2022-2023年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green buildings can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.Buildings account for 65 percent of total U.S electricity use. But green buildings can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, so that people can drive their cars less. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of natural resources such as gasoline, and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on previously developed land, so that the buildings don’t destroy forests or other wild habitats.Marty Dettling is project manager for a building that puts these ideas into action. The Solaire has been called the country’s first green residential high-rise building. According to Dettling, “We’ve reduced our energy consumption by one-third and our water by 50 percent.” Not everyone is leaping to move into a green building, however. Some people think that features such as solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Despite this, Dettling hopes that green buildings will become common in the future. “It’s going to be big,” she said.1.What do green buildings refer to nowadays?2.The word “Also” (line 2, Para. 2) is used to（ ） .3.In terms of land use, green buildings are constructed by（ ） .4.Why are some people NOT so interested in green buildings?5.What did Marty Dettling mean when she said “It’s going to be big”?问题1选项A.Buildings painted by green hands.B.Buildings covered with green plantsC.Buildings that are environmentally friendly.D.Buildings like houses, factories, and offices.问题2选项A.continue the discussion of total U.S electricity useB.expand the topic of the reduction of energy and water useC.include the discussion of public transportationD.shift the focus to the topic of the environment protection问题3选项A.making use of the developed landB.developing new landC.clearing the ground in a forestD.destroying wild habitats问题4选项A.They do not jump into a green building.B.They fail to move into a green building.C.They think that solar panels are not safe enough.D.They find it more costly to live in a green building.问题5选项A.People expect bigger green buildings.B.Green buildings have a great potential.C.Green buildings will be larger in size.D.People prefer to live in bigger buildings.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.根据文章第一段：Green buildings can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.绿色建筑还可以指环保型的房屋、工厂和办公室。
确定C选项 ‘环保型建筑’正确A选项‘新手刷的建筑’、B选项‘覆盖绿色植物的建筑’、 D选项‘类似房屋、工厂和办公室的建筑’与原文不符，排除2.根据文章第二段：But green buildings can reduce energy and water use.但是绿色建筑可以减少能源消耗，节约用水the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways：这类建筑通常坐落在离公交车站 和地铁等公共交通工具较近的地方确定是进一步阐述绿色建筑的优点和好处所以B选项‘展开论述绿色建筑可以减少能源消耗，节约用水这一主题‘正确A选项‘继续讨论全美国电力使用情况’这个之前已经提到过，排除C选项‘讨论公共交 通’与原文不符D选项‘变换话题，讨论环境保护’原文未提及3.根据文章第二段：Green buildings are often built on previously developed land, so that the buildings don’t destroy forests or other wild habitats.绿色建筑通常是建在原来己开发过的土地上，从而可以避免破坏森林或者其他野生栖息地，确定选项A‘利用已开发的土地‘正确。
4.根据文章最后一段：Some people think that features such as solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources.—些人认为太阳能电池板的成本远高于传统能源，确定选项D‘他们发现生活在绿色建筑中的生活成本太高‘正确A选项‘他们不能一头扎进绿色建筑中’、B选项‘他们没能搬进绿色建筑内’、C选项‘他们认为太阳能电池板不够安全‘原文都未提及，排除5.根据文章最后一段：Despite this, Dettling hopes that green buildings will become common in the future.尽管一些人认为太阳能电池板的成本远高于传统能源，但是德特林希望绿色建筑在未来能够普及确定B选项 ‘绿色建筑有 很大的发展潜力‘正确A选项’人们希望更大的绿色建筑‘、C选项’绿色建筑在规模上将更大‘、 D选项’人们喜欢住更大的房子‘文章都没有提及，排除2. 单选题When I was a little girl, loved for my mom to tell me stories about herself. No matter how tired she was, she never adumbrated them. She would fill them with minutest details, and they were always fascinating. My favorite story was the one about how my mom met my dad: “I was 17-years-old, but I already knew the kind of man I would marry. He would not be too garrulous. I tell you, Rosa, it’s important for a man to take time to listen to what you have to say, and never impertinent. Politeness is a good trait.”“Well, I’m supposed to be telling you about the day I met your daddy, right? Okay, so I was riding the Amtrak train between Providence and Philadelphia during my freshman year at Brown, and the door at the end of my car rattled open. He was tall and swarthy. He wore a thick ivory cable knit sweater with a gray wool scarf wrapped firmly around his neck. I couldn’t tell what his heritage was and that intrigued me. What was he---Indian, Portuguese, Peruvian?” Mom would pause here and I would shout “Cape Verdean!” She’d continue. “Well, if I had been shy I might have just looked out the train window. But then where would I be now? You wouldn’t even be here! So I let my eyes lock with his as he wobbled down the moving train.”“He smiled a slight smile, not a big one. His eyes raised just enough to let me know he had sported me too.” I always loved this line and would smile at the image of my dad stumbling down the train and then noticing my radiant mom. “So Rosa, once we spotted each other, your dad found infinite reasons to walk past me to go to the cafe car. I was sitting by myself along the aisle. So finally, I just slid over to the window, leaving the seat next to me empty. Your dad came back with two cups of hot cocoa and sat down with a smile. And we had the most delightful conversation!”“I could tell right then that this was no ephemeral crush---this was the real deal. I was going to end up loving this man forever.” Here comes the part I loved best about the story. “We pull into the train station in Philadelphia, and it’s time for me to get off. He was heading on to Washington where he was going to school. I prepared myself for some hackneyed expression as I got off the train. You know, great meeting you, or you’re the apple of my eye. I also worried he might try to sneak a smooch. Which would have been a big turn off. We’d just met! Instead, he took my hand gently and gave it a little squeeze. He said, 4If it’s the thought that counts, consider yourself kissed.”Mama said she just about died when he said that! Then she said to herself, “That man will be my husband.” And so he is.1.As used in this passage, which is the best antonym for “adumbrated” (Para.1)?2.Why might the author have chosen Rosa as the narrator even though it is her mother who is telling the main story?3.What is implied in the underlined sentence in paragraph 2? (“Well. If I had been shy, ...the moving train.’’)4.Which is the best antonym for “hackneyed” (Para. 4)?5.What may Rosa’s mom be meaning to convey to her child by telling this stoiy?问题1选项A.InventedB.lengthenedC.understatedD.simplified问题2选项A.To make the reader learn the story from Rosa’s perspective.B.To make it clear that the story happened a long time ago.C.To make it clear that Rosa’s mother has passed away.D.To make the story seem more straightforward.问题3选项A.As soon as they locked eyes they fell in love.B.It is best to be outspoken in all circumstances.C.Rosa really wanted to just look out the window.D.A slight change could have greatly altered her life.问题4选项A.happyB.humorousC.originalD.over-used问题5选项A.The advice on what to look for in a partnerB.The yearning to go back to that time and placeC.The idea that education should come before marriageD.The suggestion that Rosa might find her husband on a train.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.“adumbrated”本意为‘预示；画...的轮廓’。
A ‘Invented’意 为‘发明的’；B ‘lengthened’意为‘加长的，详细的’；C ‘ understated’意为‘理解的’；D ‘simplified’ 意为‘简单化的’根据 “No matter how tired she was, she never adumbrated them. She would fill them with minutest details 无论她多累，她从不只讲故事大概，而是详细地讲述， 本题要求选与“adumbrated”词义相反的词，所以B选项‘lengthened’符合题意，正确2.本文是选择Rosa来叙述自己妈妈与自己爸爸邂逅相爱的故事，全文以Rosa叙述故事，正是要让读者从她的角度了解故事如何发展；而B和C选项很明显不符合文意，D选项“让故事看起来更简单明了”的方式应该是以Rosa妈妈第一人称视角讲述更为直观3.根据句意“Well. If I had been shy ...the moving train.” 译为“若当时我太羞涩，我可能就望向窗外然而那么我现在会在哪儿呢？你是不会在这儿的！所以在他晃荡着下火车时，我的目光牢牢地锁住了他。
确定D选项正确 A选项‘让读者从Rosa的角度听故事‘、B选项‘表明故事发生在很久以前’和C选项‘表明Rosa的 妈妈已经过世‘都与文章大意不符，排除4.选择"hackneyed （陈腐的；平庸的）的反义词，但不知道 hackneyed 的意思怎么办呢，我们可以根据“prepared myself for some hackneyed expression as I got off the train. You know, Great meeting you, or You’re the apple of my eye. ”（当我要 下火车时，我自己准备了些如“很高兴见到你”，“你是我的挚爱”等表达我们可以看出我当时准备的是客套的常规表达，所以hackneyed的意思就能推断出来，其反义词应该是C项的“original新颖的，独创的”5.从文中第二段 “but I already knew the kind of man I would many...”即可判断Rosa妈妈讲述她和爸爸的故事来告诉Rosa找什么样的伴侣A选 项符合其他三项B渴望回到那时那景，C认为受教育要在婚前， D暗示Rosa可能会在火车上遇到自己的丈夫与文章主旨不符。
3. 翻译题Intelligence at best is an assumptive construct ---the meaning of the word has never been clear. There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to ---it was not designed for such purposes. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.【答案】智力充其量是一种假设的构造——这个词的意思从来就没有明确过。
人们达成共识比较多的是智力指那些行为，但是谈到如何解释和归类智力时，人们的分歧就比较大但是， 人们一般认为，高智商的人能够很容易地掌握思想、区分、逻辑推理，并在解决问题时使用语言和数学符号智力测试是对孩子学习能力的粗略测量，尤其是对学习学校要求的东西它不衡量性格、社会适应、身体耐力、手工技能或艺术能力它不应该——它不是为这样的目的而设计的批评它的这种失败，大致相当于批评温度计没有测量风速一样4. 翻译题International marketing is not a luxury to be considered as a bonus on top of every company seeking to sustain its own economic future. It therefore requires commitment and an equal share of the allocation of resources that would normally be committed to the domestic market. Certainly, it lacks definition and a body of knowledge sufficient to excite, but it is because companies do not recognize the importance and need for international marketing that there is this lack of suitable positions for those students of international marketing. Not all countries, however, hold international marketing in the same low esteem. While this may be true of the United Kingdom and North America, it is not true of Japan where industry and commerce have maintained traditionally strong ties with its universities Coincidentally, Japan has been forging ahead in international markets even in those countries in which it is not a traditional supplier.【答案】国际市场营销不是寻求维持自身经济发展的公司的像一种津贴样的奢侈品。
因此，它要求享有与国内市场同样的权利，即一样的投入与资源配置由于缺少对国际营销学的完整定义，许多企业并不重视国际市场营销的重要性和必要性，这就使得许多国际营销学专业的学生没有合适的工作岗位然而，并非所有的国家都不重视国际营销学专业英国和北美洲国家或许不重视，但是日本则完全不同日本的工商业习惯 上都与各类高校保持着紧密的联系巧合地是，日本的国际市场营销，甚至在它不是传统性供应商的那些国家中，也一直是扶摇直上5. 单选题We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death despite the great distance we have come to understand some of the profound aspects of biology. We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it, it is an indelicacy like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days. Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 million volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather, we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear. It is when then numbers of dead are very small, and very close that we begin to think in scurrying circles. At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one’s own self, the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty, and it is unmentionable, unthinkable. We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away. We like to think , hiding the thought, that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become, next year, say, a bit smarter.1.According to the passage, we do better than our remotest ancestors because（ ） .2.When we talk at the dinner table about a war in which many people lost their lives, we are liable to show our（ ） .3.From the passage, we know that a person becomes upset about death when （ ）.4.According to passage, the only reality we know for sure is（ ） .5.The last sentence of the passage suggests people deceive themselves by the thought that（ ）问题1选项A.our attitude about death is more direct and scientificB.we have a deeper understanding of biologyC.we can calmly talk about deathD.we can talk freely at dinner table问题2选项A.indignationB.sympathyC.indifferenceD.superstition问题3选项A.he sees death on films and televisionB.he realizes that man is powerless before natureC.he loses one of his relatives or intimate friendsD.he witnesses death on a grand scale问题4选项A.we are mortal beingsB.science enables us to prolong our livesC.we all share some inner apathy towards othersD.we are less evasive about death than our predecessors问题5选项A.we are more intelligent than our ancestorsB.we can lead nature around by the noseC.we can become smart enough to put death offD.we can avoid war in the future【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.根据文章第一句We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death despite the great distance we have come to understand some of the profound aspects of biology.我们继续与我们最遥远的祖先分享对死亡最纠结和逃避的态度，尽管我们已经了解了生物学的一些深刻方面。
确定B选项 ‘我们对生物学有更深的理解‘正确A选项‘我们对死亡的态度更直接更科学’、C选项‘我们可以平静地谈论死亡’、D选项‘我们可以在饭桌前自由谈论’不符合原文2.根据这一句话we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 million volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather, we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear.我们可以围坐在餐桌旁讨论战争，涉及6000万人的死亡，就像我们在谈论恶劣的天气一样，我们可以每天在电影和电视上看到突然的血腥死亡，而且是彩色的，不眨一下眼泪确定C选项‘冷漠，漠不关心’正确3.根据文章的then numbers of dead are very small大数量的死亡是很少的 At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one’s own self：核心的问题是某人会独自孤独地死去。
由确定C选项‘他失去他的某位亲戚或亲密朋友’符合题意4.根据文章这一句话the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty, and it is unmentionable, unthinkable：这是我们唯一可以肯定的客观事实，并且是难以启齿的， 不能想象的确定A选项‘我们都终有一死‘正确B选项‘科学能延长我们的生命‘文章没有提及C选项’我们应当与他人分享自己内心的冷漠‘和D选项’我们比我们的袓先更无法逃避死亡‘不符合题意5.根据文章最后一句话We like to think , hiding the thought, that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become, next year, say, a bit smarter.我们喜欢思考，隐藏思想现在我们用 尽各种方法，似乎是我们牵着大自然的鼻子走。
如果我们变得更聪明些，或许能够避免核心的问题可以确定C选项‘我们足够聪明可以推迟死亡‘符合题意6. 单选题Coral reefs are one of the most fragile, biologically complex, and diverse marine ecosystem on Earth. This ecosystem is one of the fascinating paradoxes of the biosphere: how do clear and thus nutrient-poor waters support such prolific and productive communities? Part of the answer lies within the tissues of the corals themselves. Symbiotic cells of algae known as zoozanthellae carry out photosynthesis using the metabolic wastes of the coral thereby producing food for themselves, for their corals, hosts, and even for other members of the reef community. This symbiotic process allows organisms in the reef community to use sparse nutrient resource efficiently.Unfortunately for coral reefs, however, a variety of human activities are causing worldwide degradation of shallow marine habitats by adding nutrients to the water. Agriculture, slash---and ---bum land clearing, sewage disposal and manufacturing that creates waste by-products all increase nutrient loads in these waters. Typical symptoms of reef decline are destabilized herbivore populations and an increasing abundance of algae and filter-feeding animals. Declines in reef communities are consistent with observations that nutrient input is increasing in direct proportion to growing human populations, thereby threatening reef communities sensitive to subtle changes in nutrient input to their waters.1.The passage is primarily concerned with（ ） .2.The passage suggests which of the following about coral reef communities?3.The author refers to “filter-feeding animals” (line 17) in order to （ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following is a factor that is threatening the survival of coral reef communities?5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author describes coral reef communities as paradoxical most likely for which of the following reasons?问题1选项A.describing the effects of human activities on algae in coral reefsB.explaining how human activities are posing a threat to coral reef communitiesC.discussing the process by which coral reefs deteriorate in nutrient-poor watersD.explaining how coral reefs produce food for themselves问题2选项A.Coral reef communities may actually be more likely to thrive in waters that are relatively low in nutrients.B.The nutrients on which coral communities thrive are only found in shallow waters.C.Human population growth has led to changing ocean temperatures, which threatens coral reef communities.D.The growth of coral reef communities tends to destabilize underwater herbivore populations.问题3选项A.provide an example of a characteristic sign of reef deteriorationB.explain how reef communities acquire sustenance for survivalC.identify a factor that helps herbivore populations thriveD.indicate a cause of decreasing nutrient input in waters that reefs inhabit问题4选项A.The waters they inhabit contain few nutrient resources.B.A decline in nutrient input is disrupting their symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae.C.The degraded waters of their marine habitats have reduced their ability to carry out photosynthesis.D.Waste by-products result in an increase in nutrient input to reef communities.问题5选项A.They are thriving even though human activities have depleted the nutrients in their environment.B.They are able to survive in spite of an over-abundance of algae inhabiting their waters.C.They are able to survive in an environment with limited food resources.D.They are declining even when the water surrounding them remains clear.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。
本文第一段讲了珊瑚礁是如何在清澈且无养料的海水中繁衍的第二段开头开始转折，作者指出人类活动是怎样对珊瑚礁的栖息地造成破坏的， 所以B选项‘解释人类活动如何对珊瑚礁群落构成威胁’为正确答案2.细节判断题根据文章第一段“how do clear, and thus nutrient-poor waters support such prolific and productive communities? ” 用一个反问句表明珊瑚礁适合在低养料的清澈海水中生长确定A选项符合题意珊瑚礁很难在浅水滩边繁殖，所以B选项错误，排除人类活动导致海水中的养料增加，而并非增加了海水的温度，从而破坏了珊瑚礁的 栖息地，C选项错误，排除食草动物数量的不稳定并不是珊瑚礁生长造成的，而是珊瑚礁遭到破坏的一种表现，D选项错误，排除3.细节判断题根据文章第二段“Typical symptoms of reef decline are destabilized herbivore populations and an increasing abundance of algae and filter-feeding animals. 珊瑚礁衰退的典型症状是食草动物种群的不稳定，以及藻类和滤食性动物数量的增加。
确定作者提到filter-feeding animals是为了说明珊瑚礁减少的特征A选项正确4.细节判断题根据文章最后一段“Agriculture, slash-and-bum land clearing, sewage disposal and manufacturing that creates waste by-products all increase nutrient loads in these waters. 农业、刀耕火种、污水处理以及制造业向海水中排放了 大量的垃圾，从而增加了海水的营含量和“Declines in reef communities are consistent with observations that nutrient input is increasing in direct proportion to gro。