ElementsoftheSentence(句子成分）句子中的单词或词组在句子可以充当：句子中的单词或词组在句子可以充当：主语、谓语（连系动词）、宾语主语、谓语（连系动词）、宾语/表语、定语、状语表语、定语、状语等成分People leave some tips in restaurants.She is studying very hard.Li Hui can speak two foreign languages fluently.主语谓语动词定语宾语状语Peoplesometipsin restaurants.leaveLi Huican speak two foreignlanguagesfluently.very hard.Sheis studyingPetsareourfriends.Theteacherwasnotpleasedwithmyanswer.Helenlookedworriedyesterday.主语连系动词定语表语状语Petsourfriends.arewith my answer.Helenlookedworriedyesterday.pleasedTheteacherwas not1.Lindaopenedthepresentinfrontofherguest.2.Theguestsbroughttheirfavouritefoodstotheparty.3.Mymumseldomgetsangrywithme.4.Thetaxidrivergotabigtip.5.Theywerepleasedwiththehotelservice.6.Thepicturelookedbeautiful.7.Mr.Whitecleanedalltheroomswithavacuumcleaner.8.Peopleusuallyshakehandswitheachotherwhentheymeetforthefirsttime.主语主语定语定语谓语谓语宾语宾语状语状语主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语状语状语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语定语定语宾语宾语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语连系连系表语表语表语表语表语表语连系连系连系连系Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）什么是什么是宾语宾语？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydontyoupayattentiontome?宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
eg.We know Mr Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态由从属连词由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句（一）引导词1 12 23 3注：注：that在句中无词汇意义在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在从句中不能充当成分，只起到了引导从句的作用，在口语当中往往省略只起到了引导从句的作用，在口语当中往往省略由从属连词由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句if/whether“是否是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚常用在常用在ask,wonder,can(could)you tell me 等后由由连接代词连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及及连接连接副词副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句。
引导的宾语从句代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略有一定的意义，不可省略vI know he lives here .vI know he lived here tenyearsago.vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.二、时态二、时态1.主句用与现在或将来有关的时态，从句可用任何时态，主句用与现在或将来有关的时态，从句可用任何时态，2.根据实际情况而定根据实际情况而定What does he/she say?We will have an English test next week.He says(that)we will have an English test next week.Mike often plays football at weekends.She says(that)Mike often plays football at weekends.Mr White is reading in the living room.He says(that)Mr White is reading in the living room.Tom has been to America six times.She says(that)Tom has been to America six times.2.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）vI knew who lived here.vI saw she was talking with her mother.vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.vHe said that he had seen it.What did she/he say?We will have an English test next week.He said that we would have an English test next week.Mike often plays football at weekends.She said that Mike often played football at weekends.Mr White is reading in the living room.He said that Mr White was reading in the living room.Tom has been to America six times.She said that Tom had been to America six times.Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。
仍用一般现在时Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生 在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时注意：注意：1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.I hear they _ (return)it already.4.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)5.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)will be will go have returned had been riseseg.1.Ihear(that)_.2.（一小时后他会回来）（一小时后他会回来）hewillbebackinanhour2.Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）（地球围着太阳转）hemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesun三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idontknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idontknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats happening?What happened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及以及what,who作主语时，作主语时，语序不变语序不变：eg:Idontknowwhatsthematter.Canyoutellmewho is over there?Canyoutellmewho he is?做主语做主语做宾语做宾语1.Heasked_.2.(谁能回答这个问题）谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_?（他们在等谁）（他们在等谁）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingfor3.Heasked_.（谁的书法是班上最好的）（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_.（我们什么时候开会）（我们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_.（他在哪儿）（他在哪儿）whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwellhaveameetingwhereheis8.Couldyoutellme_.（我该怎么去车站）（我该怎么去车站）9.Wouldyoutellme_.（为什么火车迟到了）（为什么火车迟到了）howIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate注意：that不能省略的2种情况（2）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时做形式宾语的宾语从句时（it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾）从句则放在句尾）I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.We heard it that she would get married next month.（1）当）当that作介词作介词except,inexcept,in 宾语时宾语时They believe in that she must still be single.I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.只能用只能用 whether不能用不能用 if 的情况的情况1.在介词后面：在介词后面：Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.2.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时:Idontknowwhetherhesfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryoudliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Iwonder_heiswell.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether宾语从句三要素时时 态态Summary (小结）小结）引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC Practice5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoBCDJoin the following two sentences together by using“He has said”or “He has asked”1.He will be here to visit me very soon.2.Is Mount Huang more beautiful than you think?7.Do the animal years really tell us about the person?6.Are you interested in learning English idioms?5.Do you know his address?4.He hopes to know the truth of the story.8.Has the film begun?3.Does Mr.Smith come from Africa?将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to go skiing?He asked.4.He is doing his homework.He said.5.He will come back.Tom said.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what I will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.6.Is she doing her homework?Jim asked.7.When will he come back?Tom asked.8.How can I get to the station?Could you tell me?9.Why is the train late?Would you tell me?10.Where is Tom?They asked.Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.Jim asked if she was doing her homework./p/peet/t/5pr5prRRblblEEm/dm/dII5b5beIeIt/t/5f5feIeIvvEE/brbreIeIvv/5l/5lEJEJnlnlII/5/5EJEJn nEE/5d/5deIeIndVndVEE/rreIeIzz/5 5B:B:gjgjU:U:/trtri:i:t t/5fr/5freendlndlII/5/5:WkwWkweIeIk/k/5r5ri:i:s sEEnt/nt/5b/5beerrII/EE5d5dIIFEn/FEn/EE5t5tA Ak/k/1.petn.宠物，宠儿petdog/food/namekeepapetkeepadogasapet2.debaten./v争辩，辩论n.haveadebateafiercedebateon/aboutsth.一场围绕着的激烈的辩论3.favour（favor)n.dosb.afavour=givesb.ahand恩惠Areyouinfavourofkeepingpets?赞成Amothershouldntshowtoomuchfavortooneofherchildren.做母亲的不应过分偏爱某一个孩子。
4.lonelyadj.孤独的,寂寞的,孤寂的feellonely系词表语alonelymountainvillage定语偏僻的,人迹罕至的lonelinessn.aloneadj./advShewatchesTVwhensheisalone.Therentaloneis$300.只有,仅;单单副词adv.ForyearsMarylivedaloneinNewYork.Ipany陪伴某人/(与)形影不离=keepcompanywithsb.Ritashusbandisawayforweeks,soIthoughtIdgooverand_.Bettywasgladtohavethedogascompany.（伴）setup/startacompany（公司）manage/runacompany（公司）keep her company6.danger 危险；风险危险；风险 Heisindangeroflosinghisjobifhegoesonlikethis.Thewoundedpolicemanisnowoutofdanger.adj.dangerousv.endanger7.arguevi.争论,辩论;争吵arguewith/over/aboutImnotgoingtoarguewithyoutonight.Theywerearguingabouthowtospendthemoney.Thefamilyarguedoverwhoshouldinherit（继承）thehouse.n.haveanargumentabout/over/with8.friendly adj.be friendly to sb.n.-adj.lovely likely yearly monthly daily brotherly motherly orderlyly8.recentadj.最近的；进来的arecentnewspaperreport/survey/studyGreatchangeshave taken place inrecentyears.adv.recentlyIhaventseenhimrecently.=lately（完成时态）9.additionn.加（法）doadditionandsubtractionTheadditionoffruitmakesthecerealtastegood.inaddition/besidesinadditionto/besidesThehotelcanaccommodate80guestsand,inaddition,thereareseveralself-cateringapartments.10.problemhaveaproblemwithsolveaproblemnoproblemaproblemchildthesolution(s)totheproblem(s)Petsarefriendlyhelpfulcleverstrongbravequietprettyfunnyloyal（忠实的）（忠实的）be good for healthbe easy to take care ofLookatpicturesandcompletethesentencesPetsare_topeople.Whenwefeel_,Petscan_us_.friendlylonelykeepcompanyLookatpicturesandcompletethesentencesWhenpeopleare_,Somepetscan_.indangersavepeople_isgoodexercise,WalkingadogSosomepetsare_peopleshealth.goodforModel1:A:I wonder which animal you like best.B:Cats.Cats are my favorite animals.A:Can you tell me why you like them best?B:Because they are quiet and easy to take care of.They are also good at catching mice.friendly lovely clever strong cute quiet pretty good at funny good for easy to take care of Work in pairs to discuss which animal you like best after the model:_._.Pets dirtydangerousnoisyterrible(sometimes)bark loudlyeven bite peopleLookatpicturesandcompletethesentences.People_toomuchmoney_pets.spendonSometimespetsare_.dirtySotheymaymakepeople_.sickLookatpicturesandcompletethesentences.Sometimespetsbarkloudly.Andtheymake_.alotofnoiseSomedogseven_people.biteWhileTextA:Somestudentsareinfavourofkeepingpets.B:Somestudentsareagainstkeepingpets.B:Whenweareindanger,somepetscansaveus.A:Whenweareindanger,allofthepetscansaveus.Listentothefirstparagraphandchoosetherightstatements.WhileHowever,otherstudentswere_keepingpets.Theythinkthatpeople_toomuchmoneyonpets.Intheiropinion,peopleshoulddonatethemoneytothe_.Inaddition,somepetsarevery_andtheymakealotof_.Somedogseven_people.Theyare_.Listentothesecondparagraphandfillintheblanks.WhileagainstspendpoordirtynoisebitedangerousAnswerquestionsforthewholetext.1.Whatdidthestudentsargueaboutyesterday?2.Whatcanpetsdowhenwefeellonely?3.Whocansaveuswhenweareindanger?4.Whowasthewinneratlast?Why?*5.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?They argued about whether we should encourage people to keep pets.They can keep us company when we feel lonely.Some strong pets can save us when we are in danger.postBoth sides were winners because they had good reasons.We can learn why some people keep pets and what problems there may be with pets.1.进行一场辩论赛进行一场辩论赛2.为为争论争论3.鼓励鼓励做某事做某事4.养宠物养宠物5.赞成赞成6.根据某人的意见根据某人的意见7.对某人友好对某人友好8.与某人做伴与某人做伴9.感到孤独感到孤独10.而且而且11.对对有好处有好处12.遛狗遛狗13.一种好的一种好的运动运动1.haveadebate2.argueabout3.encouragesb.todo4.keeppets5.beinfavourof/pany9.feellonely10.whatsmore/inaddition/besides1.begoodfor2.walkadog3.goodexercise14.反对反对15.把把捐给捐给16.穷人穷人17.发出很多噪音发出很多噪音18.双方双方19.有充分的理由有充分的理由20.咬人咬人21.挽救某人的生命挽救某人的生命beagainstdoingdonatetosb.thepoormakealotofnoisebothsideshavegoodreasonsbitepeoplesaveoneslife/livesFororAgainstKeepingPetsReasonsforkeepingpets1.Mr.Liismyneighbor.Heisseventyyearsold.Hehasnochild.Sohekeepsapetdog.Itcan_.2.Somestrongdogscan_ourliveswhenweareindanger.Policedogscan_aswell.3.Ifyoukeepapetdog,_everydayis_.Whatsmore,ifyouareoverweight,itcanhelpyou_.Sosomepetdogsdogoodto_.savekeephimcompanypeopleshealthgoodexerciseWhilecatchthieveswalkingadogloseweightReasonsagainstkeepingpets1.Somepeoplespendtoomuch_on_.Therearestillmanypeoplewhohaventenough_.Sosomestudentssuggestthattheyshould_thepoor.2.Somepetsare_and_.Thatmaycause_amongneighbors.3.Somedogseven_.Theyare_.donatethemoneytomoneypetsdirtynoisybitepeopledangerousFororAgainstKeepingPetsWhilefoodtroubleWatchavideowithsomequestionsandthenanswerthem.Howmanyanimalsarethereinthevideo?Aretheyallpets?Dothehostandthehostesswanttogoonkeepingthepetsorgetridofonepet?Why?Whichpetdoesthehostlikebetter?Why?Whichpetdoesthehostessprefer?Why?VideotimeAnswerthefollowingquestionsHowmanyanimalsarethereinthevideo?Aretheyallpets?Dothehostandthehostesswanttogoonkeepingthepetsorgetridofonepet?Why?Whichpetdoesthehostlikebetter?Why?Whichpetdoesthehostessprefer?Why?Three.No,theyarent.Thedogandthecatarepets.Theywanttogetridofonepetbecausetheyeattoomuch.Helikesthedogbetterbecausehethinksdogsaremansgoodfriends.Sheprefersthecatbecauseitcankeephercompanyandcatchmice.ReadingCaptainShieldswasBears_.Bear_adrowningboywhenhewasonly_.CaptainShieldsandBeararrivedat_ruins38minutesaftertheattack.Bearworkedformorethan_daysto_thepeopleburiedintheruins.Becauseofthehardwork,Bearwasmuch_thanbefore.Beardiedatageof_.ThebesttitleforthispassageI_.ownersaveda year and a half oldthe World Trade CenterfourfindthinnertwelveThe Most Celebrated Dog in the WorldHowoldwasBear?WhatcouldBearunderstand?HowdidCaptainShieldstreatBear?WhydidBearjumpintotheriver?WhendidBeararriveattheWorldTradeCenter?HowmanydogshelpedattheWorldTradeCenter?Howlongdidtheyworkthere?WhathappenedtoBearatlast?Howdidpeoplehonorhim?一条12岁的金毛狗手令用西班牙语把当做一岁半跳下船一个溺水男孩在9月11日的早晨a12-year-oldgoldendoghandcommandsinSpanishtreatasayearandahalfold/oneandahalfyearsoldjumpoffaboatadrowningboyonthemorningofSeptember11hurryto/gotoinahurryTheWorldTradeCenterruinsburyintheruins350otherdogsfourmoredays/anotherfourdaysdropfromtoinhonorofnamesb.sth.namesb.sth.afterthemostcelebrateddog。