2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.They are harmful to health.B.They enrich our experience.C.They are necessary in our lives.D.They should be done away with.问题2选项A.They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work.B.They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life’s problems.C.They are anxious to free themselves from life’s troubles.D.They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.问题3选项A.They lessen our burdens.B.They narrow our focus.C.They prolong our lives.D.They expand our mind.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D【解析】Recording OneLet’s say you start to brain storm a list of all the emotions you ever experienced. Just for fun, try it now.What’s on your list? Chances are, you included things like: happy, sad, excited, angry, afraid, grateful, proud, scared, confused, stressed, relaxed and amazed. Now sort your list into two categories: positive emotions and negative emotions.Feeling both positive and negative emotions is a natural part of being human. [16] We might use the word “negative” to describe more difficult emotions, but it doesn’t mean those emotions are bad or we shouldn’t have them. Still, most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a negative one. It’s likely you prefer to feel happy instead of sad or confident instead of insecure.What matters is how our emotions are balanced, how much of each type of the emotion, positive or negative, we experience.Negative emotions warn us of threats or challenges that we may need to deal with. For example, fear can alert us to possible danger, it’s a signal that we might need to protect ourselves. Angry feelings warn us that someone is stepping on our toes, crossing a boundary or violating our trust. Anger can be a signal that we might need to act on our own behalf.Negative emotions focus our awareness. They help us to zero in on a problem so we can deal with it. [17] But too many negative emotions can make us feel overwhelmed, anxious, exhausted or stressed out. When negative emotions are out of balance, problems might seem too big to handle.The more we dwell on negative emotions, the more negative we begin to feel. Focusing on negativity just keeps it going.Positive emotions balance out negative ones, but they have other powerful benefits, too. [18] Instead of narrowing our focus, like negative emotions do, positive emotions affect our brains in ways that increase our awareness, attention and memory. They help us take in more information, hold several ideas in mind at once and understand how different ideas relate to each other.When positive emotions open us up to new possibilities, we are more able to learn and build on our skills. That leads to doing better on tasks and tests.People who have plenty of positive emotions in their everyday lives tend to be happier, healthier, learn better and get along well with others.16. What does the speaker say about negative emotions?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于负面情绪，说话者说了些什么？录音前面部分提到：我们可能会用“负面”一词来描述让人难受的情绪，但是这并不意味着这种情绪很糟糕或者我们不该有这种情绪。
也就是说“它们（负面情绪）在我们的生活中是必要的”，C选项符合录音原文表述A选项“它们对健康有害”和B选项“它们丰富我们的经验”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“它们应该被摒弃”恰好与录音表达的意思相反，因此不正确17. What happens to people whose negative emotions are out of balance?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问负面情绪失衡的人会发生什么？录音在谈到负面情绪时提到，负面情绪会集中我们的意识，这样我们就可以处理问题，但是出现过多的负面情绪会使我们不堪重负、焦虑、疲惫或压力过大负面情绪一旦失去平衡，问题似乎变得太大而无法处理因此B选项“他们感到不堪重负以致无法处理生活问题”与录音原文表述相符A选项“即使不干重活，他们也筋疲力尽”；C选项“他们渴望摆脱生活的烦恼”和D选项“即使生活中没有任何挑战，他们还是感到紧张”在录音中均没有提及18. How do positive emotions affect us?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问积极情绪是如何影响我们的？录音提到，（积极情绪）不像负面情绪那样会让我们缩小注意力的范围，积极情绪会影响我们的大脑，增强我们的意识、注意力和记忆力。
它们帮助我们获取更多的信息，同时记住一些想法，并了解不同的想法是如何相互关联的因此D选项“它们扩展我们的思维”正确A选项“它们减轻我们的负担”和C选项“它们延长我们的寿命”在录音中均没有信息提及；B选项“它们使我们集中注意力”是负面情绪的作用，因此不正确2. 单选题Don’t （meddle）in my affairs, and in fact I can handle them properly by myself.问题1选项A.interfereB.interestC.involveD.attend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析meddle表示“干涉，管闲事”；A项interfere“干涉，妨碍”，B项interest“感兴趣”，C项involve“包含，牵涉”，D项attend“参加”句意：不要干涉我的事情，事实上我自己能处理得很好根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确3. 单选题He believes that it’s wrong that some people should enjoy wealth, privilege, influence and power solely（ ）an accident of birth.问题1选项A.on the ground ofB.for the sake ofC.in view ofD.by virtue of【答案】D【解析】考查介词词组辨析。
on the ground of “以……为理由，因为”；for the sake of “为了……的利益”；in view of “鉴于，考虑到”；by virtue of “由于，凭借”句意：他认为有些人一出生就可以享受财富、特权和权势的观点是错误的选项D符合题意4. 单选题Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution.B.They carry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places.C.They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites.D.They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency.问题2选项A.They originate from Devon Island in the Arctic area.B.They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer.C.They have the ability to survive in extreme weathers.D.They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food.问题3选项A.They had become more poisonous.B.They were carried by the wind.C.They poisoned some of the fulmars.D.They were less than on the continent.问题4选项A.The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds.B.The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans.C.The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds.D.The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B【解析】Passage OneBirds are famous for carrying things around. Some, like homing pigeons, can be trained to deliver messages and packages. Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride.Canadian scientists have found a worrisome, new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around. Way up north in the Canadian Arctic, [9] seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live.Some 10,000 pairs of the birds, called fulmars, a kind of Arctic seabirds, make their nests on Devon Island, north of the Arctic Circle. [10] The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food. When they return home, their droppings end up all around their nesting sites, including in nearby ponds.[11] Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind. Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals, as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea. The bodies of fish and other meat-eaters can build up high levels of the chemicals.To test the polluting power of fulmars, researchers collected samples of deposits from 11 ponds on Devon Island. In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed that there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds.The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat when they’re out on the ocean.[12] People who live, hunt, or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say. The birds don’t mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems.9. What have Canadian scientists found about some seabirds?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于海鸟，加拿大科学家们有什么发现？录音开头提到，加拿大的科学家发现海鸟能传播污染物：在加拿大北部的北极地区，海鸟从海洋中叼走危险的化学品，并运送到其栖息地附近的池塘里。
C选项“它们把海洋里污染物运送到它们筑巢的地方”是对录音原文的同义转述，因此正确A选项“污染导致它们濒临灭绝”录音中并没有提及；B选项“它们携带植物种子，并把种子传播到遥远的地方”这一信息虽然在录音中有所提及，但并不是加拿大科学家们的发现，因此排除；D选项“在紧急情况下，它们会传递信息”，录音中说的这种鸟类是信鸽，而不是海鸟，因此不正确10. What does the speaker say about the seabirds called fulmars?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于管鼻藿这种海鸟，说话人说了什么？录音提到，有一种生活在北极的海鸟，名叫管鼻藿（fulmar）大约有一万多对管鼻藿在北极圈以北的德文岛筑巢它们会飞行约400公里，穿越海洋寻找食物D选项“它们飞行400公里寻找食物”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确A选项“它们起源于北极地区的德文岛”，录音只是提及管鼻藿在北极圈以北的德文岛筑巢，并没有表明它们是起源于德文岛，因此不正确；B选项“它们在夏季迁徙到北极圈”和C选项“它们能在极端天气条件下生存”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除11. What did scientists previously notice about pollutants in the Arctic?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问科学家以前在北极发现的污染物是什么？录音提到，早前，科学家发现这些污染物是被风吹到北极地区的。
B选项中的were carried by the wind是录音中arriving…with the wind的同义转述因此B选项“它们是被风吹来的”正确A选项“它们毒性越来越大”；C选项“它们毒害了一些管鼻藿”和D选项“它们没有像大陆上残留的那么多”在录音中均没有相关信息提及，因此排除12. What does the speaker warn about at the end of the talk?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者在演讲结束时警告了什么？录音最后提到，研究人员认为，在鸟类栖息地附近生活、狩猎或捕鱼的人们需要提高警惕这些鸟类本身不会造成危害，但它们携带的化学物质则会引起重大问题由此可知，此处的“重大问题”应是指会对人类造成危害的问题，因此B选项“北极海鸟可能对人类造成危害”正确A选项“气候变化对北极海鸟的影响”；C选项“北极海鸟栖息地的减少”和D选项“人类对北极海鸟构成的威胁”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除5. 单选题The aim of the president’s speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the great necessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that（ ）terrorists.问题1选项A.kidnappedB.harassedC.heckledD.harbored【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
kidnap “绑架”；harass “扰乱，使烦恼”；heckle “诘问，责问”；harbor “庇护”句意：总统演讲的目的在于要让那些不大情愿的国家相信，强硬制裁那些庇护恐怖分子的国家是非常有必要的选项D符合题意6. 单选题（ ） people who find meaning in their work are generally—productive, supportive coworkers and promote workplace harmony.问题1选项A.Self-importantB.Self-declaredC.Self-consciousD.Self-motivated【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析self-important “妄自尊大的，高傲的”；self-declared “自命的，自称的”；self-conscious “自觉的，自发的”；self-motivated “自我激励的，有上进心的”句意：有上进心的人往往能在工作中找到意义，他们通常富有创造力，乐于帮助同事，营造和谐的工作氛围选项D符合题意7. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.It tends to dwell upon their joyous experiences.B.It has trouble concentrating after a brain injury.C.It wanders for almost half of their waking time.D.It tends to be affected by their negative feelings.问题2选项A.To study the relation between health and daydreaming.B.To see why daydreaming impacts what one is doing.C.To observe how one’s mind affects one’s behavior.D.To find how happiness relates to daydreaming.问题3选项A.It contributes to their creativity.B.It contributes to clear thinking.C.It helps them tap their potentials.D.It helps them make good decisions.问题4选项A.Daydreamers did better than non-daydreamers in task performance.B.Non-daydreamers were more focused on their tasks than daydreamers.C.The difference in performance between the two groups was insignificant.D.Subjects with clear goals in mind outperformed those without clear goals.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】Passage TwoIn 2014, one in 16 Americans visited the hospital emergency room for home injuries. One of the main causes of these accidents? A wandering mind! [12] By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours.Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think about something other than the task one is doing. [13] For one experiment, researchers developed an app to analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness. They found that the average person’s mind wandered most frequently (about 65% of the time) during personal activities, such as brushing their teeth and combing their hair. Respondents’ minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy. They were more likely to wander toward pleasant topics than unpleasant ones.How do daydreams affect daydreamers? A wandering mind leaves us vulnerable when driving. In one study, researchers interview 955 people involved in traffic accidents. The majority of them reported having daydream just before the accident. Yet other research suggests that daydreaming has benefits. Researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about our goals and [14] it also seems to increase creativity. In one experiment, 145 undergraduates completed four “unusual uses” tasks, each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for everyday object. After the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of participants was assigned an undemanding activity intended to cause their minds to wander. When all the participants proceeded to the second pair of tasks, [15] the daydreamers performed 40 percent better than the others.12. What does the passage say about people’s mind?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问的是这篇文章提到的关于人的思想的信息。
录音开头提到：据估计，人们几乎一半的清醒时间都在幻想（people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours），C选项“醒着的时候，几乎有一半的时间都在走神”与之表述一致，因此正确干扰项是A选项“倾向于沉湎于他们快乐的经历”，录音中提到的是他们更倾向于谈论愉快的话题（pleasant topics），因此A选项不正确；B选项“大脑受伤后很难集中注意力”和D选项“容易受到负面情绪的影响”在录音中均未提及13. For what purpose did the researchers develop the new app?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问研究人员开发这款新软件的目的是什么？录音提到，在一项实验中，研究人员开发了一款应用程序来分析幻想和幸福之间的关系（analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness），D选项“找出幸福是如何与幻想关联的”是此信息的同义表述，因此正确A选项“健康与幻想的关系”；B选项“看看为什么幻想会影响一个人的行为”；C选项“观察一个人的思想如何影响他的行为”均不正确。
14. How does daydreaming benefit people according to some researchers?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问根据一些研究者的说法，幻想是怎样使人受益的？录音中也提到了幻想的好处：研究发现，它给了我们思考目标的机会，而且似乎还能提高创造力（increase creativity），A选项中的contributes to是录音中increase的同义替换，因此A选项正确；B选项“有助于清晰思考”；C选项“帮助他们挖掘潜力”；D选项“有助于他们做出正确的决定”均不正确15. What was the finding of the experiment with 145 undergraduates?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问那个有145名本科生参加的实验发现了什么？录音最后提到，当所有参与者进行第二组任务时，“幻想者”的表现比其他人好40 % （the daydreamers performed 40 percent better than the others），由此可知，A选项“幻想者在做任务时的表现优于非幻想者”与之表述一致，因此正确。
由上也可排除B选项“非幻想者比幻想者更专注于自己的任务”和C选项“两组之间的表现差异不明显”；而D选项“有明确目标的受试者的表现优于没有明确目标的受试者”在录音中并没有提及明确目标这一信息，因此错误8. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.B.They were carried out over a period of some thirty years.C.They were done by his former colleague at Yale.D.They are focused more on attraction than love.问题2选项A.The relationship cannot last long if no passion is involved.B.It is not love if you don’t wish to maintain the relationship.C.Romance is just impossible without mutual understanding.D.Intimacy is essential but not absolutely indispensable to love.18.问题3选项A.Whether it is true love without commitment.B.Which of them is considered most important.C.How the relationship is to be defined if any one is missing.D.When the absence of any one doesn’t affect the relationship.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C【解析】Recording OneOkay. So let’s get started. And to start things off I think what we need to do is consider a definition. I’m going to define what love is but then [16] most of the experiments I’m going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love. And I’m going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years. And he has a theory of love that argues that it’s made up of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment. And these are relatively straightforward. He argued that you don’t have love if you don’t have all three of these elements. Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding. Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets, you share information with this person that you don’t share with anybody else. Okay. That’s really what intimacy is, the bond that comes from sharing information that isn’t shared with other people. The second element is passion. Passion is the drive that leads to romance. You can think of it as physical attraction. And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship. The third element of love in Sternberg’s theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such, and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time. [17] Sternberg would argue it’s not love if you don’t call it love and if you don’t have some desire to maintain the relationship. So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg’s theory you have love. [18] Now what’s interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three? What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three? What’s interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look at them carefully. So what I’ve done is I’ve taken Sternberg’s three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I’ve listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.16. What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in his talk?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于演讲中提到的大多数实验，说话者说了什么? 录音开头提到说话者要给爱下定义，接下来指出将要谈论的大多数实验实际上更多地聚焦于吸引力而不是爱。
D选项“更多地聚焦于吸引力而不是爱”是录音原文的复现，因此正确A选项“它们形成了他建立爱的理论的基础”在录音中并没有提及；B选项“它们实施了大约三十年了”，利用录音中的thirty years设置的干扰项，录音中说的是说话人的同事在耶鲁工作了近30年，并不是说实验实施了大约30年；C选项“是他在耶鲁大学的前同事做的”录音中确实提到了说话人以前的同事，但并没有信息表明这些实验是他在耶鲁的前同事做的， 因此C选项排除17. What does Robert Sternberg argue about love?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问Robert Sternberg对爱有什么看法？录音提到在Sternberg的理论中，爱的第三个要素就是他所说的决定承诺他主张，如果你不把它称之为爱，如果你没有想要维持这段关系的想法，那就不是爱B选项中的wish to是对录音原文中have some desire to的同义替换，因此B选项“如果你不想维持这段关系，那就不是爱”正确A选项“如果没有激情，这段关系就不会长久”这一信息在录音中并没有提及；C选项“没有相互理解，不可能有浪漫”中并没有提及mutual understanding（相互理解）；D选项“对于爱来讲，亲密是基本的，但并非绝对必要”，根据Sternberg的理论，爱的三要素就包括intimacy，因此D选项不正确。
18. What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternberg’s three elements of love?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于Sternberg的爱情三要素，说话者认为哪个问题很有趣？录音最后提到，根据Sternberg的理论，如果你拥有了亲密、激情和承诺这三个要素，你就拥有了爱但现在关于这个理论有趣的问题是，如果你只拥有三个中的一个或两个的话，那你拥有的是什么呢？也就是说，如果其中任何一个要素缺失，那么该如何定义这段关系？C选项与原文表述相符，因此正确A选项“没有承诺是否是真正的爱”，这一问题，Sternberg已经给出明确的答案：没有承诺就不是真正的爱，因此A选项可排除；B选项“哪一个被认为是最重要的”并不是说话者认为很有趣的问题；D选项“当缺少了任何一个要素，都不会影响这段关系”与录音表述不符，因此可排除9. 单选题The sergeant looked sharply into the eyes of the conscripts standing before him and snapped, ‘‘（ ） the same mistake again!”问题1选项A.don't you makeB.Do not you makeC.You not makeD.Make you not【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。
在否定的祈使句中可以带出主语，这种情况下否定结构只能用don't,不用do not句意：中士眼神犀利地看着站在他面前的士兵说道：“不要再犯同样的错误！”选项A符合题意10. 单选题Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.Radio waves.B.Sound waves.C.Robots.D.Satellites.问题2选项A.It may be freezing fast beneath the glacier.B.It may have micro-organisms living in it.C.It may have certain rare minerals in it.D.It may be as deep as four kilometers.问题3选项A.Help understand life in freezing conditions.B.Help find new sources of fresh water.C.Provide information about other planets.D.Shed light on possible life in outer space.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D【解析】Passage OneWhile some scientists explore the surface of Antarctica, others are learning more about a giant body of water 4 kilometers beneath the ice pack. [9] Scientists first discovered Lake Vostok in the 1970s by using radio waves that penetrate the ice. Since then they have used sound waves and even satellites to map this massive body of water. How does the water in Lake Vostok remain liquid beneath an ice sheet? The thick glacier above acts like an insulating blanket and keeps the water from freezing, says Martin Siegert, a glaciologist from the University of Wales. In addition, geothermal heat from deep within the Earth may warm the hidden lake. [10] The scientists suspect that micro-organisms may be living in Lake Vostok, closed off from the outside world for more than 2 million years. Anything found there will be totally alien to what’s on the surface of Earth, says Siegert. Scientists are trying to find a way to drill into the ice and draw water samples without causing contamination. Again, robots might be the solution. If all goes as planned, a drill-shaped robot will melt through the surface ice. When it reaches the lake, it will release another robot that can swim in the lake, take pictures, and look for signs of life. [11] The scientists hope their discoveries will shed light on life in outer space, which might exist in similar dark and airless conditions. Recently, close。