总公司 Head Office分公司 Branch Office营业部 Business Office人事部 Personnel Department(人力资源部 )Human Resources Department总务部 General Affairs Department财务部 General Accounting Department销售部 Sales Department促销部 Sales Promotion Department国际部 International Department出口部 Export Department进口部 Import Department大众关系 Public Relations Department广告部 Advertising Department企划部 Planning Department产品开发部 Product Development Department研发部 Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室 Secretarial Pool注：Department 可简写为 Dept.《2000 年国际贸易术语解释通则》中文版Note: Archived by WinRar, use WinRar 3.0 or above to extract, the document is in MS-Word format.点击浏览该文件 )-- 感謝 nomad 提供的好資料 .国际贸易的价格表示方法, 除了具体金额外, 还要包括贸易术语, 交货地点及所使用的货币。
如 USD150 FOB Hongkong, STG2000 CIF Liverpool, 其中 USD 指的是以美金作价, 而 STG为英镑；Hongkong 香港 和 Liverpool 利物浦为交货地点； FOB 与 CIF 则为 两个较为常用的贸易术语以下是国际商会出版的《 2000 年国际贸易术语解释通则》中规定的全部贸易术语的分类第一组： E 组 （卖方在其所在地点把货物交给买方）Ex Works (named place) 工厂交货（指定地点）第二组： F 组 （卖方须将货物交至买方指定的承运人）FCA: Free Carrier (named place) 货交承运人（指定地点）FAS: Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)船边交货（指定装运港）FOB: Free On Board (named port of shipment)船上交货（指定装运港）第三组： C 组 （卖方必须签定运输合同,但对货物灭失或损坏的风险以及装船和启运后发生事件所产生的额外费用不承担责任）CFR: Cost & Freight (named port of destination)成本加运费（指定目的港）CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination)成本,保险加运费（指定目的港）CPT: Carriage Paid To (named place of destination)运费付至（指定目的地）CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid To(named place of estination)运费保险费付至（指定目的地）第四组： D 组 （卖方必须承担把货物交至目的地国家所需的全部费用和风险）DAF: Delivered at Frontier (named place) 边境交货（指定地点）DES: Delivered ex Ship (named port of destination)船上交货（指定目的港）DEQ: Delivered ex Quay (named place of destination)码头交货（指定目的地）DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid (named place of destination)未完税交货（指定目的地）DDP: Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination)完税后交货（指定目的地）（1）贵函Your letter; Your favour; your esteemed letter; Your esteemed favour; Your valued letter;Your valued favour; Your note; Your communication; Your greatly esteemed letter; Yourvery friendly note; Your friendly advice; Yours.（2）本信,本函Our (my) letter; Our (my) respects; Ours (mine); This letter; these lines; The present.（3）前函The last letter; The last mail; The last post; the last communication; The last respects （自己的信） ; The last favour （来信）（4）次函The next letter; The next mail; The next communication; The letter following; the following.（5）贵函发出日期Your letter of (the) 5th May; Your favour dated (the) 5th June; Yours of the 3rd July; Yoursunder date (of) the 5th July; Your letter bearing date 5th July; Your favour of evendate(AE); Your letter of yesterday; Your favour of yesterday's date; Your letter datedyesterday.（6）贵方来电、电传及Your telegram; Your wire; Your cablegram （从国外） ; Your coded wire （密码电报） ; Yourcode message; Your cipher telegram; Your wireless telegram; Your TELEX; Your Fax.（7）贵方Your telephone message; Your phone message; Your telephonic communication; Yourtelephone call; Your ring.（8）通知(Noun)Advice; Notice; Information; Notification; Communication; A report; News; Intelligence;Message.(Verb) （通知,告知）To communicate (a fact) to; To report (a fact) to...on; To apprise (a person) of; To let (aperson) know; To acquaint (a person) with; To intimate (a fact) to; To send word; to senda message; To mail a notice; to write (a person) information; To give notice （预告） ; Tobreak a news to （通知坏消息） ; To announce （宣布） .（9）回信(Noun)An answer; A reply; A response.(Verb)To answer; To reply; To give a reply; To give one's answer; To make an answer; To send ananswer; To write in reply; To answer one's letter .（特此回信）Reply to; Answering to; In answer to; In reply to; In response to.（等候回信）To await an answer; To wait for an answer .（收到回信）To get an answer; To favour one with an answer; To get a letter answered.（10 ）收讫,收到(Noun)Receipt （收到） ; A receipt （收据） ; A receiver （领取人,取款人） ; A recipient （收款人）(Verb)To receive; To be in receipt of; To be to (at) hand; To come to hand; To be in possesion of;To be favoured with; To get; To have; To have before (a person); To make out a receipt （开出收据） ; To acknowledge receipt （告知收讫） .（11 ）确认To confirm; Confirming; Confirmation; In Confirmation of （为确认 ..., 为证实 ...）; A letter ofconfirmation （确认函或确认书）（12 ）高兴,愉快,欣慰To have the pleasure to do; To have the pleasure of doing; To have pleasure to do; to havepleasure in (of) doing; To take (a) pleasure in doing (something); To take pleasure in doing(something); To be pleased to (with)(by); to be delighted at (in)(with); To be glad to(of)(about); To be rejoiced in (at).（13 ）随函附件Enclose; Inclose.（14 ）迅速,立刻Urgently; Promptly; Immediately; With all speed; At once; With dispatch; With all despatch;With the quickest possible despatch; With the least possible delay; As soon as possible; Asquickly as possible; As promptly as possible; At one's earliest convenience; At the earlie stpossible moment; At an early date; Without delay; Without loss of time; Immediately onreceipt of this letter; By express messenger; By Special messenger; By special delivery; Byexpress letter .（15 ）回信By return; By return of post; By return of mail; By return of air-mail.（16 ）依照According to; Agreeably to; Conformably to; pursuant to; In accordance with; Inconformity with (to); In obedience to; In deference to; In compliance with; In agreementwith; In pursuance of.（17 ）就...,关于About; Regarding; Concerning; As to; As regards; With regard to; In regard to;(of);Respecting; Relative to; Anent; In connection with; Referring to; With reference to; Inreference to; Re.（18 ）期满到期及应付之款To be due; To fall due (become) due （日期将到） ; Duly （正时, 及时）；In due Course （依照顺序） .(19) （每个,按照,通过）Per(=by, through) rail.(post,mail,steamer) （通过铁路,邮政,轮船）Per pro.= by proxy （由代理）Per annum （=yearly ,每年）Per mensem (=monthly, 每月)Per diem [daiem] (=daily, 每日)Per man, per capital (=per head, 依照人数,每一人）Per piece （每一个,每一件）（20 ）表示抱歉（冒昧做了某事）To take the liberty of doing something; To take the liberty to do something; To take theliberty in doing something.（21 ）甚感遗憾,请包涵To regret; To be sorry; T o be chagrined; To be mortified; To be vexed; To regret to say; Tobe sorry to say; To one's regret; To feel a great regret for; To express regret; To beregretted; To be a matter for regret; To be regrettable; To be deplorable.（22 ）（我们）对于 ...甚感荣幸To have the honour of doing (being); To have the honour to do (be); To do one (oneself)the honour of doing (being); To esteem (regard) it as a high honour to do (be); Toappreciate the honour to do (be); To feel honoured to do (be); To owe one a debt ofhonour to do (be); To be honoured with doing (being) something; To honour one withdoing (being) something.（23 ）请Please; Kindly; be good enough; Be kind enough; Have the kindness.（24 ）感谢,衷心感谢等To thank; To be (feel) thankful; To be (feel) grateful; To be obliged; To be indebted; Toesteem (it) a favour (privilege); To give (tender , return) one's thanks; To express one'sgratitude (appreciation); To tender one's sincere thanks for; To be overwhelmed withgratitude.（25 ）请照顾等(Noun) （请吩咐）Command; Order; Service(Verb) （服务）To command; To order; To serve; To be at one's service; To render serv ice to one; To doone a service; To be of service to one.摘要： 无论是在你出国前准备各种材料、 办理各种手续, 还是在您来到异国需要求职或申请入学, 您肯定要经常用到一些职位、 职业的名称。
找找看, 您现在的职位英文怎么说？您想从事的国外职业的中文名称又是什么？Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员／接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange) Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager,s Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer （计算机）硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff （项目）策划人员Promotional Manager 推销部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购（进货）员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Coordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research & Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer （计算机）软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive 电讯（电信）员Telephonist/Operator 接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Word Processing Operator 文字处理操作员Introduction 介绍Making introductions 给人作介绍1. Jane, Tom. Tom, Jane.2. Jane, this is Tom, Tom, this is Jane.3. Jane, I'd like you to meet my friend Tom.4. Jane, have you met Tom?5. Jane, do you know Tom?6. Look, Tom's here. Tome, come and meet Jane.7. Jane, this is Tom. He's a friend from college.8. Jane, Tom is the guy I was telling you about.9. Do you know each other?10. Have you two met ?11. Have you two been introduced?12. Allow me to introduce Professor Linda Ferguson of Harvard University.13. Let me introduce our guest of honor, Mr.David Morris.14. If you want to be introduced to the author, I think I can arrange it.Making a self-introduction 作自我介绍1. May I introduce myself2. Hello, I?m Hanson Smith.3. Excuse me, I don?t think we?ve met. My name?s Hanson Smith.4. How do you do? I?m Hanson Smith.5. I?m David Anderson. I don?t believe I?ve had the pleasure.6. First let me introduce myself. I?m Peter White, production manager.7. My name is David. I work in the marketing department.After being introduced. 被介绍与对方认识后 .1. I?m glad to meet you. 很高兴认识你 .2. Nice meeting you. 很高兴认识你 . ( 平时用得最多的是 Nice to meet you )3. How nice to meet you. 认识你真高兴 .4. I?ve heard so much about you. 我知道很多关于你的事儿 .5. Helen has told me all about you. 海伦对我将了好多你的事儿 .6. I?ve been wanting to meet you for some time. 很久以来我一直想见你 .7. I?m delighted to make your acquaintance. 认识你我觉得非常高兴 .8. It?s a priv ilege to know you. 认识您是我的荣幸 .abandonment charge 背弃 费用absolute par of exchange 绝对 外汇 平价abritrage rate 套汇 汇率above par 超过 票面 价值acceptance commission 承兑 手续费acceptance fee 认付费acceptance for honor 参加 承兑acceptance house 期票 承兑行acceptor for honor 参加 承兑人accepting bank 承兑 银行accepting charge 承兑费accident beyond control 非人为 事故account payable 应收帐,应付 未付帐account purchase赊买account receivable应收帐款,应收 未收帐account sales销货帐,销货清单account of goods sold销货帐目account of receipts and payments 收支帐目account year 会计年度accounting statement 会计报表accounting unit &nbfor/from want of 由于缺少 ⋯ ⋯The flowers died from want of water.这些花由于缺少水而枯死了。
Some of the wounded soldiers died for want of medicine.有些士兵因为缺乏药物而死去for the use of 供⋯ ⋯ 使用的This parking lot is for the use of employees only.这个停车场只供员工使用This dining hall is for the use of teachers.这个饭堂是供教师使用的in support of为了支持 ⋯ ⋯ ,为了拥护⋯ ⋯He spoke at the meeting in support of my idea.他在会上讲话支持我的想法They decided to stay in support of the new leadership.为了支持新的领导班子,他们决定留下来so as to为了（做） ⋯ ⋯ ,以便（做） ⋯ ⋯They made a lot of lively programs so sas to attract more children.为了吸引更多的孩子,他们制作了很多生动活泼的节目I left home at 5:00 in the morning so as to be there on time.我早上 5 点钟就出门,以便准时到达那里。
in search of为了寻找 ⋯ ⋯ ,为了寻求 ⋯ ⋯He went to the south in search of better prospects.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去She immigrated to New Zealand in search of a quiet life.她为了过上平静的生活移民到新西兰去for the sake of/for one's sake为⋯ ⋯ 起见,为了 ⋯ ⋯His family moved to the countryside for the sake of his son's health.他一家为了他儿子的健康搬到乡下去He betrayed his friend for money's sake.他为了钱而出卖自己的朋友for one's own safety为了某人自身的安全For your own safety please don't smoke inside the plane.为了你自身的安全,请不要在飞机上抽烟Please fasten your seat belt for your own safety.为了你们自己的安全,请系上安全带。
for future reference为了以后参考,为了今后备查Keep all the price lists on future reference.把所有的价格表存档,以便今后备查You can take this booklet home for future reference.你可以把小册子带回家,留着以后参考for reasons of 因 ⋯ ⋯ 理由,为⋯ ⋯缘故The road has been closed for reasons of safety.为了安全起见,路已经被封了They switched to a new product for reasons of better profits.为了更好地获得,他们转向了一种新产品in memory of为纪念 ⋯ ⋯ ,为追悼 ⋯ ⋯She set up an educational fund im memory of her mother.她为了纪念她母亲而设立了一个教育基金会This musem was built in memory of the great writer -Lu Xun.这个博物馆是为了纪念伟大作家鲁迅而建造的。
in order to为了 ⋯ ⋯Most students study hard in order to please the teacher.为了让老师开心,多数学生努力工作Business schools are trying to improve their courses in order to produce better graduates.为了培养出更好的毕业生,商务学校在改进他们的课程for sb.'s benefit/for the benefit of为了 ⋯ ⋯ 的利益为了帮助 ⋯ ⋯It is not his fault. He did it for your benefit.这不是他的过错他是为了你的利益才这样做的All the donations are for the benefit of the disabled children.所有的捐款都是为了帮助残疾儿童for fear of 以免,以防Put on a coat for fdar of catching a cold.穿上外衣以免感冒The weather in London is so changable that people always bring their umbrella with themfor fear of rain.伦敦的天气很多变,人们总是要随身带着雨伞以防下雨。
as a result结果是As a result, the unemployment rate began to fall.结果,失业率开始下降As a result, 50 per cent of the groundwater in cities is polluted.结果,城市 50% 的地表水受到污染in honor of为纪念 ⋯ ⋯ ,为庆祝 ⋯ ⋯They are holding a birthday party in honor of the prince.他们为王子举行生日会The book was written in honor of those who died in the war.这本书是为纪念在战争中死亡的人而写的in favor of为了支持 ⋯ ⋯ ,赞同 ⋯ ⋯ 的He spoke at the meeting in favor of the plan.他在会上发言赞成这个计划Most educators are in favor of distance learning.多数教育家支持远程教育accountant: 会计actor: 男演员actress: 女演员airline representative: 地勤人员anchor: 新闻主播announcer: 广播员architect: 建筑师artist:艺术家associate professor: 副教授astronaut: 宇航员.attendant: 服务员auditor:审计员auto mechanic : 汽车技工baker: 烘培师barber: 理发师(男)baseball player: 棒球选手bell boy:门童bellhop: 旅馆的行李员binman: 清洁工 ,垃圾工blacksmith:铁匠boxer: 拳击手broker (agent) :经纪人budgeteer:预算编制者bus driver: 公车(巴士 )司机butcher: 屠夫 ,请假条（事假）To: John Smith, SupervisorFrom: George Chen, Accounting DepartmentDate: March 11, 2001Subject: Casual Leave of AbsenceJohn, I would like to know if I could ask for a casual leave of absence from March 23 to 27.Yesterday I received a letter from my parents, who are both over 70, telling me that a bigflood took place at my home village, causing serious damage to my house. As the only sonof my parents, I should of back to assess the situation, and help them to get over thesedifficulties. Though I cannot stay at home for too long a time, I should at least makearrangements for repair work. I believe my relatives in the village and my neighbors willalso come to help. Financially I have no difficulties.I will call you at 1:30p.m. or you can call me at any time.货运知识 -集装箱国际集装箱运输方式由于集装箱是一种新的现代化运输方式,它与传统的货物运输有很多不同,做法也不一样,目前国际上对集装箱运输尚没有一个行之有效并被普遍接受的统一做法。
但在处理集装箱具体业务中, 各国大体上做法近似, 现根据当前国际上对集装箱业务的通常做法, 简介如下：1．集装箱货物装箱方式根据集装箱货物装箱数量和方式可分为整箱和拼箱两种1）整箱（ Full Container Load ,FCL）是指货方自行将货物装满整箱以后,以箱为单位托运的集装箱 这种情况在货主有足够货源装载一个或数个整箱时通常采用, 除有些大的货主自己置备有集装箱外, 一般都是向承运人或集装箱租赁公司租用一定的集装箱 空箱运到工厂或仓库后, 在海关人员的监管下, 货主把货装入箱内、加锁、 铝封后交承运人并取得站场收据,最后凭收据换取提单或运单2）拼箱（ Less Than Container Load ,LCL）是指承运人（或代理人）接受货主托运的数量不足整箱的小票货运后, 根据货类性质和目的地进行分类整理 把去同一目的地的货,集中到一定数量拼装入箱由于一个箱内有不同货主的货拼装在一起,所以叫拼箱这种情况在货主托运数量不足装满整箱时采用 拼箱货的分类、 整理、 集中、 装箱（拆箱） 、交货等工作均在承运人码头集装箱货运站或内陆集装箱转运站进行2．集装箱货物交接方式如上所述,集装箱货运分为整箱和拼箱两种,因此在交接方式上也有所不同,纵观当前国际上的做法,大致有以下四类：（1）整箱交,整箱接（ FCL/FCL）货主在工厂或仓库把装满货后的整箱交给承运人,收货人在目的地以同样整箱接货,换言之,承运人以整箱为单位负责交接。
货物的装箱和拆箱均由货方负责2）拼箱交、拆箱接（ LCL/LCL ）货主将不足整箱的小票托运货物在集装箱货运站或内陆转运站交给承运人,由承运人负责拼箱和装箱（ Stuffing ,Vanning ）运到目的地货站或内陆转运站,由承运人负责拆箱（Unstuffing ,Devantting ）,拆箱后,收货人笔据接货货物的装箱和拆箱均由承运人负责3）整箱交,拆箱接（ FCL/LCL）货主在工厂或仓库把装满货后的整箱交给承运人,在目的地的集装箱货运站或内陆转运站由承运人负责拆箱后,各收货人笔据接货4）拼箱交,整箱接（ LCL／FCL）货主将不足整箱的小票托运货物在集装箱货运站或内陆转运站交给承运人由承运人分类调整, 把同一收货人的货集中拼装成整箱, 运到目的地后, 承运人以整箱交, 收货人以整箱接上述各种交接方式中,以整箱交、整箱接效果最好,也最能发挥集装箱的优越性3．集装箱货物交接地点集装箱货物的交接,根据贸易条件所规定的交接地点不同一般分为：（1）门到门（ Door to Door ）：从发货人工厂或仓库至收货人工厂或仓库；（2）门到场（ Door to CY）：从发货人工厂或仓库至目的地或卸箱港的集装箱堆场；（3）门到站（ Door to CFS）：从发货人工厂或仓库至目的地或卸箱港的集装箱货运站；（4）场到门（ CY to Door ）：从起运地或装箱港的集装箱堆场至收货人工厂或仓库；（5）场到场 （CY to CY）：从起运地或装箱港的堆场至目的地或卸箱港的集装箱堆场；（6）场到站（ CY to CFS）：从起运地或装箱港的集装箱堆场至目的地或卸箱港的集装箱货运站。
7）站到门（ CFS to DOor ）：从起运地或装箱港的集装箱货运站至收货人工厂或仓库；（8）站到场（ CFS to CY）：从起运地或装箱港的集装箱货运站至目的地或卸箱港的集装箱堆场；（9）站到站（ CFS to CFS）：从起运地或装箱港的集装箱货运站至目的地或卸箱港的集装箱货运站以上九种交接方式,进一步可归纳为以下四种方式：（1）门到门：这种运输方式的特征是,在整个运输过程中,完全是集装箱运输,并无货物运输,故最适宜于整箱交,整箱接2）门到场站：这种运输方式的特征是,由门到场站为集装箱运输,由场站到门是货物运输,故适宜于整箱交、拆箱接3）场站到门：这种运输方式的特征是,由门至场站是货物运输,由场站至门是集装箱运输,故适宜于拼箱交、整箱接4）场站到场站：这种运输方式的特征是,除中间一段为集装箱运输外、两端的内陆运输均为货物运输,故适宜于拼箱交、拆箱接国际集装箱多式联运概述国际集装箱运输是一种先进的现代化运输方式与传统的件杂货散运方式相比,它具有运输效率高, 经济效益好及服务质量优的特点 正因如此, 集装箱运输在世界范围内得到了飞速发展, 已成为世界各国保证国际贸易的最优运输方式。
尤其是经过几十年的发展, 随着集装箱运输软硬件成套技术臻于成熟,到 80 年代集装箱运输已进入国际多式联运时代国际多式联运是一种利用集装箱进行联运的新的运输组织方式它通过采用海、陆、空等两种以上的运输手段,完成国际间的连贯货物运输,从而打破了过去海、铁、公、空等单一运输方式互不连贯的传统做法 如今,提供优质的国际多式联运服务己成为集装箱运输经营人增强竞争力的重要手段一、国际多式联运的定义与特征国际多式联运（ MultimodaI Transport ）是一种以实现货物整体运输的最优化效益为目标的联运组织形式它通常是以集装箱为运输单元,将不同的运输方式有机地组合在一起,组成连续的,综合性的一体化货物运输通过一次托运,一次计费,一份单证,一次保险,由各运输区段的承运人配合完成货物的全程运输, 即将货物的全程运输作为一个完整的单一运输过程来安排然而,它与传统的单一运输方式又有很大的不同根据 1980 年《联合国国际货物多式联运条约》（简称 “多式联运条约 ”）以及 1997 年我国交通部和铁道部配合颁布的《国际集装箱多式联运管理规则》的定义,国际多式联运是指 “按照多式联运合同,以至少两种不同的运输方式, 由多式联运经营人将货物从一国境内接管货物的地点运至另一国境内指定地点交付的货物运输 ”。
根据该定义,结合国际上的实际做法,可以得出,组成国际多式联运必须具备以下特征或称基本条件：（1）必须具有一份多式联运合同 该运输合同是多式联运经营人与托运人之间权利、 义务、责任与豁免的合同关系和运输性质的确定, 也是区别多式联运与一般货物运输方式的主要依据。