2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题It makes me（ ）when people don’t listen, and then ask silly questions.问题1选项A.furiousB.generousC.mysteriousD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题A选项 furious“生气的，狂怒的”；B选项generous“慷慨的”；C选项mysterious“神秘的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的”句意：别人不听，然后问些愚蠢的问题，这让我很生气选项A符合句意2. 单选题When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite（ ） qualified sources of information and examples.问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题A选项unbiased“公正的，无偏见的”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项distorted“扭曲的”；D选项conveyed“传达”。
句意：当你准备你的演讲时，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息来源和例子选项A符合句意3. 单选题This diploma is important, which（ ）that you have completed high school.问题1选项A.amplifiesB.certifiesC.clarifiesD.magnifies【答案】B【解析】动词辨析A选项amplify“放大，扩大”；B选项certify“证明”；C选项clarify“澄清，阐明”；D选项magnify“赞美，夸大”句意：这个文凭很重要，它能证明你已经完成高中学业选项B符合句意4. 单选题The（ ）of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.问题1选项A.conversionB.conventionC.conversationD.version【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析题A选项conversion“转化，变换”；B选项convention“约定，习俗”；C选项conversation“交谈，会话”；D选项version“版本”。
句意：把电能转换成热能是一个很容易以100%的效率进行的过程选项A符合句意5. 翻译题 In this section , there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don’t dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don’t appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations --trucking, financial advice, software engineering--have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn’t to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn’t go so well for Luddites(反对技术进步者）whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms , but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.Technology will improve society in ways big or small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.【答案】在中产阶级面临的诸多恼人挑战中，有一个很可能在下届总统竞选中会被忽视：当机器人来抢饭碗时会发生什么?不要完全排除这种可能性。
牛津大学的一项研究显示，美国约有一半的工作面临着被自动化取代的高风险，中产阶级受到了不成比例的挤压像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没有吸引力但许多中产阶级的职业---卡车运输、金融咨询、软件工程---已经引起了他们的兴趣，或者很快就会引起他们的兴趣富人拥有机器人，所以他们会没事的这不是危言耸听乐观主义者指出，技术变革在过去曾使工人受益工业革命对反对技术进步者来说并不那么顺利，他们的工作被机械化的织布机取代了，但工业革命最终提高了生活水平，创造的就业岗位比被摧毁的要多同样，自动化最终应该会提高生产率，通过压低价格来刺激需求，让工人从繁重、乏味的工作中解脱出来但从中期来看，中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助来进行调整未来几年，技术将大大小小的改善社会，但对于那些发现自己的生活和事业被自动化颠覆的人来说，这并不是什么安慰摧毁那些为我们工作而来的机器将是疯狂的但帮助工人适应的政策将是不可或缺的6. 单选题Many of the most flexible examples of tool use in animals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. But there are many examples of tool use by other mammals, as well as by birds and other types of animals.Tools are used by many species in the capture or preparation of food. Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring out ants and termites from their hiding places. Among the most complex tool use observed in the wild is the use of stones by Ivory Coast chimpanzees to crack nuts open. They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to place the nuts) and a small stone as a hammer. Stones suitable or use as anvils are not easy to find, and often a chimpanzee may carry haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil. The use of tools in chimpanzees is especially interesting because these animals sometimes modify tools to make them better suited for their intended purpose. To make a twig more effective for digging out termites, for example, a chimp may first strip it of its leaves.Surprisingly, there is also a species of bird that uses sticks to probe holes in the search for insects. One of the species of Galapagos finch, the woodpecker finch, picks up or breaks off a twig, cactus spine, or leaf stem. This primitive tool is then held in the beak and used to probe for insects in holes in trees that the bird cannot probe directly with its beak. Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey.Tools may also be used for defense. Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies. Studies have demonstrated that these crabs significantly improve their chances against predators such as octopus by means of this tactic. Also, many species of forest-dwelling primates defend themselves by throwing objects, including stones, at intruders.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.According to the passage, Ivory Coast chimpanzees are among the most remarkable of animal tool users because they （ ）.3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the behavior of the woodpecker finch?4.According to the passage, studies have shown that hermit crabs manage to turn octopus away by（ ）.问题1选项A.Primates are superior to other animals in using tools.B.The use of stones as tools is similar across different animal species.C.Birds and primates use tools that are different from those of sea animals.D.Many animals have developed effective ways of using tools.问题2选项A.use tools to gather foodB.use more than one tool to accomplish a taskC.transport tools from one place to anotherD.hide their tools from other animals问题3选项A.It uses its break as a weapon against its enemies.B.It uses the same twig to look for food in different trees.C.It uses twigs and leaves to build its nest.D.It avoids areas where cactus grows.问题4选项A.attacking the octopus with their clawsB.using stones as weaponsC.defending themselves with sea anemonesD.hiding under sea plants【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。
题目问的是“文章讨论的主要问题是……”文章第一段提到动物使用工具，主要是灵长类，但也有其他一些哺乳动物、鸟类等；第二段提到很多种类的动物使用工具来捕捉食物；第三段提到有些动物使用工具来挖洞或者找昆虫；最后一段提到动物使用工具来攻击由此可知选项D“许多动物开发了工具的有效使用方式”符合题意2.细节事实题题目问的是“根据文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的动物工具使用者，因为……”文章第二段提到“它们选择一块大而平的石头做砧板，另一块小一点的石头当锤子，有时候会推着坚果走到超过40米外的地方找合适的砧板”（They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to place the nuts) and a smaller stone as a hammer, sometimes carry a haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil），由此可知选项B“使用不止一种工具来完成任务”符合题意3.判断推理题题目问的是“下面哪个选项可以从文章中推断出啄木鸟的行为”。
文章第三段最后一句话提到“啄木鸟会带着它的细枝在树木之间飞来飞去”（Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey），可以推断出啄木鸟这么做是为了找虫子，选项B符合题意4.细节判断题题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，研究发现寄居蟹能够把章鱼赶走是通过……”文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用钳子抓住海葵作武器赶跑敌人”（Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies），选项C符合题意7. 单选题Everyone has a legal （ ）to provide the tax office with details of their earnings.问题1选项A.refinementB.constrictionC.obligationD.impulsion【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题A选项refinement“改进，改善”；B选项constriction“收缩，压缩”；C选项obligation“义务，职责”；D选项impulsion“冲动”。
句意：每个人都有法律义务向税务局提供他们收入的详细情况选项C符合句意8. 单选题The school has been （ ）as the meeting place for the evening art club.问题1选项A.designedB.designatedC.divertedD.diagnosed【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题A选项design“设计，构思”；B选项designate“指定，指派”；C选项 divert“转移”；D选项diagnose“诊断”句意：这所学校被指定为晚间艺术俱乐部的会址选项B符合句意9. 单选题The prime minister’s proposal for new taxes created such a(an) （ ）that his government fell.问题1选项A.sensationB.upheavalC.withdrawalD.outbreak【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题A选项sensation“轰动”；B选项upheaval“动乱，剧变”；C选项 withdrawal“撤退”；D选项outbreak“爆发”句意：首相的新税提案造成了如此大的动荡，以至于他的政府垮台了。
根据下文的内容可知，选项B更符合语境10. 单选题Remember to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题A选项warranty“保证，担保”；B选项promise“许诺，允诺”；C选项certificate“证书”；D选项receipt“收据”句意：记住要对这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们将不提供任何维修选项A符合语境11. 单选题If you（ ）someone, you feel great admiration and love for them.问题1选项A.advocateB.adjoinC.adoreD.addict【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题A选项advocate“拥护”；B选项adjoin“毗邻，连接”；C选项adore“崇拜，爱慕”；D选项addict“沉迷”句意：如果你崇拜一个人，你会钦佩和爱戴他根据下文的“admiration and love”可知选项C最为恰当。
12. 单选题The doctor told the students that a(n) （ ） disease was one that could be passed from one person to another.问题1选项A.effectiveB.infectiousC.coherentD.inherent【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题A选项effective“有效的，起作用的”；B选项infectious“传染的”；C选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；D选项inherent“固有的，内在的”句意：医生告诉学生传染病是一种可以从一个人传染给另一个人的疾病infectious disease意为“传染病”，所以选项B正确13. 单选题（ ）is forbidden in some states in the United States for religious reasons, while it is permitted in some other states.问题1选项A.ConceptionB.AbortionC.DeliveryD.Perception【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。
A选项Conception“怀孕”；B选项Abortion“堕胎，流产”；C选项Delivery“分娩”；D选项Perception“感知”句意：由于宗教原因，美国有些州禁止堕胎，而有些州允许堕胎选项B更符合语境14. 单选题It goes without saying that people who refuse to（ ）with the law will be punished.问题1选项A.concealB.consentC.abideD.comply【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题A选项conceal“隐藏，隐瞒”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项abide“忍受”；D选项comply“遵守”句意：不言而喻，拒绝遵守法律的人将受到惩罚comply with意为“遵守”，所以选项D正确15. 单选题Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid（ ）to the world’s poor.问题1选项A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。
A选项commitment“承诺，保证”；B选项engagement“约会，诺言”；C选项responsibility“责任，职责”；D选项application“应用，申请”句意：富裕国家在对援助世界穷国的责任方面远远落后选项C符合句意16. 单选题The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth’s resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way of defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting us—and the world—is a crisis that is no passing inconvenience , no by product of the ambitions of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists’ mere fears, no by product of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world’s children and future generation.1.Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities?2.The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our present situation is（ ）.3.According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality?4.By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws attention to the（ ） .问题1选项A.Lack of financial planning.B.The breakup of the family.C.Natural disasters in many regions.D.The excessive growth of motors.问题2选项A.a continuation of our present serious stateB.worldwide resources exploitation and energy useC.a movement forward to a new norm to planet research workD.a state where long-range planning is essential to us问题3选项A.Disregard for law.B.Lack of devotion.C.Lack of cooperation.D.Exploitation of resources.问题4选项A.significance of this crisisB.inadequacy of governmentsC.similarity of the past to the presentD.hopelessness of the situation【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。
根据第一段第二句“The over development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. 汽车运输的过度发展，伴随着更多的汽车，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊区，更多的通勤，已经导致了我们城市的几乎毁灭由此可知，导致城市几乎毁灭的是汽车运输的过度发展选项D选项‘汽车的过度增长’为正确答案2.细节事实题从文中第二段的内容和第二句结尾“long range planning is essential长期规划是必不可少的”，推知D项‘一个长期规划对我们至关重要的状态’为正确答案3.细节事实题从文中第三段第二句“There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all．In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly．有一种强烈的要求，要求道德复兴和一些足够广泛但又足够个人的奉献，以争取所有人的奉献。
在过去，只有在某种程度上，为了保卫自己的国家和自己的理想，人们才能够全心全意地奉献自己由此可知“Lack of devotion”正确，即B项为正确答案4.判断推理题从文中的内容推知，作者通过对过去和现在的问题的比较，是想使人们认识到能源危机的重要性，即A项为正确答案17. 单选题As a lawyer（ ）for his good judgment and eloquence, he is often invited to those grand banquets and meets those distinguished people from all circles.问题1选项A.notoriousB.notableC.nastyD.notified【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题A选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B选项notable“显著的，著名的”；C选项nasty“极差的，恶意的”；D选项notified“通知”句意：作为一个以良好的判断力和口才著称的律师，他经常被邀请参加那些盛大的宴会，会见来自各界的杰出人士选项B符合句意18. 单选题Various innovations have been introduced as ways to break off our system which forces students through a serious of identical classrooms in which teachers do most of the talking and students have little opportunity to respond. Among these innovations are team teaching and teaching aides, non-graded elementary and secondary schools, independent study, curricula focused on helping students discover things for themselves rather than on trying to tell them everything, and schools designed for maximum flexibility so that students can work alone, or in small groups, or take part in large--group instruction via diverse media. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. Many people who have a strong dislike to organizing instruction scientifically and to bringing new technology into the schools and colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students learn are disregarded when they are taught the same thing, in the same way, at the same time. There is no escaping the evidence that many students themselves feel little enthusiasm and even outright hostility for the present way schools and colleges are organized and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. Or it is programming which merely reproduces conventional classroom responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels of understanding. Technological media can store information until it is needed or wanted. They can distribute it over distances to reach the students where he happens to be. They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students’ opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning.1.The author is mainly concerned with （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the article that a good educational system must （ ）.3.The negative reactions of students to technology are the result of （ ）.4.All of the following are mentioned as a capability are the result of（ ）.问题1选项A.providing the possibility for students to take the courses they wantB.making technology an active tool in the schoolC.relieving the teacher from routine dutiesD.meeting the needs of each student问题2选项A.not depend on teachersB.make use of varying methods of teachingC.place a renewed emphasis on scienceD.not organize their instruction问题3选项A.unknown factorsB.a general hostility toward educationC.its misuseD.its newness in the schools问题4选项A.make it easier for students to obtain needed informationB.provide many ways of teaching the same thingC.make learning easy and funD.provide students with enrollment exam【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。
根据原文第三句“The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. 所有这些创新的目的是调整教学使之更加精确来适应每个学生的需要由此可知，作者最关心的是满足每个学生的需求选项D正确2.判断推理题根据原文最后一句“All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning. 所有可用的教学资源，包括教师，可以共同努力，为最大限度地有效学习创造条件由此可推测，选项B正确3.细节事实题根据原文第七句“Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. 他们（学生）中的许多人讨厌技术，但他们反对的通常是技术被用作处理大量学生的手段。
也就是说，大多数学生反对技术是因为技术被错误的使用，所以选项C正确4.细节事实题根据原文后半部分“They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students’ opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. 它们（技术）可以通过各种判断把信息呈现给学生它们可以给学生机会，以多种方式对事物作出反应总之，学生的学习机会可以通过使用广泛的教学技术来增加和提高由此可知，只有选项D没有提及，所以本题选D19. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph into English. 中国发展已经取得了巨大的成就，但我们清楚地认识到，中国还是最大的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值(per capita GDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平与发达国家有较大差距。
经济正在进行提质增效，但仍然存在着很多制约发展的体制和机制(systemic and institutional) 障碍中国要实现更大更好的发展，到21世纪中叶进入中等发达国家行列，关键是坚持走改革创新之路，进一步解放思想，把人民群众的创造潜能充分激发出来，使整个社会充满生机活力，形成支撑发展源源不断的动力答案】China has made great achievements in its development. But we are fully aware that China is still the largest developing country. Its per capita GDP is not high in the world ranking, and its level of science and technology lags far behind that of developed countries. The economy is improving in quality and efficiency, but there are still systemic an。