt. 重复Will you repeat the last word?您能重说一下最后一个字吗?They are repeating that wonderful play.他们正在重演那部精彩的戏剧。
② vi. 重做,重说. A m I repeating myself?我以前说过这件事吗?Please repeat after me.请跟我重复Don't repeat. 不要重复课文讲解】 1、It was Sunday.那是个星期天在句子中,我们常常用it指时间、天气、温度或距离,这种it被称为“虚主语”(empty subject)因为它没有实际意义它之所以存在,是因为英语句子必须包含主语和谓语请注意以下例句:表示时间: It is 8 o'clock. 8点了表示天气: It's raining again.又下雨了表示环境: It was dark outside.外面一片漆黑作为第三人称单数的中性代词,it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人:It was my aunt Lucy.是我姑母露西打来者)It is a lovely baby. 真是个可爱的小宝宝2、I never get up early on Sundays.on Sundays: (1)复数形式指所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用,表示经常性的行为We do not go to school on Sundays.I never get up early on Sundays.(2)介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中:on Monday,on Monday morning,on that day当使用last,next,this,that时,介词(以及定冠词)必须省略:I’ll see you next/this Friday.下个/这个星期五再见。
never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)I don't like her.=I never like her.Never fear 别害怕 Never give up永不许放弃Never say die永不言败 Never lose heart 决不要灰心丧气3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词:You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 你必须再卧床两天What time did you go to bed last night? 你昨晚几点睡的?It’s time for bed now. 该睡觉了sometimes 有时候 some times 几次 几倍sometime 某个时候 some time 一段时间4、Last Sunday I got up very late.stay up late 熬夜 醒着 不去睡lately / recently 最近(通常用在现在完成时和一般过去时中)5、I looked out of the window.look out of 向…外看 反义词 look into向…里看look into还可以表示“调查” look out 小心6、It was dark outside. ‘What a day!’ I thought.‘What a day!感叹句=‘What a terrible day!7、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. just then: 就在那时 如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用it取代 Who are you?/Who is it?8、I've just arrived by train,by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数);如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或onI go out in/on two buses. (指具体的两辆车介词用in/on) 如果是特指的交通工具,则要加冠词或其他限定词:My aunt left by the 9:15 train. 我姑妈乘9点1刻的火车走的。
by air 乘飞机 by bicycle/bike 骑自行车by boat乘船by bus 乘公共汽车by car 乘小汽车 by land 由陆路by plane 乘飞机 by sea 由海路by ship乘船by train 乘火车Every morning he goes to school by bus.他每天早上坐公共汽车去上学Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.很早以前人们只能乘船去美洲用take交通工具前加a 如take a train 坐火车take a bus/car take a plane take a ship9、I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你. 用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来,表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作同样用法的动词有:go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join…10、Dear me!天哪! 这个感叹方式可以表示惊愕、困惑、同情等还可以说“Oh, dear!”或“Dear, dear!” 英国人说Dear me!或My dear!美国人说 : My god! (发啊的音)美英的发音不同. 【Key structures】 关键句型1、现在进行时(The present progressive tense)和一般现在时(The present simple tense)现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。
现在进行时常与now,just,still等副词连用:I am working as a teacher. "现阶段"He is still sleeping. (现在还在睡觉)Jane is just dressing up. 简正在打扮一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情一般现在时一般与频率副词often,always,sometimes,never,frequently,rarely,ever等连用Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him. 海伦从来不给她兄弟托尼写信她有时给他打频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后;如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间;疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面在否定句中not必须放在always之前,而且也出现在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前;not必须出现在sometimes和frequently之后表示肯定的副词可以用在句尾;在特别强调和需要对比时,frequently [ˈfri:kwəntli](频繁地,屡次地;往往;动;动辄)、generally [ˈdʒenrəli](一般地,通常;广泛地,普遍地;概括地;主要地)、normally [ˈnɔ:məli](正常地;通常地,一般地;按说;论理)、sometimes、usually等副词可用于句首。
I get paid on Friday usually. 我通常星期五领工资 very often the phone rings when I’m in bath.非实义动词 :① 系动词(be) ② 帮助动词构成时态的助动词 ③ 情态动词(must, can, may) 除此外皆实义动词. I frequently go to bed hungry. (形容词作状语)He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学. You must come here hungry.空腹来这里. 【Special Difficulties】 感叹句2、以what开头的感叹句(Exclamations):在英语中可用what引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情,在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序What 对名词感叹,结构:What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!What a good girl (she is)! (主、谓可省)有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词一般省形容词表示批评或不大好的意思What a thing to say! 多么难听的话啊!What a day! 鬼天气! What a lot of flowers! How对形容词感叹,结构:how + adj. + a/an +n.(+主语+谓语)!陈述句变感叹句全解把一个陈述句变为感叹句时,常使用“一分二加三换位四去掉”的方法。
具体步骤为: 第一步:“一分”,即在谓语动词后面划一双竖线,使句子分为两部分如:He is ‖a very honest boy.他是一个诚实的孩子Li Lei works‖ very hard.李雷学习很刻苦第二步:“二加”即如果第二部分的中心词是名词,就加上what;如果是形容词或副词,就加上how.如: He is ‖(what) a very honest boy. Li Lei works‖(how) very hard.第三步:“三换位” 即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置,句号换位感叹号如:What a very honest boy he is! How very hard Li Lei works!第四步:“四去掉” 即原陈述句中含有very, too等程度副词时,在变成感叹句时要去掉以上两个句子就应该变为以下形式: What an honest boy he is! How hard Li Lei works!This is a wonderful garden. 变为What a wonderful garden this is! 或How wonderful a garden this is!This is a surprise!只能变What a surprise this is!He is causing a lot of trouble! 只能变为 What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!通常复数名词用what引导句型一:What +名词+主语+谓语!What a shame! 真倒霉! What a surprise! 真是没料到的事! (可数单数)What fools they are! 他们多傻啊!(可数复数)What nonsense! 真是胡说八道!(不可数名词)句型二:What+形容词+名词+主语+谓语! What a fine day! 多好的天气呀!What a slow train this is! 这列火车开得多慢呀!What clever boys they are! 他们是多么聪明的孩子啊!What beautiful weather we have! 天气真好! 句型三:How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!How nice! 多好呀! How well she plays! 她演奏得多么好啊! How beautiful the city is! 这座城市多么美丽!句型四:How +形容词+ a +单数可数名词+主语+谓语!How tall a boy he is! 他是一个多高的孩子啊! How interesting a story it is! 这是个多有趣的故事啊!注意:这类结构中的名词必须是单数可数名词,不能是复数名词,也不能是不可数名词,且名词前的不定冠词不能省略。
句型五:How +主语+谓语!how在感叹句中修饰动词感叹句有时可用“how+主语+动词”构成,此时how直接用于修饰动词如:How he worked! 他多么肯干啊! How I missed you. 我多么想念你啊 How he wished for a drink! 他多希望能有点东西喝!How you’ve grown! 你都长这么大啦! How you’ve changed! 你的变化真大! How things get around! Everyone must know you are in town. 消息传得多快!人们一定都知道你到城里来了 这类感叹句可视为how的后面省略了一个不言而喻的副词如第一句可视为在how之后省略了副词hard,第二、三句可视为在how之后省略了副词muchMultiple choice questions】8 He_a_out of the window and saw that it was raining. a. looked b. saw c. remarked d. watchedlook 表示看的动作,后面一定要加介词see 表示看的结果,后面直接加宾语watch 表示观看,后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西look at pictures (对);watch pictures(错)11 Breakfast is the first ___d___ of the day.a. food b. dinner c. lunch d. meallunch 中餐 food 食物 dinner 正餐 一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐. meal 一顿饭。