Unit 3 - Section A Words and Expressions leanvi. 1. be against a wall or other surface 倚,靠There is a ladder leaning against the wall.有ー架梯子靠在墙上The old man leaning upon his stick at the gate is John's grandfather.那位在大门边倚着拐杖的老人是约翰的祖父2. bend in a certain direction 倾斜»倾向,偏向Don't lean out of the window when the bus is moving.公共汽车开出时,别把身子探出窗外Just lean forward for a moment, please.请向前靠一会儿balancen. 1. [U] mental or emotional calm 平静,镇静She soon recovered her balance after she lost her temper.她发脾气后不久就恢复了平静。
His wife helped him keep his balance during difficult times.他的妻子在他困难时候帮助他保持沉着心态2. [U] a state in which all weights and forces are evenly spread so as not to fall 平衡, 均衡 Horse riders need a good sense of balance.骑马的人需要有良好的平衡感It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.在结冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的v. (cause to) be even and keep in balance (使)平衡,(使)均衡 When you ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.骑自行车必须学会保持平衡Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.我拿稳手中的咖啡杯,设法打开了门vt. consider in relation to sth. else; compare 权衡» 比较You have to balance the positive points of living in a big city against the negative ones. 你必须权衡居住在大城市的利弊。
They balanced the profit and loss to see what had been gained.他们比较盈亏情况,看看赚了多少 severea. 1. very bad or serious恶劣的,严重的:剧烈的 She is suffering from a severe headache.她头疼得厉害The dry season is becoming more and more severe.旱灾日益严重2. strict or hard in thinking or treatment 严格的,严肃的,严厉的 Drug dealers face a severe punishment.贩毒者会受到严厉的惩罚The president came under severe criticism for the new tax policy.新的税收政策使总统受到严厉抨击severelyad. in a strict way严重地;严格地,严厉地The house was severely damaged in the hurricane.房屋在飓风中遭受严重损坏。
My mother was suffering severely from a cold.我母亲正患重感冒cripplevt. make sb. unable to walk or move properly 使跛,使残废He was crippled in an accident.他在ー次事故中变成了残废He has been crippled with pain.他感觉很疼,走路ー痛ー拐n. [C] sb. who is physically disabled, esp. unable to walk 跛子,摘子Though he is a cripple, he supports his family by working hard.虽然腿脚不便,他还是努力干活养家She has gone from being a healthy young woman to being a cripple.她从ー个健康的年轻女子变成了残疾人inwarda. 1. located within; inside, esp. in the mind or spirit 在内的,内部的(尤指头脑中、精神上) inward doubts内心的怀疑He helped others to achieve inward peace.他帮助别人以获得自己内心的平静。
2. going toward the inside 向内的an inward curve向内的弧线an inward movement向内移动inwardlyad. in mind or spirit内心(或精神)方面She was inwardly sad but she would not say anything about it.她内心痛苦,却不会在言辞中表现出来She hates him inwardly.她从心底恨他bothervt. make sb. feel worried or upset 使苦恼What bothers me most is my inability to keep up with others.令我烦心的是我跟不上其他人His rudeness bothers me.我讨厌他的粗鲁vi. make an effort to do sth.尽力,费心Few people ever bothered to talk to him.很少有人费心和他讲话I never bother to iron my shirts, so they're often a bit wrinkled.我从不愿意花精力去熨衬衣,所以它们常常有点皱。
coordinatevt. cause different parts, body parts, etc. to work together very well 使协调The plan was not very well coordinated.那项计划协调得不好We must coordinate our efforts to help people who have been affected by the flood. 我们必须齐心协カ去帮助遭受水灾的灾民haltv. stop暂停,中断,中止The project halted for lack of fund.那个项目因缺乏资金而停了下来No one can halt the advance of history.谁也阻挡不了历史的前进n. [sing.] a stop or pause 暂停,中断,中止The car came to a halt in time to prevent an accident.汽车及时刹住,避免了一场事故Production was brought to a halt by a strike.由于罢エ,生产停顿了。
impatienta. 1. easily annoyed; not patient 不耐烦的,没有耐心的Don't be so impatient! The bus will be here soon.别这样不耐烦!公共汽车很快就来You're too impatient with her. She's only a child.你对她太没耐心了,她还只是个孩子2. very eager to do sth. or for sth. to happen; anxious 急切的,渴望的They were already impatient to try.他们已经迫不及待,跃跃欲试了Many business students are impatient to become managers.许多商科学生急切地想成为经理pacen. 1. [sing.] speed of walking or running 步速;走(跑)的速度They quickened their pace as they approached their cars.他们接近汽车时加快了步伐She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her.她放慢了速度,以便我能跟上她。
2. [sing.] the speed at which sth. happens 速度,速率;节奏The pace of change in the computer industry is very fast.计算机エ业发展变化速度很快I like the pace of life in the city.我喜欢这个城市的生活节奏vi. walk with slow, regular, even steps 踱步,慢步走The policeman paced up and down the street.警察在街上踱来踱去Sarah paced back and forth in the hallway, waiting for the doctor to come back. 莎拉沿着走廊走来走去,等医生回来adjustv. (to) become or make suited (to new conditions) (使)适应The former soldiers had difficulty in adjusting to ordinary life.退役军人难以适应普通人的生活。
The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.人体能很快自行调节以适应气温变化subwayn. 1. [C] (AmE) a railway under the ground in a city 地铁He travels to work by subway every day.他每天乘地铁上班I don't ride the subway late at night.夜间太晚时我不乘地铁2. [C] (BrE) a path for walking under a road or railway 地卜通道,人行隧道The subway to the other side of the road was under repair.过街地下通道正在维修People are advised to walk through a subway to cross a street.人们过马路时应走地下通道despiteprep, in spite of 尽管,不管They had a wonderful holiday despite the bad weather.尽管天气不好,他们的假日仍然过得很愉快。
Despite the fact that she wants to see him, she turned down his invitation.尽管想看到他,她还是拒绝了他的邀请nastya. 1. unpleasant; horrible; disgusting 令人不快的,令人厌恶的She could never forget that nasty sight.她永远也忘不了那令人作呕的情景I'm so glad you didn't get that nasty flu.你没染上那讨厌的感冒,我很高兴2. unkind不友善的,恶意的What a nasty man!真是个不怀好意的人!Don't be nasty to your little brother.不要对你的小弟弟太刻薄wagonn. 1. [C] a kind of cart for children 儿童手推车The imported wagon cost twenty-five dollars at the shopping mall.进ロ儿道手推车在大卖场售价25美元The paperboy used a wagon to help him make his deliveries.报童用手推车帮他发送货物。
2. [C] a four-wheeled box for carrying heavy loads, pulled by horses or oxen 四轮运货马(牛) 车The wagon was once the major means of travel for people in some countries. 在有些国家,四轮马车曾是主要的交通工具The first white settlers traveled across America in wagons.第一批白人定居者横跨美洲大陆时乘的是四轮马车clingvi. (clung, clung)1 .(to) hold sb. or sth. tightly 抱住,抓紧The passengers were clinging to a lifeboat and waiting for a rescue.乘客们紧紧抓住救生筏,等待救援They clung to each other as they said goodbye.他们告别时紧紧相拥2 . (to) continue to believe or do sth.坚持,忠于He clung to his own idea.他坚持自己的观点。
She clung to the hope that he was still alive.她仍希冀他还活着railh. [C] a bar that is fixed along or around sth.栏杆,护栏They built wooden rails in front of a garden.他们在花园前装了木制围栏Hold the rail for safety while coming down the steps.下台阶时,抓住栏杆以确保安全handraili. [C] a long bar that is fixed to the side of stairs for people to hold while walking up and down (楼梯等的)扶手,栏杆The old man walked up the stairs with the help of the handrail.老人扶着栏杆上楼The boy slid down the handrail.那个男孩顺着楼梯扶手滑了下来tunnelj. [C] a passage under the ground dug for cars, trains, etc. to go through 隧道The railway tunnel runs one kilometer'.这个铁路隧道长一公里。
The prisoners dug a tunnel under their prison and tried to escape.犯人们在牢房底下挖了一条地道试图逃跑amazevt. surprise sb. greatly 使惊异;使惊讶He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.他通过了驾照考试,让大家非常惊讶We were amazed at the change in how he looked.我们对他外表的改变感到惊讶subjectvt. (to) cause to experience sth. unpleasant 使遭受(痛苦等),使蒙受I don't want to subject you to any inconvenience.我不想给你带来任何不便We Chinese people will never subject ourselves to any foreign rule.我们中国人民决不愿意受外人统治stressn. 1. [C, UJ continuous feelings of worry 持续的压カ,忧虑,紧张He suffered from great stress.他受到很大压カ。
He seemed used to the stresses and strains of modern life.他好像很习惯现代生活的紧张和压カ2. [U] special attention or importance 强调,重视He feels that there is not enough stress on drawing at the school.他认为学校对绘画重视不够In most music colleges, particular stress is placed upon technique rather than style. 大多数音乐学院都特别强调培养技巧而非风格vt. give particular importance to 强调,重视He stressed the need of careful planning.他强调要精心计划It should be stressed that the clerk has done an excellent job for over 10 years and deserves a higher position in this company.应该强调的是那位职员十多年来表现卓越,理应在公司获得更髙的职位。
complaintn. [C, U] a written or spoken statement in which sb. complains about sth. 投诉; 忌见The road works caused much complaint among local neighbors.修路工程使当地居民叫苦连天We've received many complaints about goods quality.我们收到了不少关于有关产品质量的投诉envyn. 1. [U] the feeling of wanting sth. that sb. else has 妒忌;羡慕He couldn't hide his envy at my success.他无法掩饰对我成功的妒忌His new car excited their envy.他的新车令他们很羡慕2. [U] object of envy妒忌的对象,羡慕的目标My new office was the envy of the entire staff.全体职エ都很羡慕我的新办公室The happiness that we now enjoy is the envy of all who know us.所有认识我们的人都羡慕我们的幸福生活。
vt. have the unhappy feeling of wanting sth. that sb. else has 羨慕; 妒忌I have always envied your good luck.我一直羡慕你运气好He envied his brother for his success.他很妒忌他弟弟取得的成就ownern. [C] a person to whom sth. belongs 物主,所有人She was the owner of the bar.她是这家酒吧的老板Who's the owner of this house?这房子的主人是谁?precisea. exact, clear and correct 精确的;准确的What is the precise meaning of this word?这个词的确切含义是什么?The number of the people who can attend the meeting must be precise.能参会的人数必须精确preciselyad. exactly; just准确地,精确地I can't remember precisely what happened.我记不清确切发生了什么事。
The two reports are precisely the same.两个报告ー模ー样engagevi. (in) take part in or be involved in sth. 参与,参加I have no time to engage in regular exercises.我没有时间经常参加锻炼He is engaged in business.他是经商的vt. 1. employ sb. to do a particular job 雇用,聘用She was engaged as a teacher.她被聘作教师He's been engaged to paint the house.他被雇来粉刷这幢房子2. attract sb.'s attention and keep them interested 使全神贯注;引起注意 Nothing engages his attention for long.什么也不能长时间地吸引住他的注意力Online games engaged his interest.网络游戏引起了他的兴趣locala. belonging to a particular place or district 地方的,当地的,本地的She is a local girl and has lived here her entire life.她是个本地姑娘,至今一直住在这里。
Following the national news we have the local news and weather.国内新闻之后,我们播报本地新闻和天气预报n. [C] sb. who lives in the place talked about 当地人The new theatre attracts crowds of tourists and locals alike.新落成的剧院吸引了大批的游客和当地人来参观I asked one of the locals which way to go to the railway station.我问ー个当地人去火车站该怎么走knowledgeablea. knowing a lot知识渊博的He's very knowledgeable about paintings.他很懂油画My sister is a knowledgeable professor.我姐姐是个知识渊博的人occasionn. 1. [C] a time at which sth. happens (事件发生的)时刻,时机There are occasions that you must not refuse.有些时候你绝对不能拒绝。
I've met him on several occasions.我曾经见过他几次2. [sing.] a suitable or right time (适当的)时机,机会This is not an occasion for fun and games.这可不是寻开心的时候I'll buy one if the occasion arises.如果有机会我就会买一个punchvt. 1. hit hard with the fist 用拳猛击He punched the young man in the face.他用拳猛击那个年轻人的脸The goalkeeper punched away another shot.足球守门员用拳挡开了又一次射门2. make a hole in sth. using a metal tool 扌丁孑しThe ticket collector punched my ticket.检票员在我的票上打了个孔The bullet can punch a hole through a steel plate.这种子弹能穿透钢板shovev. push roughly 推挤,推撞At the entrance to the cinema there was a crowd pushing and shoving to get in. 在电影院门口有一群人,连推带挤地要进去。
He shoved her out of the way.他把她推到了一边contenta. satisfied and happy 满足的,满意的She is not content with her life in the city.她不满意自己在城里的生活John seems content to sit in front of the television all night.约翰似乎满足于整晚坐在电视机前,无所事事aidvt. give help or support 帮助,援助We were greatly aided in our investigation by the police.警方对我们的调查帮助很大Increased international trade has aided the country's economic recovery.该国经济复苏得益于对外贸易的增长n. [U] help帮助,援助They provide free legal aid.他们无偿提供法律援助She came quickly to his aid.她急忙赶来寻求他的帮助unaideda. without help无助的;独立的She was trying to achieve her goal by her unaided efforts.她试图凭自己的努力达到目标。
He is unable to walk unaided.他不能独立行走kidv. make jokes about sb. in a friendly way 开玩笑Don't be angry. He was just kidding.别生气,他只是开玩笑而已Other children would kid him about his height.其他孩子拿他的身髙开玩笑urgevt. strongly suggest that sb. does sth.竭カ劝告;敦促He urged us to go right away.他力劝我们马上就走The manager urged his staff on to greater efforts.经理督促全体职员更加努力n. [CJ a strong wish or need强烈愿望,迫切需求I had a sudden urge to tell the boss the whole truth.我突然产生一种强烈愿望,想把全部真相告诉老板He could no longer resist the urge to go and see his son.他再也控制不住去看儿子的强烈愿望。
diven. 1. [C] the act of pretending to be struck down to the ground in boxing (拳击中)假装被击倒 Taking a dive is becoming increasingly common in boxing.假装被击倒在拳击比赛中越来越常见I once met a fighter who took a dive because sb. had offered him money.我见过ー个拳击手因为有人出钱收买而假装被对手击倒2. [C] an act of jumping into water with head and arms going in first 鼠K 水,潜水He made a dive from the bridge to save the child who had fallen into the river.他从桥I:跳进水里.去抢救落水儿童His dives were worthy of gold medals in any other year but this one.除了今年之外,他的跳水表现可以在其他任何 年获得金牌。
vi. jump into water with head and arms going in first 跳水,潜水She stood at the edge of the pool ready to dive.她站在池边,准备跳水The bird dived into the water to catch the fish.那只鸟潜入水中去捕鱼reluctancen. [U] unwillingness to do sth.不愿,勉强She showed reluctance, but finally accepted our interview.她不太情愿,但最后还是接受了我们的采访He left us with some reluctance.他不情愿地离开了我们worthya. 1. deserving respect值得尊敬的;高尚的The girl is really a worthy opponent.这个女孩真的是个值得尊敬的对手He is worthy to receive such honor.他应该得到这种荣誉2. (of) deserving sth.值得的,应得的Their efforts are worthy of your support.他们的努力值得你们的支持。
She said that she was not worthy of the honor they had offered her. 她说她不配接受他们所给予的荣誉unworthya. not honest or morally wrong 不诚实的;卑鄙的Trifles are unworthy of your attention.琐事不值得你劳神I am unworthy of such an honor.我不配获得这样的荣誉regretvt. feel sorry about sth. one has done 后悔;遗憾Lawrence regretted his choice.劳伦斯后悔自己的选择I regret not having taken your advice.我后悔没听从您的劝告n. [U] a feeling of sadness about sth. that has happened 后悔;遗憾Robert never suffered any regret for what he had done.罗伯特从不为自己已干的事后悔Much to my regret, I can't accept your invitation.很遗憾,我不能接受你的邀请。
complainv. say that one is not satisfied with sth,抱怨,诉苦She complained to me about his bad manners.她向我抱怨他的粗暴无礼He complained that he never had time to have a holiday.他抱怨总没时间去度假triflen. [C] sth. that has little value or importance 无价值的东西;琐事It's silly to quarrel over trifles.为小事而争吵是愚蠢的Household trifles took up much of her time.家庭琐事占了她很多时间enviousa. (of) wanting sth. that sb. else has 妒忌的,羡慕的She threw envious glances at her sister's dress.她羡慕地看了几眼她姐姐的那套衣服He was envious of his brother's success.他很羡慕他弟弟的成功。
lean ondepend on 依靠They lean on each other for support.他们互相依靠,互相支持You should not always lean on others for help.你别总靠他人来帮你grow updevelop from being a child to being an adult 成长,长大What do you want to be when you grow up?你长大后想做什么?He grow up in the countryside.他是在农村长大的let ontell sb. sth., esp. sth. that has been kept secret 泄露,透露She never let on she was married.她从不透露她已经结婚He knew where his brother was going, but he didn't let on.他知道他哥哥去哪里了,但是他不露声色start outbegin going somewhere 出发Bill started out for school on his bicycle.比尔骑上自行车赶去学校。
Before starting out you should check that your seat and mirrors are properly adjusted. 出发前,你应该检查一下座位和后视镜是否已经调整好make it1. manage to arrive somewhere on time 及时赶至リI think we'll just make it if we hurry up!如果抓点紧,我想我们能及时到达Try your best to make it to the airport.你们一定要及时赶到机场2. be successful at sth.办到,做到When he turned 30, he started wondering if he would ever make it in business.过了 30岁,他对自己在商场是否会成功感到疑惑I knew that he would make it when I first saw him.第一次看到他,我就知道他会尽力办到的even ifalthough即使,虽然We'll go tomorrow even if it rains.即使下雨,我们明天也去。
Even if she's poor, at least she is honest.虽说她穷,至少她是诚实的on one*s way (to)while going somewhereLynn was on her way to the theater when a car hit her.在去戏院的路上,利恩被车撞了I will stop off at the post office to mail your letter on my way to work.上班的路上,我会到邮局帮你发信even thoughin spite of the fact that; even if 虽说,即使Even though it's hard work, I enjoy it.虽然工作辛苦,我却很喜欢这工作Even though he is hardworking, there is never enough money to pay the bills. 尽管工作努力,他总是入不敷出break outbegin to happen突然发生,爆发A fire broke out in the basement of the building.大楼的地下室发生了火灾。
Fierce fighting broke out between the rival groups.敌对组织之间爆发了激烈的争斗on leaveaway from work or duty 休假I'm in charge of the department when the manager is on leave.经理休假时,由我主管本部门工作He went on leave when the business was gone down.生意不景气时,他出去休假了see (to it) thatmake sure that sth. is done 务必做到He is late again today. I'll see to it that he will not be late tomorrow.他今天乂迟到J’我保证明天不让他再迟到Will you see to it that everyone gets a ticket for the concert?请确保每人都拿到音乐会的票。