2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Betty, though（ ） in most things, spent a lot of money on clothes.问题1选项A.economicalB.economicC.excessiveD.extravagant【答案】A【解析】根据though可以推断, 前后形成对比, 表达意思相反, 所以应填入economical节俭的, 选项A正确2. 单选题 Father does not like（ ）meat. 问题1选项A.leanB.slimC.skinnyD.slender【答案】A【解析】根据句意：父亲不喜欢瘦肉只有选项A能与meat搭配，其他选项只能修饰人3. 单选题Many students find（ ） jobs during their summer holidays.问题1选项A.contemptibleB.temperateC.temporaryD.contemporary【答案】C【解析】contemptible卑劣的，可轻视的；temperate温和的，适度的；temporary暂时的，临时的；contemporary当代的, 同时代的。
根据句意可知，这里指临时的工作，选项C符合句意4. 翻译题每逢新年，人们往往要定新年决心（New Year resolutions）这是很多人下决心改变旧习惯、适应新的学习和生活方式的时刻新年决心像其他很多时尚一样，说起来简单做起来难通过艰苦工作和坚持不懈，把自己的目标、梦想、决心和远大期望变成现实真不是容易的事情像其他目标和计划一样, 新年决心只是口头宣言，如果没有行动和决心来支撑，则毫无意义答案】When New Year is around the corner, people tend to make New Year resolutions. It’s a moment many people resolve to change old habits and adapt to new ways of learning and life. New year resolutions,like many other trends, are easier said than done. The hard part is implementation: Bringing intents, dreams, resolutions and lofty expectations to reality through hard work and persistence is far more difficult. The resolutions,like many other aims and objectives,are just verbal declarations that wouldn’t matter,unless when backed with action and determination.5. 单选题It’s difficult for my father to （ ）without a cane. 问题1选项A.talk backB.sit inC.stand outD.get round【答案】D【解析】talk back顶嘴, 反驳；sit in旁听, 参加；stand out站出来, 坚持到底；get round四处走动。
句意:没有手杖, 父亲很难四处走动选项D符合语境 6. 单选题The simplest animals are those whose bodies are simplest in structure and which do the things done by all living animals, such as eating, breathing, moving and feeling, in the most（ ） way.问题1选项A.bizarreB.primitiveC.advantageousD.unique【答案】B【解析】bizarre奇异的；primitive原始的, 简单的；advantageous有利的, 有益的；unique独一无二的句意:最简单的动物是那些身体结构单一的动物, 它们以最原始的方式做所有动物都做的事情, 如吃、呼吸、活动和感知选项B符合语境7. 单选题Mary thought she would never meet Tom again, but by a curious （ ）they finally met. 问题1选项A.coincidenceB.incidenceC.incidentD.accident【答案】A【解析】coincidence一致, 巧合;incidence发生率;incident事件, 事变;accident事故, 意外。
句意:玛丽以为她再也见不到汤姆了, 但由于一个奇怪的巧合, 他们最终见面了选项A符合句意8. 单选题The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultural trend that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic collapse of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a force for good,” he said. “Incomes in many countries have declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been aggravated. Without further intervention by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout the Latin America and Asia.”Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “Economic liberalization, increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanisms can produce short-term destabilization problems,” he said. “What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income.”Others feel that globalization’s cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Yawed, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language. “Most of the world’s dialects will become extinct under globalization. We’re paving the world with McDonald’s and English slang. It tears me up inside,” she said.Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and it certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs.“When I was a boy we had very little to speak of,” says one Singaporean resident. “Now our country has developed into a booming hub for international finance.” Others, however, are not so optimistic. “Globalization is an evil force that must be halted,” a union official at a car plant in Detroit recently commented, “It’s sucking away jobs and killing the spirit of our country.”1.As for globalization, Michael Tenet’s attitude to it is most probably to be in（ ） .2.The views of Michael Tenet and George Frank on globalization are quite （ ）.3.When mentioning Janice Yawed, the author is talking about（ ） .4.According to paragraph 5, different countries consider globalization as （ ）.5.The title which best expresses the main idea of the text would be（ ） .问题1选项A.firm supportB.cautious approvalC.great anxietyD.strong repentance问题2选项A.optimisticB.identicalC.worryingD.contrary问题3选项A.her local culture and languageB.the cultural implications of globalizationC.McDonald’s and English slangD.the economic impact of globalization问题4选项A.a mixed blessingB.an evil forceC.an active stimulusD.an intervention in their domestic affairs问题5选项A.Disadvantages of Globalization in Economic AreaB.People’s Responses to the Impacts of GlobalizationC.Influence of Globalization on the Economy and CultureD.Different Roles of Globalization in the Development of Economy【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据关键词“Michael Tenet”定位到第二段第一句“Michael Tenet, ..., is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization.”说明Michael Tenet对全球化的态度是担忧的。
选项C正确2.根据上题可知Michael Tenet对全球化感到担忧，而根据第三段第一句“Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger.”George Frank却没有察觉到这样的危险说明两个人的观点态度是截然相反的，所以选项D正确3.根据关键词“Janice Yawed”定位到第四段第二句“Janice Yawed, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language.”Janice Yawed是非洲土著人，她强烈地感觉到全球化正在破坏当地的文化和语言作者实际上是在说明全球化对文化的影响，所以选项B正确4.根据第五段的内容可知，不同国家的政府对全球化浪潮反应不一样美国被普遍认为是自由贸易的积极支持者，而且几乎垄断了全球的娱乐，具有巨大的文化影响力但是，其他国家，特别是欧洲和发展中国家， 已经设法减少全球化对其国内事务的影响。
也就是说，全球化有利也有弊，所以选项A正确5.文章第一段首先提出全球化的问题，接下来的几段都是分别阐述人们乃至国家对全球化影响的反应所以选项B最能概括全文第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:9. 翻译题A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend toward “directed” or “programmed” research; i. e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense; the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sum of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly- defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research.One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations. In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science—not only pure science, but applied science as well.【答案】现代科学技术的一个最新现象是:科学研究越来越朝着“有领导的”或“有计划的”趋势发展， 也就是说，研究的范围和目标是由私营机构或政府机构，而不是由研究人员自己事先决定的。
随着本世纪时间的推移，有待解决的问题的重要性与日俱增，其复杂性日趋深化这就使单个的科学家在许多情况下无法处理进行精确而又高效研究所需要的大量新资料、新技术和新设备因此，科学家不断从纯科学领域转移到应用科学领域，因为这一领域有更多的工作机会同大学里的纯理论研究工作相比，这些工作的待遇往往更优厚，技术设施也更好10. 翻译题Since the turn of the century, Londoners have expressed a preference for suburban locations as more pleasant and safer to bring up children. The middle classes fear urban public life so much, they are willing to trade off the daily journey to work in favor of safety and seclusion at home. In New York, people view the streets, sidewalks, plazas and subways as areas of combat rather than civility where the goal is not enjoyment but survival. This process of detachment and withdrawal has been encouraged by the motor car, bringing in its wake difficult pedestrian access key sites cut off by ring roads, and multi-storey car parks which are particularly threatening to women. The cinema has partly given way to the home video, and luxury housing developments around London feature high levels of security surveillance.In New York, new buildings are filled with “defensible space”, gales and guards to funnel you this way or that because drug dealers can make a public space their own in a few days.The unrestrained growth of incivilities—drunks, tramps, rowdy youth, prostitutes, and other disreputables — had decreased communal control. This had led to more actual crime, increased the fear of crime, encouraged withdrawal into private spaces, so further reducing commitment to neighborhoods and encouraging greater incivilities. The result is that people then create a shield for themselves in public places; they minimize expressions and body contact, choose sealing to signal what might happen next, they run. Since beggars probably evoked mixed reactions of pity, embarrassment, or fear, their high visibility on the streets may well lead people to avoid certain places.It is incivilities like these which surely make people fearful in cities and which cannot be dismissed as Home officials tend to do, as irrational fears. A woman’s fearfulness about travelling on the Tube, for example, cannot be lightly dismissed on the grounds that statistically she is less likely to suffer an assault than a young man. Her fears are fuelled by all these surrounding incivilities, plus gestures, sexual innuendos, or remarks from youth: in the carriage. If a couple of young men start smoking on the Tube, the tension in the carriage is palpable because people know what the reaction is likely to be if they are told to stop. Women or old people feel more vulnerable than young men because they arc more vulnerable. When considering risks, policy makers tend to emphasize statistical infrequency and downplay the gravity of outcomes. London cries out for some kind of coherent city planning. But the quality of its citizens, lives won’t be improved unless these incivilities, which are so much more difficult to quantify, are properly addressed. 【答案】汽车加快了远离城市的过程, 随之而来的是难以通过的人行通道, 被环形道路切断的重要场所以及对女人有特大威胁的多层停车场。
结果, 人们在公共场所找到自我保护的手段;他们尽量少说话或与人碰撞, 挑选座位以表明他们不想与人交流, 减少目光的接触, 他们怀疑某件事可能紧接着发生时, 便溜之大吉正是这类不礼貌的言行使人们在城市感到恐惧, 而内政部的官员往往将不礼貌的言行视为缺乏理性的恐惧例如, 不能因为女人遭到袭击的几率低于年轻男子便对女人的地铁恐惧症等闲视之11. 单选题I don’t really know how to （ ）the problem.问题1选项A.drawB.dealC.copeD.tackle【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知这里指处理问题，选项A不符合句意；选项B和C后面都需要接介词with，所以只有选项D正确12. 单选题The traffic police were searching for evidence to prove the accused man’s guilt, but in（ ）.问题1选项A.hollowB.emptyC.voidD.vain【答案】D【解析】in vain为固定搭配, 表示“徒劳的”选项D符合句意13. 单选题When the engine did not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at （ ）.问题1选项A.wrongB.troubleC.faultD.difficulty【答案】C【解析】at fault为固定搭配，意为“出毛病, 有故障”。
句意：当发动机不启动时，机修工检查了所有的部件以找出故障所在选项C符合句意14. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Will a Thrifty Lifestyle Do Harm to National Economy?. The essay should be based on the outline below:1.Some people hold the view that diligence and frugality are two virtues long cherished by our nation;2.Other people believe that more saving and less spending will do harm to our economy;3.Your opinions.【答案】Will a Thrifty Lifestyle Do Harm to National Economy?Recently, there has been a heated discussion in a mainstream magazine as to whether a thrifty lifestyle will do harm to national economy. As this is a thought-provoking as well as a debatable issue, it is very hard for people to reach a consensus on it.According to a recent questionnaire conducted by an economic organization in China, 48 percent of respondents are of the opinion that a thrifty lifestyle does harm to national economy. In their eyes, a thrifty lifestyle can not stimulate the development of national economy. For example, during the long vacations in May and in October, if all of us stayed at home watching TV,playing cards or surfing the Internet instead of traveling all over the country, our country’s aim of expanding domestic demand would be unable to be attained. If so, our spiritual life would be boring. If so,our national economy could not develop at a fast pace.On the contrary, 52 percent of respondents argue that a thrifty lifestyle will not do harm to national economy. For example, if we recycle waste things such as waste paper, waste rubber, waste plastic,waste water etc., we can not only save a lot of energy but also protect our milieu,which is undoubtedly conducive to the sustainable development of our national economy.In my opinion, thrift should always be regarded as a traditional virtue of our nation. In the short run, a thrifty lifestyle seems to be a barrier to the development of our national economy. In the long run,being thrifty is to the advantage of national economy.15. 填空题Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many（1） .The simple（2 ）for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things（3 ）in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements （4 ） interest, and more groups and organizations（5） different beliefs. In （6） , there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in（7） societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by （8） more areas of life to decision. In a simple-racial （9 ） , there are （10） occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for （11） because everything seems to be the same. And （12） conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Social change is also likely to occur more frequently and（13） in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in the（14） basic and emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in form rather than in（15） ; and in elements that are （16） to the culture rather than in strange elements. （17） , social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes（18） readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp differences. This is one reason why change has （19） come more quickly to Black Americans as （20） to other American minorities, because of sharp difference between them and their white counterparts. A. take downB. turn downC. cut downD. set down【答案】1、ways 2、reason 3、present 4、in 5、with6、addition 7、mixed 8、opening 9、society 10、fewer11、change 12、though/although 13、readily 14、less 15、substance16、acceptable 17、Furthermore 18、more 19、not 20、compared【解析】1、根据句意可知，这里指人们在许多方面都很相似。
in many ways为常见搭配，表示在许多方面2、上句提到社会变革大多发生在融合了不同种族的人类社会中，本句是解释这个现象出现的原因3、根据句意：一个很简单的原因是，有更多不同的方法看待存在于第一类社会中的事物present in表示存在于，出现于4、in表示在...方面，原文指在兴趣方面有更多的想法和分歧5、with表示拥有，原文指更多的团体和组织拥有不同的信仰6、下文的内容是对上文的补充，In addition表示补充说明7、这里讲的是拥有不同种族人群的社会，用mixed表示混合的8、根据句意：所有这些因素都倾向于通过更多的生活领域来促进社会变革open表示打开，开放，符合原文句意，by+v-ing形式，所以这里填入opening9、本段前半部分提到的是拥有不同种族人群的社会，这里应该指种族单一的社会10、根据下文，因为很多东西都是一样的，所以人们很少有机会看到变革的必要性或机会fewer和上文的more相对11、根据原文可知，这里指社会变革12、根据句意： 生活条件可能不令人满意，但它们至少是一贯的无可争议的though/although引导让步状语从句13、根据句意可知，这里指社会变革在文化的物质方面比在非物质方面发生得更频繁，也更容易发生。
readily表示容易地14、根据句意，这里指在社会中不那么基础的和不那么情绪化的方面15、填空处填入的词应和form相对，form表示形式上的，substance表示实质上的，符合原文语境16、根据下文的strange elements可推测，这里应填入可接受的，合理的 elements17、第三段是在前面两段的基础上进一步加深，所以用Furthermore表示还有另一种情况18、根据句意：它更容易出现在持续的人际关系中，而不是出现在有明显差异的人际关系中more readily表示更加容易，符合原文句意19、句意：这就是为什么变革在美国黑人当中没有来更快的原因20、原文句意指，跟美国少数民族相比较，所以用compared16. 单选题He was a young man of barely eighteen years, evidently country（ ）, and now, as it seemed, on his first visit to town.问题1选项A.brought upB.bredC.grown upD.raised【答案】B【解析】bring up提出，教育，养育；breed养育，培育；grow up成长，长大；raise提高，养育，上升。
country bred为常用短语，意为：乡村长大的所以选项B正确17. 翻译题由于世界范围内的高校采用越来越以市场为导向的管理模式，为了用可度量的方式来显示自己的价值，学者们所承受的压力也与日俱增常用的度量方式就是研究成果， 研究成果通常是按照发表文章的数量和质量来计算的，而质量则常常由是否有文章被引文索引库（citation index）所收录来决定因此，要想在专业上成功, 学者们需要写出一系列会被索引引用的文章，当然这些文章很可能是用英语写成答案】As institutions of higher learning worldwide have adopted an increasingly market- oriented mode of management, scholars are bearing increasing pressure in order to demonstrate their values in a measurable manner. A common way of measurement is to measure research fruits , which are calculated in accordance with the number and quality of published papers . But quality is usually determined by whether a paper is included in one of the citation indexes. Therefore, to succeed in their specialties, scholars need to write a series of papers cited in the citation indexes. Of course, those papers are likely to be written in English.18. 翻译题很多已经发表的科学论文都有错误，各种因素导致了这个问题。
统计错误比比皆是在杂志决定刊载论文之前，审读论文的同行审读人（peer reviewers）在发现错误方面比杂志或其他人更差；职业的压力、竞争和进取心驱使科学家们更快地发表文章而失去了理智更糟的是，科学家职业体系强调发表大量论文不发表论文就灭亡”的压力已经逐步地统治学术生活答案】There are mistakes in many scientif。